- 最后登录
- 2008-2-22
- 在线时间
- 0 小时
- 寄托币
- 1692
- 声望
- 0
- 注册时间
- 2005-7-3
- 阅读权限
- 30
- 帖子
- 17
- 精华
- 4
- 积分
- 2509
- UID
- 2113063
- 声望
- 0
- 寄托币
- 1692
- 注册时间
- 2005-7-3
- 精华
- 4
- 帖子
- 17
|
[edit] Personnel involved in the development of World War II kamikaze attacksIn the creation of the kamikaze defensive tactic, in the beginning certain Imperial Japanese Navy officers were involved. Later in World War II, some personnel of the Imperial Japanese Army also participated in the development of this defensive tactic:
- On May 29, 1943, 2,500 Japanese marines, lead by Captain Yasugo Yamazaki, who was determined to die rather than surrender in defense of Attu island, Alaska under Japanese control. He wrote a diary entry: "Only 33 years of living and I am to die here...I have no regrets. Banzai to the Emperor...Goodbye Tasuko, my beloved wife." Yamazaki gathered the remaining 1,000 Japanese troops and charged the Americans. He died Katana in hand, personally leading one of last Banzai charges. Only 28 Japanese were alive and taken prisoner by Americans.
- An unknown Japanese naval pilot is alleged to have made a suicide attack with his Mitsubishi A6M "Zero" against the USS Indiana, near Guam, during June 19, 1944. However there is no proof that this was not an acccidental collision.
- Similarly, on October 12-14, 1944, the USS Reno shot down six enemy planes. One torpedo bomber crashed and exploded on the Reno’s main deck aft, causing serious damage.
- Rear Admiral Masafumi Arima, the commander of the Japanese 26th Air Fleet, led an attack by about 100 Yokosuka D4Y Suisei "Judy" dive bombers against the US Navy carrier USS Franklin on October 21, 1944. Although Arima was killed, and part of a plane hit the Franklin, it is unclear that this was a planned suicide attack.[10]
- An unknown Army pilot, possibly in a Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa "Oscar" fighter-bomber, hit the Australian flagship HMAS Australia during October 21, 1944. This was perceived at the time, by Allied personnel, to be a suicide attack.
- Captain Motoharu Okamura, commander of the Tateyama Base in Tokyo and the 341st Air Group Home, may have first proposed these tactics in June 15, 1944, during the first naval battle at the Philippines.
- Vice Admiral Shigeru Fukudome, C-in-C (Commander-in-Chief) of the Second Navy Air Fleet, showed interest in these tactics as well.
- Vice Admiral Seishi Ito, sub-Chief of Navy State Major, was also another supporter of these operations.
- Captain Eiichiro Jyo was commander of the carrier Chiyoda during the Philippines Battle. He himself proposed this style of attack to the Japanese Mobile Fleet Command.
- Vice Admiral Tokusaburo Ozawa, the C-in-C, supported this idea of alternative strikes alongside conventional attacks.
- Rear Admiral Sueo Obayashi, Commander of CarDiv Three, also supported this tactic.
- Admiral Soemu Toyoda, the C-in-C of the Imperial Combined Fleet, at first was opposed to the tactic, but he later promoted the organization of units for these operations.
- Vice Admiral Kimpei Teraoka, previous commander of the First Naval Air Fleet, also knew about Defensive operations.
- Rear Admiral Takijiro Ohnishi was head of Naval Aviation in the Munitions and Armaments Ministry and "father" of the Japanese Navy "Kamikaze Corps". He himself took command of the First Air Fleet in the Philippines, shortly after the American landings on Leyte.
- Captain Rikihei Inogushi was adviser of the State Major of First Air Fleet.
- Lieutenant Colonel Asaiki Tamai was an officer expert in Strategics.
- Captain Sakae Yamamoto, high rank officer, Commander of the 201 Air Group, was charged with preparing the Special Unit.
- High Rank Officer Yoshioka, 26th Air Fleet State Major Member, responded to the question of the destructive effects of any Collision of Mitsubishi A6M3 (Model 32), or "Hamp" fighters against American Carriers.
