issue48 『勇往直前小组』第五次作业linshao

linshaoUID：2338229

ISSUE48 - "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
历史研究过于关注个人。历史上最有意义的事件和潮流能够成为可能不是因为几个少数的名人而是一些身份早就被淡忘的人群。
Famous individuals, normal groups of people, who play the more important function in changing our history? The author chooses the latter one. But I think that both of them are important to our history.

Retrospecting the history, a long list of names fill in our mind, some greatest, some most evil, these people directly setting one after another crucial moment in the history. Some of them are academicians, some of them are philosophiers, some of them are politicians. For instance, without Watt, the Industrial Revolution will not come; without the Wright brothers, people travel just by automobile or train. These great cannot be replaced by normal people.

When it comes to politics, individuals' influence is direct, whereas normal groups of people are determinant. As the great revolution in history, like American civil war, without Washington, however, the war would not come, maybe the US is still a country as Australia, a part of Commonwealth of Nations. In contrast, without the help of groups of people, only Washington and his fellows could never win any one battle against the England government. The wars, the revolutions were led by those famous, research made on them is the most important way to understand the cause of these events. So study history, is a process of study the famous.

Admittedly, the groups of people who join the movements as the war, contributed large part of historical trends, every events in history can not without them. Without people, the leaders, these historical individuals, can not make any achievement or any destroy to the world. As Mao Zedong once said that people is all the things, without people he could do nothing. Mao led the Chinese people especially peasants who were the poorest and the inferior class, to overturn the old society and built up new China. Without the people, no matter how distinguished the individual was, he can not make anything to change the history. However, when we research the history, it is impossible to research everyone of the normal people in the groups, but we have not forgotten them. Many stories about our normal soldiers, we try to remember them by some typical one. The history can only remember the only few of them, but it is not to say they had little contribution.

In sum, both the common people and famous figures are very important in the study of history and only through constructing a balance on the two research subjects of the history study can historians get the complete information of the history.

提纲:
ISSUE54 - "History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today."
历史只教会了我们一件事：了解过去无助于人们今天作出重要的决定。
1．我们可以从学习过去中了解自己，了解这个社会。而且现在很多事情发生的原因都是来自过去，要解决现在问题，我们要了解过去。
2．我们可以从中吸取灵感，以便做更大的进步。社会要取得进步，人们必须知道过去的成功，过去的失败，以及还有什么是没做的，什么需要改变的，过去资源丰富，我们可以避免错误，我们从中汲取灵感和力量。很多艺术家都是这样的。
3．我们可以找到精神归属，不至于在当今社会迷失自己。现在各种物质吸引的东西多，人们很容易迷失自己，找不到方向感。

ISSUE120 - "So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."
现代社会是如此的崭新和复杂以至于回首了解过去对于当代生活已经没有太大帮助了。
1、在现代社会，科技的进步导致传统观念和过去人类积累的经验都面临挑战。
2、尽管如此，历史的重要指导作用仍然不能忽视，一方面，历史帮助人类了解社会发展的规律
3、另一方面，历史中的大量教训提醒人们不要重蹈覆辙
4、现代人们应当正确看待历史，尽管表面上看来，现代社会的新型和复杂性是古代社会不具备的，但是本质上，都是人类社会发展中的各个台阶，应当符合历史发展的客观规律。
ISSUE221 - "The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."
研究历史最大的好处就是打破了这种假象：不同时代的人们之间基本上是完全不同的。
1、历史的确消除了人们自己比前人优越许多的幻觉。
2、历史让现代人以自己的眼光诠释古代人，表面上看是为了让人们寻找他们与古人的共性，但其实相反，历史更注重寻找不同时代人之间区别
3、首先，历史让人们认识古人的智慧和处理问题时总结出来的方法，以此指导现代人进行发展
4、其次，历史让现代人认识古人的缺陷和教训，避免重蹈覆辙

ISSUE190 - "As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate-and, perhaps, even cruel-when one considers all the potential uses of such money."
一旦人们陷于饥饿、失业或者缺乏谋生的基本技能，运用公共资源去扶持艺术是很不恰当的——并且甚至是残的——尤其明知这些资金所有可能的用途。
1、在特殊情况下降低艺术的优先级，或者推迟对于艺术的部分资助是有必要的，因为没有人愿意在缺乏生活基本条件的前提下来欣赏音乐或者是著名的油画。首先，公众资源中的大部分来自公民的税收，但是政府没有能力解决人们的生活问题，人们也没有能力同时也不愿意交付税金的。其次，艺术的发展应当和国家经济、政治等方面保持同步，如果艺术过于超前经济和其他方面，减少艺术的资助放到发展经济上来是完全正确的
2、表面上看，艺术和人们生活距离很远，但其实，人类的生命和追求并不只是为了避免挨饿，人类在精神上的需求同样必不可少，艺术同样是组成人类社会中不可缺少的
3、首先，艺术能够帮助社会的稳定和政府宣传他的政策
4、其次，艺术作为人类精神的寄托，还可以给人们带来灵感，并帮助人们化解压力以及焦虑的情绪。


