ARGUMENT140 【勇往直前小组】第二次作业

piemsUID：2245566

ARGUMENT140 - The following appeared in a report of the Committee on Faculty Promotions and Salaries at Elm City University.
"During her seventeen years as a professor of botany, Professor Thomas has proved herself to be well worth her annual salary of $50,000. Her classes are among the largest at the university, demonstrating her popularity among students. Moreover, the money she has brought to the university in research grants has exceeded her salary in each of the last two years. Therefore, in consideration of Professor Thomas' demonstrated teaching and research abilities, we recommend that she receive a $10,000 raise and a promotion to Department Chairperson; without such a raise and promotion, we fear that Professor Thomas will leave Elm City University for another college."

By considering that Professor Thomas' classes are among the largest at Elm City University and she has brought lots of money to the university, the arguer concludes that Professor Thomas has demonstrated popularity among students and great abilities in reaching and research. And the arguer recommends that the university should grant Professor Thomas a $10,000 raise and a promotion to Department Chairperson for fears that the professor may leave the University for another college. This argument appears to be reasonable at first glance; but after a careful consideration, I find there are several flaws in this argument.

To begin with, that the professor's classes are among the largest at the university does not account for her popularity among students. It is highly possible that the professor's classes are completely boring, but so crucial to the students that they have to attend, and coincidently only Professor Thomas teach this subject. So, without further investigation, it is doubtful to conclude that the professor is popular among her students.

Even if Professor Thomas is popular among her students, that cannot explain why she has great abilities in teaching, especially in researching. Possibly, the professor has a special sense of humour, and she often makes up some jokes to entertain her students; then she is welcome among students, but good at teaching, not to mention her abilities in researching, which has nothing to do with her popularity among students or teaching skills.

On the other hand, the mere fact that money she has brought to the university in research grants has exceeded her salary in each of the last two years is also insufficient to substantiate that her research and teaching abilities are strong. The arguer fails to offer other information about the professor's academic ability. Furthermore, assuming she has excellent academic ability, the arguer cannot explain why she will be qualified to be a Department Chairperson.

Finally, the arguer assumes that she will leave the university if she does not receive $10,000 raise in salary and promotion. However, there is no evidence to indicate that she might leave if the university fails to adopt the arguer's recommendation. And after reading the report, the reader may also want to know why it is $10,000, not $500 or $5000.

To sum up, to better support this argument, the arguer have to provide more information about the professor's teaching and researching abilities, and give more concrete reasons to expain why the university should give the professor a $10,000 raise and promotion to prevent her leaving.

提纲：
Argument203 The following appeared in a newspaper feature story.
"At the small, nonprofit hospital in the town of Saluda, the average length of a patient's stay is two days; at the large, for-profit hospital in the nearby city of Megaville, the average patient stay is six days. Also, the cure rate among patients in the Saluda hospital is about twice that of the Megaville hospital. The Saluda hospital has more employees per patient than the hospital in Megaville, and there are few complaints about service at the local hospital. Such data indicate that treatment in smaller, nonprofit hospitals is more economical and of better quality than treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals."

1. These two type of hospitals are in different towns. The patients may vary in different areas.
2. The fact that Saluda hospital has more employees per patient than the hospital in Megaville, and there are few complaints about service at the local hospital is insufficient to substantiate that treatment in smaller, nonprofit hospitals is more economical and of better quality than treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals.

Argument154 The following appeared in the editorial section of a health and fitness magazine.
"In a study of the effects of exercise on longevity, medical researchers tracked 500 middle-aged men over a 20-year period. The subjects represented a variety of occupations in several different parts of the country and responded to an annual survey in which they were asked: How often and how strenuously do you exercise? Of those who responded, the men who reported that they engaged in vigorous outdoor exercise nearly every day lived longer than the men who reported that they exercised mildly only once or twice a week. Given the clear link that this study establishes between longevity and exercise, doctors should not recommend moderate exercise to their patients but should instead encourage vigorous outdoor exercise on a daily basis."

