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linshao
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发表于 2007-7-23 22:51:59 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

ARGUMENT2 - The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deerhaven Acres to all homeowners in Deerhaven Acres.
"Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the community's yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting."
七年前，附近的Brookville社区的业主实施了一系列关于该社区的庭院应如何布置以及房屋应涂何种颜色的规定。从那以后，Brookville的地产平均价格翻了三番。为使Deerhaven Acres的地产升值，我们也应该对于景观和房屋涂色实施自己的规定。

In this letter, a committee of Deerhaven Acres homeowners recommends that In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, homeowners should adopt their own set restrictions on landscaping and housepainting. To support this recommendation, the committee cites the success case of Brookville community. However, This argument is fraught with vague, oversimplified, and unwarranted assumptions.

First of all, the most essential assumption of this recommend is that Brookville's property value have tripled because they set up some landscaping and housepainting restrictions. However, there are not enough proofs to prove that such methods preceded the price rise, maybe other factors or measures made the values tripled. For instance, if the economy of Brookville has increased quickly and more and more people would lived here in the past seven years, out of question, the rise would jump. So the conclusion may be unwarranted.

In addition, even if assuming Brookville's property value rise is due to the restrictions on landscaping and housepainting, it may be a false analogy between Brookville and Deerhaven that though Deerhaven take the same action, the property value may be not rise. In order to assuming Deerhaven can emulate Brookville, the author should assume all relevant circumstances between Brookville and Deerhaven are essentially the same. However, that’s impossible, thus the recommend is dubious.

Finally, even assuming that restrictions on landscaping and housepainting would increase the property values, perhaps the people of Deerhaven do not like the same style and appearance. Meanwhile, the restrictions may bring other bad result. If so, it is entirely possible that if Deerhaven set up restrictions it may be not worth the candle.

In sum, the recommend is not only logically unsound but also relies on a doubtful analogy as it stands. To better support it, the committee must provide the specific reason responsible for Brookville's property value rise and survey the aspiration of resident.

ARGUMENT178 - The following appeared in the annual report from the president of the National Brush Company.
"In order to save money, we at the National Brush Company have decided to pay our employees for each brush they produce instead of for the time they spend producing brushes. We believe that this policy will lead to the production of more and better brushes, will allow us to reduce our staff size, and will enable the company factories to operate for fewer hours-resulting in savings on electricity and security costs. These changes will ensure that the best workers keep their jobs and that the company will earn a profit in the coming year."

为节省开支，我们National Brush公司决定不再按员工生产刷子的工时支付工资，而是按他们生产刷子的数量来支付。我们相信这一政策将会导致刷子产量和质量的提高，将会减少我们的员工数量，并将会使工厂能够减少运营时间从而导致电费和保安费用的节省。这些改革将保证那些最好的工人留在这里工作，公司将会在来年有更多的盈利。

1．按时间算是一个方便的方法，按个数算得有很多人去计每个工人的工作量。另外制作是否由一个工人全部完成，否则这种方式是有问题的；
2．该方法可能会使生产数量增加，但是质量不一定会提高啊，工人追求数量多，质量必然不能保证了，将会导致销售量下降，利润不保；
3．减少了员工数量，运营时间缩短了，产量怎么保证啊？
4．改革剩下的工人未必是最好的，而是工作最快的，质量未必最好；
ARGUMENT161 - In a study of reading habits of Leeville citizens conducted by the University of Leeville, most respondents said they preferred literary classics as reading material. However, a follow-up study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Leeville was the mystery novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading habits.

在一次由Leeville大学所举行的关于Leeville居民阅读习惯的调查中，多数被访者说他们倾向于阅读古典文学。然而，由相同的研究人员随后进行的调查发现Leeville所有公共图书馆中最经常被借阅的书是神秘小说。因此，我们可以得出结论，第一次调查的被访者错误地表达了他们的阅读习惯

