issue88 限时作品，求砖

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Issue88  第1篇 让砖头来得更猛烈些吧！

限时作品
提纲：有保留的同意
1 科技为ethics提供新的课题，从而影响了科技
2 但是ethics最终决定科技能否运用和对错
3 同理科技影响social customs
4 但是因为不同的社会对同一种科技的运用是不同的，所以是social customs最终决定科技的运用
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Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics.
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As the development of technology has entered a wide range of people's life, some regions of the social customs and ethics overlap with the technological realms. From my standpoint, technologies have exerted profound influence upon the social customs and ethics while it is the latter ones determine the utility of technologies.

For one thing, technological development has largely changed the contents of the ethics, posing novel issues for the ethics. Faced with the appearance of sophisticated instruments and machines that reach beyond the ancestors' imagination, the traditional ethical rules hardly suffice to guide the modern people. Therefore, as the times go by, people of various nations have to expand the boundaries of their ethical rules to cover the issues that new technological development has created. For instance, the medical technologies now enable women to determine whether they should terminate the pregnancy before the child birth. And there has aroused heated worldwide discussion on the validity of abortion since no precedence in the ethical rules could inform individuals whether this policy is right or wrong.

However, although the technologies pose new topics for ethics, technologies could hardly decide the judgment of ethics. To the contrary, it is the ethics that decides whether certain technologies are blessings or curses. Ethics is a state of mind, to distinguish between the vise and virtue, the wrongs and rights. And countless empirical cases indicate that even the same technology would be painted into diverse colors under the background of various ethical rules. Take the previous example of abortion for further discussion. With the topic of validity of abortion put on the table, different nations with various ethical rules make completely different discussions. Some Western countries, whose ethics take the human rights for priority, maintain that abortion is invalid and abortion in non-natural state contradicts the laws. By contrast, in some Eastern nations which attach paramount importance upon controlling population, abortion is widely encouraged as a useful tool to solve their problems. Therefore, technologies could influence ethics to the extent as providing topics while the ethical laws make the final decision.

For another, when it comes to the relation between technologies and social custom, I maintain that technologies, though influencing social customs remarkably, could never determine the latter one. On the one hand, the technologies speed up transportation with the application of Internet, airplanes, metro and trains thus the distance among the nations seems to be diminished. Therefore, with the ease of transportation, people manage spread their social customs as they travel globally. On the other hand, the communication tools including the Internet and television programs, enable individual obtain the information from other countries where they have never been to physically. And the fashion such as the clothing, food culture, and music is transmitted through satellite signals and cables. Therefore, it is common to discover several similarities in social customs in nations with great physical distance and various cultural backgrounds. For instance, the latest outfits showed in the Paris could be perceived in the streets of Tokyo, New York and Sydney within a week, elegantly dressed by young ladies.

However, the same technologies would be applied in various patterns according to the social customs of different nations. Social customs determine human behaviors and some habits, the realms where technologies serve. And the instruments with identical technological principles would have different function in diverse society. For instance, with the microwave oven, American housewife might heat their take-out food while a Chinese mother could steam a sort of traditional Chinese cuisine. In a word, technologies render modern lives faster and more convenient but could hardly erode the foundation of social customs.

In sum, technologies exert profound influence on social customs as well as ethics while it is the ethics and social customs eventually the application of technologies. Hence, even if individuals of different nations apply the same technologies, they are unlikely to be completely identical to each other.