1. The survey is open to doubt.
2. It is obviously not suitable to encourage all the patients to participate in outdoor exercise.

Argument168 Typically, as people age, their bone mass decreases, making them more vulnerable to bone fractures. A recent study concludes that the most effective way to reduce the risk of fractures in later life is to take twice the recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium daily. The three-year study followed a group of French women in their eighties who were nursing-home residents. The women were given daily supplements of twice the recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium. In addition, the women participated in a light weightlifting program. After three years, these women showed a much lower rate of hip fractures than is average for their age.

The survey is problematic:1.French women 2. they were nursing-home residents. 3. participated in a light weightlifting program.

Argument222 The following article appeared in a recent issue of a college newspaper.
"Among all students who graduated from Hooper University over the past five years, more physical science majors than social science majors found permanent jobs within a year of graduation. In a survey of recent Hooper University graduates, most physical science majors said they believed that the prestige of Hooper University's physical science programs helped them significantly in finding a job. In contrast, social science majors who found permanent employment attributed their success to their own personal initiative. Therefore, to ensure that social science majors find permanent jobs, Hooper University should offer additional social science courses and hire several new faculty members who already have national reputations in the social sciences."

1. The survey is insufficient to demonstrate that more physical science majors than social science majors found permanent jobs within a year of graduation:a year of graduation,recent Hooper University graduates, a few students' points of view.
2. The arguer needs more reasons to support his recommendation.

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By considering that Professor Thomas' classes are among the largest at Elm City University and she has brought lots of money to the university, the arguer concludes that Professor Thomas has demonstrated popularity among students and great abilities in reaching and research. And the arguer recommends that the university should grant Professor Thomas a $10,000 raise and a promotion to Department Chairperson for fears that the professor may leave the University for another college. This argument appears to be reasonable at first glance; but after a careful consideration, I find there are several flaws in this argument.（最后几句话太模板了）

To begin with, that the professor's classes are among the largest at the university does not account for her popularity among students. It is highly possible that the professor's classes are completely boring, but so crucial to the students that they have to attend, and coincidently only Professor Thomas teach this subject. So, without further investigation, it is doubtful to conclude that the professor is popular among her students.

Even if Professor Thomas is popular among her students, that cannot explain why she has great abilities in teaching, especially in researching.（这个例子不是用来说明研究能力的很显然） Possibly, the professor has a special sense of humour（humor）, and she often makes up some jokes to entertain her students; then she is welcome among students, but good at teaching,（有幽默感应该也是很会教书的一种反映我觉得） not to mention her abilities in researching, 这个例子不是用来说明研究能力的很显然which has nothing to do with her popularity among students or teaching skills.

On the other hand, the mere fact that the  money she has brought to the university in research grants has exceeded her salary in each of the last two years is also insufficient to substantiate that her research and teaching（这个例子很显然不用来说明教书能力） abilities are strong. The arguer fails to offer other information about the professor's academic ability. Furthermore, assuming she has excellent academic ability, the arguer cannot explain why she will be qualified to be a Department Chairperson. （这个点很好，但是作者是这样解释她应该是DC的，因为她的abilities很好，所以不能说作者不能解释，是不能让人信服）

Finally, the arguer assumes that she will leave the university if she does not receive $10,000 raise in salary and promotion. However, there is no evidence to indicate that she might leave if the university fails to adopt the arguer's recommendation. And after reading the report, the reader may also want to know why it is $10,000, not $500 or $5000.

To sum up, to better support this argument, the arguer have to provide more information about the professor's teaching and researching abilities, and give more concrete reasons to expain why the university should give the professor a $10,000 raise and promotion to prevent her leaving.
总体抓住了所有的问题，但是对文中的fact针对的问题要更加清晰。

joyceningUID：2314914

下载一下吧

joyceningUID：2314914

不好意思啊楼上的附件发错了 是这个 不好意思