- Lieutenant Yukio Seki, the first official Kamikaze pilot, was assigned by Officer Tamai to be the first direct leader of the first special group called Shimpu, or the Kamikaze Tokubetsu Kogekitai Unit. Officer Seki himself guided these units, which were also divided into "Shikishima", "Yamato", "Asahi", and "Yamazakura" sections. Later, he organized the sixth unit "Giretsu" and decided to use light bombers and other aircraft types in such missions.
- Lieutenant Naoshi Kanno, another commander, was elected to examine how to possibly replace officer Seki in guiding this special mission.
- Captain Tadashi Nakajima, commander of the Mabalacat Air Base, the 201 Air Group home in the Philippines, also entered Special Operations and was first recruiter and trainer of these tactics.
- Lieutenant j.g. Takeshi Shimizu was another expert of Special operations in this base and keeper of some archives related to these tactics.
- Lieutenant j.g. Yoshiyasu Kuno was one of some pilots calling to these operations. He was also in command of the "Yamato" section of the Special group.
- Petty Officer Hiroyoshi Nishizawa, the Japanese Navy's best Air ace with somewhere between 87 and 120 victories, also participated in special operations. He was charged with guiding and escorting the "Shikishima" section in the first Special mission against the American Fleet, and he announced the first success of the strike.
- During the winter of 1944–1945, IJAAF organized the Shinten special unit, who defended the Tokyo metropolitan area along with regular interceptor aircraft, with the base in Narimasu, near the metropolitan area. This unit stayed equipped with Nakajima Ki-44 Shoki "Tojo" fighters for use in collision tactics against USAAF B-29 bombers in their striking incursions over Japan.
- During January 5, 1945, Lieutenant Kanaya guided the special mission of the takeoff of 18 aircraft from the Mabalacat base. At the same time, other groups also took off from the Cebu airbase.
- During the night of January 9–January 10, 1945, the Japanese Army, in coordination with the Japanese Navy in the Philippines, introduced the Maru-Ni (Shin-Yo for the navy) suicide boats to complement their defensive efforts. Their fire was directed against the American Attack Transport Warhawk and Vessel LST-610.
- Petty Officer Goro Yonai was under the command of Lieutenant Yukio Seki during the first mission. PO Yonai was a native of Yamagata, Honshu, born in June 16, 1921, and was also a comrade of PO Tada.
- Pilot and Young petty officer Tomi Zai, in November 25, 1944, at the control of a Mitsubishi A6M, caused severe damage to the American Carrier Intrepid during the Philippines Campaign.
- The last Kamikaze operation in the Philippines was formed by Lieutenant j.g. Nakano, PO Shihara, Captain Nakano, and PO Goto and PO Taniushi. All took off in January 6, 1945 from the Mabalacat Airbase.
- In the Takao Airbase, Formosa, Admiral Ohnishi formed the official second Kamikaze Unit, called "Niitaka", with some Mitsubishi A6M and Yokosuka D4Y, during January 8, 1945.
- Vice Admiral Kimpei Teraoka and 601st Air group Commander Riishi Sugiyama, following the orders of Kamikaze Commander Ohnishi, organized the second special unit "Mitate" in the Airbase previously mentioned during February 16, 1945.
- During March 1945, they organized another special unit called "Azusa", specially formed for striking American units in Ulithi atoll.
- Naval Ensign Ohta suggested to Ohnishi that manned glider bombs, carried to within reach of targets by a mother-plane, should be developed for attacks on enemy shipping. Following his idea, in Konoike, Yokosuka, the 721 Air Corps was formed under the direct command of Lieutenant Commander Goro Nonaka. This was the first unit specialized in the Ohka glider-bomb. The bombs were carried in the Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" Medium bomber. At the same time, under the command of Captain Okamura, who responded to Admiral Matome Ugaki, had other Ohka Bases stay in Kanoya and Toizaki.
- The technical air naval center in Yokosuka arsenal approved and developed Ohta's idea of the Ohka Glider-bomber.