1．mystery novel有一部分可以归在古典文学里；

2．公共图书馆不是唯一的书源。居民可以买，也可以去私人图书馆。有可能是因为公共图书馆里古典小说藏量不丰富，或是神话小说过多而造成的，居民只是借来看看而已；

3．第二次研究时间多长，有可能只是暂时现象。

ARGUMENT202 - Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct. Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species' extinctions, because there is no evidence that the humans had any significant contact with the mammals. Further, archaeologists have discovered numerous sites where the bones of fish had been discarded, but they found no such areas containing the bones of large mammals, so the humans cannot have hunted the mammals. Therefore, some climate change or other environmental factor must have caused the species' extinctions.
大约7000年前人类到达了Kaliko岛，在3000年内曾经生活在Kaliko岛的树林中的大型哺乳动物绝大多数已经灭绝了。然而人类并不是导致这些物种灭绝的因素，因为没有证据表明人类与这些哺乳动物有很多接触。而且，考古学家发现一些有大量鱼骨被抛弃的场所，而他们并没有发现存在大型哺乳动物骨头的类似场所，因而人类并没有猎杀这些哺乳动物。因此，一定是一些气候上的变化或其他环境因素导致了这些物种的灭绝。
1．没有接触也能造成灭绝，人类破坏食物链，污染等等也能造成动物灭绝；
2．没有发现有遗弃骨头的地方，不证明不猎杀。有可能只带肉回来，把骨头做成了装饰品或者烧掉了。
3．就算不是人直接造成了动物的灭绝，但是肯定和人脱不了端溪。
ARGUMENT133 - The following is a memo from the principal of Academia High School.
"Academia High School should abolish its after-school performing-arts programs and replace them with computer-technology programs. When nearby Techno High School did so last year, total enrollment in all of its after-school activities remained about the same. Moreover, on entering college, many Techno students chose a major directly related to their after-school activities. On the other hand, last year only 10 percent of Academia's graduating seniors chose performing arts as their major field of study in their first year of college, clearly indicating that most students do not have a strong interest in the performing arts."
Academia高中应该废止其课外表演艺术课程而应该以计算机科技课程取而代之。当附近的Techno高中去年采取了这种变化之后，其所有课外活动的参加数量基本没变。而且，很多Techno的学生在走进大学的时候选择了与他们所参加的课外活动直接相关的专业。另一方面，去年Academia的毕业生中只有10％的人选择表演艺术作为他们大学第一年的专业，这显然表明多数学生对于表演艺术并没有很强烈的兴趣。
1．论断里没有学生的声音，论者可能根本没有问过学生。没有学生说对于表演艺术没有兴趣而对计算机有兴趣。
2．A校与T校的对比不能说明问题。首先，两校在师资、设备及学生等方面都有差异，比如T校在计算机教育上比A校有优势，而A校在表演艺术培训力量又比T校有经验，还有可能对计算机感兴趣的学生都选择去了T校，而选择A校的学生都是对文课有兴趣的，他们都对表演艺术而不是计算机更有兴趣。其次，论者选择的标准不合适，论者选用学生在大学里的专业选择作为学生是否对各自的课后活动项目有兴趣，这不准。因为选择专业学生更多地考虑的是今后的工作，比如薪水、就业机会等等，兴趣并不是他们选择专业的唯一或最主要标准。而选择电脑作专业而不是表演艺术，更可能是因为电脑的就业机会比表演艺术广，应用泛范大。而他们完全可能对表演艺术仍有浓厚的兴趣。毕竟课后活动是为培养学生的兴趣，而不是要对他们进行生存技能培训。
3．10%的A校学生选择了表演艺术作专业，即意味着他们将以此为今后的职业。考虑到表演艺术的就业机会比电脑小很多，这已经是一个不小的比例。这部分学生的要求不容忽视。
4．论者在没有了解学生意见的情况下，是不可能知道学生到底对什么感兴趣。是否要改变课后活动的内容，论者还是应该听听他们的意见并综合本校的教师力量再做决定。

[ 本帖最后由 linshao 于 2007-7-24 02:14 编辑 ]

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沙发

发表于 2007-7-24 16:49:05 |只看该作者

In this letter, a committee of Deerhaven Acres homeowners recommends that In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, homeowners should adopt their own set restrictions on landscaping and housepainting. To support this recommendation, the committee cites the success case of Brookville community. However, This argument is fraught with vague, oversimplified, and unwarranted assumptions. （挺好的句子） 
 
First of all, the most essential assumption of this recommend is that Brookville's property value have tripled because they set up some landscaping and housepainting restrictions. However, there are not enough proofs to prove that such methods preceded the price rise, maybe other factors or measures made the values tripled. For instance, if the economy of Brookville has increased quickly and more and more people would lived here in the past seven years, out of question, the rise would jump. So the conclusion may be  unwarranted. 
 
In addition, even if assuming Brookville's property value rise is due to the restrictions on landscaping and housepainting, it may be a false analogy between Brookville and Deerhaven that though Deerhaven take the same action, the property value may be not rise. In order to assuming Deerhaven can emulate Brookville, the author should assume all relevant circumstances between Brookville and Deerhaven are essentially the same. However, that’s impossible(最好别用这这么绝对的词哦）, thus the recommend is dubious. 
 
Finally, even assuming that restrictions on landscaping and housepainting would increase the property values, perhaps the people of Deerhaven do not like the same style and appearance. Meanwhile, the restrictions may bring other bad result. If so, it is entirely possible that if Deerhaven set up restrictions it may be not worth the candle（什么意思，没看太懂这句话,candle,蜡烛？）. 
 
In sum, the recommend is not only logically unsound but also relies on a doubtful analogy as it stands. To better support it, the committee must provide the specific reason responsible for Brookville's property value rise and survey the aspiration of resident. 
 
 
不错，逻辑错误都找到了，觉得这篇argument的逻辑错误虽然不难找，但是有点少，所以也不是太好写 
 


[ 本帖最后由高加索于 2007-7-24 16:50 编辑 ]

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