issue48 同主题作文，求拍，必回拍

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TOPIC: ISSUE48 - "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
WORDS: 586          TIME: > 0:45:00          DATE: 2007-3-18

1,反对题目观点
2,individuals在绝大多数情况下还是有不可替代的影响的。如，leaders:George Washington，任两届总统后主动辞职，开创了总统最多任期两届的先例。如果换成另一个人，美国就可能还是君主制国家了。FDR，如果不决定抵抗法西斯的话，谁也不敢说wwII在1945年就能结束。scientists and inventors:galileo,newton,edison，他们的历史成就几乎不靠大众，而靠的是intellegence and creation.
3.可以让历史学家更好地研究和学生更好地学习历史事件。
4.研究individual的同时也在研究大众。例：hitler,ploto,lincoln.
5.in sum...
   
    History books always emphasis on important individuals like great leaders and scientists.Some critics got the idea that it is too much emphasis on individuals that the mass,which may virtually influence the most significant events and trends in history,is neglected.Altough this critics may be right insofar without the mass,the celebrities would not have the opportunities to fulfill their historical contribution.However,I contend that the emphasis on individuals is never too much by a close scrutiny on the individuals' function,the relatively better way to study and learn history and the relationship between study the individuals and the mass.
   
    The first point I would like to contend is that,in my opinion,although in some historical events,the decisive individuals are actually the production of the certain history,and could be substituted by any other individuals as well,however,in most historical events,the learned individuals are so outstanding that without these certain individuals,the historical events in which they were may never occued,or at least were prolonged to a unknow time.Some political and military leaders would be good examples.Without George Washington's individual decision of resigned the position of president after two tours of presidential duty,the America may be still a country of monarchism after the declaration of independence. If president FDR didn't take the action to declear war against German and then the whole union of facism,no one dare to say that the WWII would stop before the year 1945.Suppose if other individuals were taking the place of George Washington and FDR with totally different strategies,the history of America,even the world,would be very different from today's history.To make things extreamer,when the debate turns to science and inventions,places emphasis on individuals are the only available method for historians to study them,since this kind of events are hardly influenced by the mass but only the brains of scientists and inventiors.For example,the phisical scientists Galieo,Newton,the great inventor Edison,made their conspicuous contribution only by their own intellegence and creation,not by the power of mass.

    Besides,place much emphasis on individuals is just the relatively better way for historians to study the most significant events and for students to learn these events.In order to study historical events well,the historians have to appeal to vast materials such as biographies,files,legends,and momoirs which have too few records for the mass.Meanwhile,through mainly study the individuals,the students are able to easily master the pith of history.Can you imagin without mention the great Caesar,anyone can study well the great empire he once built?Virtually,I can hard-impressed a single sansational historical events without the influence of a great leader but just the unorgnized mass.Undue attention to the efforts and contributions of various groups tends to obsure the cause-and-effect relationships with which the study of history is chiefly concerned.

    Thirdly,and may be the most important point,one can also study the multitude well through the study of individuals.There is a close relationship between the individuals and the mass.Usually,the individuals studied is virtually the paragon of the ideology of the mass leaded by them.Hitler standed for the militant race character of the German coevals.Plato's theory reflect the main mind of the people in that time:spiritualism.Through the life process of Lincoln,historians can also research the political and militarical conditions in America of 19th,like the slavary in south and the confliction between north and south,etc.

    In sum,though place more emphasis on individuals may impair the study of the importance of society's influences in history,it actually has more advantages.After all,we have stuied history by the way of emphasising on individuals for thousands of years,which also side-prove that it actually is the best way to study the history.