- Lieutenant j.g. Saburo Dohi was an Ohka Pilot and son of Colonel Zazuho Dohi. During August 13, 1945, he himself treated along Ohnishi, continuing the Japanese resistance. Dohi's Ohka are the unique why obtain success in these strikes, and their mother airplane Mitsubishi G4M are the unique in return to airbase.
- Admiral Takeo Tada, colleague and friend of Ohnishi, father of Lieutenant j.g. Keita Tada, was one of the pilots in the first special mission. He was also a knower of special tactics.
- In January 29, 1945, seven Kawasaki Ki-48 "Lily" from the Japanese Army "Shichisi Mitate" Special group, took off from Palembang, Sumatra to strike the British Pacific Fleet.
- In March 1945, some Nakajima Ki-84 Hayate "Frank" of the 58th "Shimbu" Chutai took off from the IJAAF base in the Miyakonojo airfield, Miyazaki prefecture, for Kikusui mission against Americans in the Okinawa campaign.
- During April 6, 1945, in the Okinawa Campaign, Admiral Seiishi Ito led the special action of Superbattleship Yamato, Cruiser Yahaghi and some eight other vessels in Okinawa, in coordination of Kamikaze units.
- In May 8, 1945, the British Royal Navy Carriers HMS Victorious, HMS Formidable and Destroyer HMS Howe suffered some damage during special strikes from Formosa.
- In May 11, 1945, the Tjisadane, a Dutch Merchant ship and unique civil vessel, was the victim of a special striker, but suffered minor damage.
- Some Mitsubishi Ki-67 KAI (Kamikaze type) of 1st Chutai, 7th Sentai IJAAF, took off from Formosa against American Forces in Okinawa during April 1945–July 1945.
- Petty Officer Shiogi Kanako, the "Solitaire Kamikaze", himself, realizing with your Mitsubishi A6M, some one non-coordinate attack from Kamiyama Island (Ryu-Kyu archipelago), against American Cruisers during April 22, 1945.
- In March 20, 1945, the American Submarine Devilfish suffered some strikes at the charge of Japanese Navy aircraft.
- During June-July 1945 Japanese navy attempt to realizing the "Operation ARASHI" (Mountain Storm): The "Seiran" Bombing Special Attack on Ulithi US Navy Base,but later was suspend this plan.
- Some unknown Japanese Navy pilots made further suicide strikes aboard an Aichi D3A2 "Val" against US Navy ships (USS Borie and USS Assault Transport Lagrange) during August 13, 1945.
- During August 1945, Proper Kangde Manchu Emperor assist in quality of honoured guests to a Japanese Army special ceremony in praise of the "Human bullets" (some calling them "banzai charges") and certain infantry "Special volunteers" with explosives, the land equivalent of Kamikaze pilots. Puyi made one speech for the desire to achieve victory in the fight against Red Army forces, suggesting Yasunori Yoshioka, Army adviser in Manchukuo. These units were also used in Alaska, South Pacific Mandate, Iwo Jima and Okinawa defensive Campaigns for Japanese forces. Tanks, trucks and other land vehicles were also used.
- The squadron of the Kwantung Army's Hane Air Unit completed the escort mission for Prince Takeda Tsuneyoshi (a nobility member), with 4 planes in a suicide plunge. Loza, in Commanding the Red Army’s Sherman Tanks, reports an attack by 6 suicide planes on his 46th Tank Brigade, 6th Guards Tank Army, near Tongliao, Manchukuo, in August 19, 1945. One truck was destroyed and a Sherman was damaged.
- Rear Admiral Matome Ugaki, second chief of the Combined Pacific Fleet, realized the last official kamikaze attack, guiding some Yokosuka D4Y Suisei "Judy" Dive bombers of the 701st Air Group against the US Navy Fleet in Okinawa during August 15, 1945.
- Furthermore, some sources report that the Soviet Navy Minesweeping cutter (little minelayer motor boat) KT-152 was sunk by a possibly Japanese Kamikaze (either a Nakajima B5N "Kate" or a Mitsubishi A6M "Zero") aircraft attack on August 18 or August 19, 1945, in the Shumushu area, Kuriles archipelago, during the August Storm Russian Campaign against Japanese territories.
|
|