[ 本帖最后由 linshao 于 2007-7-25 01:00 编辑 ]

高加索UID：2246937

Famous individuals, normal groups of people, who play the more important function in changing our history? The author chooses the latter one. But I think that both of them are important to our history.（我发现你这种疑问句的开头写得挺好的，这种开头我发现论点显得比较清楚）

Retrospecting the history（retrospect 好词）, a long list of names fill in our mind, some greatest, some most evil, these people directly setting one after another crucial moment in the history. Some of them are academicians, some of them are philosophiers, some of them are politicians. For instance, without Watt, the Industrial Revolution will not come; without the Wright brothers, people travel just by automobile or train. These great cannot be replaced by normal people. （觉得这一段的论述有一点点乱，发慌的感觉)

When it comes to politics, individuals' influence is direct, whereas normal groups of people are determinant. As the great revolution in history, like American civil war, without Washington, however, the war would not come, maybe the US is still a country as Australia, a part of Commonwealth of Nations. In contrast, without the help of groups of people, only Washington and his fellows could never win any one battle against the England government（你这一段要论证的是伟人在历史事件的发生中起的作用吧？加上这句人民力量的话可能不太清楚吧）. The wars, the revolutions were led by those famous, research made on them is the most important way to understand the cause of these events. So study history, is a process of study the famous.

Admittedly, the groups of people who join the movements as the war, contributed large part of historical trends, every events in history can not （happen？） without them. Without people, the leaders, these historical individuals, can not make any achievement or any destroy to the world. As Mao Zedong once said that people is all the things, without people he could do nothing. Mao led the Chinese people especially peasants who were the poorest and the inferior class, to overturn the old society and built up new China. Without the people, no matter how distinguished the individual was, he can not make anything to change the history. However, when we research the history, it is impossible to research everyone of the normal people in the groups, but we have not forgotten them. Many stories about our normal soldiers, we try to remember them by some typical one. The history can only remember the only few of them, but it is not to say they had little contribution. （建议别具毛主席做例子哦，反正这种例子在美国也有，不知道阅卷的知不知道毛泽东呢）

In sum, both the common people and famous figures are very important in the study of history and only through constructing a balance on the two research subjects of the history study can historians get the complete information of the history.（结尾这句比较精练，论点清楚）

论点比较清晰，具体的论证过程中，有些地方可能还要精确一些。
这个大类的issue实在是让我太绝望了，就是用中文都不知道怎么说的。。。

strontium023UID：2316968

Famous individuals, normal groups of people, who play the more important function in changing our history? The author chooses the latter one. But I think that both of them are important to our history.(设问开头好.简洁,清晰)

Retrospecting(好词) the history, a long list of names fill in our mind, some greatest, some most evil, these people directly setting one after another crucial moment in the history. Some of them are academicians, some of them are philosophiers, some of them are politicians. For instance, without Watt, the Industrial Revolution will not come; without the Wright brothers, people travel just by automobile or train. These great cannot be replaced by normal people. (感觉这种形式不错,很清晰.有节奏感.)

When it comes to politics, individuals' influence is direct, whereas normal groups of people are determinant. As the great revolution in history, like American civil war, without Washington, however, the war would not come(我觉得这里用抗争更好,因为war给人感觉总是非正义的), maybe the US is still a country as Australia(觉得作文A的一个国家用as不太好,换个动词的分词形式会比较好.), a part of Commonwealth of Nations. In contrast,(觉得前面用让步的语气比较好,重在强调后面.) without the help of groups of people, only Washington and his fellows could never win any one battle against the England government. The wars, the revolutions were led by those famous, research made on them is the most important way to understand the cause of these events. So study history, is a process of study the famous.

Admittedly, the groups of people who join the movements as the war, contributed large part of historical trends, every events in history can not without them(这里好象有chiglish的嫌疑啊,呵呵). Without people, the leaders, these historical individuals, can not make any achievement or any destroy to the world. As Mao Zedong (可能说Chairman Mao知道的人会更多些)once said that people is all the things, without people he could do nothing. Mao led the Chinese people especially peasants who were the poorest and the inferior class, to overturn the old society and built up new China. Without the people, no matter how distinguished the individual was, he can not make anything to change the history. However, when we research the history, it is impossible to research everyone of the normal people in the groups, but we have not forgotten them. Many stories about our normal soldiers, we try to remember them by some typical one. The history can only remember the only few of them, but it is not to say they had little contribution.

In sum, both the common people and famous figures are very important in the study of history and only through constructing a balance on the two research subjects of the history study can historians get the complete information of the history.
小结:觉得L整体辨证的思路挺值得学习的,昨天我就想不到怎样辨证着写,只好写反啊反啊反,觉得issue还是有正有反会比较好一些,more critical.呵呵,continue fighting!