argument131 [0710G summer] by niuzhist

niuzhistUID: 2363220

TOPIC: ARGUMENT131 - The following appeared in an environmental newsletter published in Tria Island.
"The marine sanctuary on Tria Island was established to protect certain marine mammals. Its regulations
ban dumping and offshore oil drilling within 20 miles of Tria, but fishing is not banned. Currently many
fish populations in Tria's waters are declining, a situation blamed on pollution. In contrast, the marine
sanctuary on Omni Island has regulations that ban dumping, offshore oil drilling, and fishing within 10
miles of Omni and Omni reports no significant decline in its fish populations. Clearly, the decline in
fish populations in Tria's waters is the result of overfishing, not pollution. Therefore, the best way
to restore Tria's fish populations and to protect all of Tria's marine wildlife is to abandon our regulations
and adopt those of Omni."
提纲：1.(前提错误)鱼量下降一定是因为过度捕捞。
      没有说明捕鱼者的数量。这段时间内捕鱼量是否在增加。
      还可能有别的原因。可能是某种新的大型鱼类入侵，或是鱼的食物大量减少。
      2.(前提错误)鱼量下降不是因为污染。
     也许水质仍发生了变化。20mile内没有污染，可能是20mile外的污染漂进来了。
     可能是水体富营养化(eutrophication)，导致藻类大量繁殖，消耗过多氧气，最终使鱼类大量死亡。
     3．(类比错误)T和O两地有许多不同。
     海域的鱼群种类不同。日照的强度不同，温度不同，导致鱼的食物量不同。
     也许T地10mile内就没鱼，采用O的方法也没用。

WORDS: 402          TIME: 00:29:51          DATE: 2007-7-27 下午 04:04:18

In the author's argument, he makes the conclusion that in order to restore Tria' s fish populations
and to protect all of Tria' s marine wildlife, we should abandon our regulations and adopt those of
Omni. Based on unfounded assumptions and illogical evidence, the conclusion drawn by the arguer is
specious for me which suffered from several mistakes.
First of all, the arguer provide no evidence that the decline in fish populations is mainly attributable
to the overfishing . It is equally likely that many other possible reasons can result in the decline in
fish populations. The author do not give any detailed information about the number of the fishers in Tria
island, and whether the number of fish fished by the fishers really increases .It is entirely possible that
a new species with big appetite invades into this area and eat a lot fish there ,Or the food on which the
fish feed, suddenly decrease recently, both of which can
cause the decline in the fish populations.  Without ruling out these possibilities, I can not easily be
convinced  that the author's conclusion is plausible.
Besides, the author also comes to the conclusion relied on another assumption that the decline in fish is
not due to pollution. There is a chance that the water is polluted by some other factors which the author
may not address to us. Perhaps, there is no pollution within 20 miles, but this fact does not mean that the
pollution dropped 20 miles away may drift slowly into this area. Or perhaps, the eutrophication happens there
and thus the seaweeds there mutiply excessively. By consuming the oxygen the fish live on, the more the seaweeds
are, the fewer the fish is. Unless giving more information about the circumstances of the water, the assumption
the author relies on is untenable.
Thirdly, the differences between the Tria island and the Omni island which have an important influence on the
conclusion must be taken into account. It is possible that the species with their own features in the two places
are different .There are also some different factors which exert an principal effect on the quantity of the fish
such as diverse extent of sunshine  in the two places and the various temperature responsible for the quantity of
the food fish feed on. Without addressing the other possible reasons ,I am still suspicious of the author's conclusion.
To sum up ,the author's conclusion is unpersuasive as it stands. In order to make the author's claims more cogent,
he should supply more information about the different states of the two islands, the concrete pollution in the two
areas ,the species of the fish and the quantities of fish there.

你觉得A要写多少字呢？我觉得我最多能写个450多，时间就不够用了，是不是字数少的分就低？




TOPIC: ISSUE157 - "There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All
observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or
desires."
WORDS: 481          TIME: 00:56:38          DATE: 2007-7-27 下午 08:33:52
提纲：从某方面来说，纯粹的客观观察是存在的。
1．在一定的角度上，纯粹的客观观察是存在的。
已被证明的科学结论，一些常识性问题，一些研究成果是客观的。
2。在一定的角度上，纯粹的客观观察是不存在的。
不同的人对同一事物有着不同的看法。
很多著名的画家的作品，是死后才被后世人视为珍品的。
3．客观与主观的观察是相对的，在一定的条件下可以互相转化。
随着时间的发展，一些曾经正确的科学理论被证明是错误的。
例子：时间是不变的，被爱因斯坦的相对论否定。
衡量主观与客观的标准是由人规定的，同一论断，有些人认为是主观的，有些则认为是客观的。

In the author's view, he comes to the convention that all observation is subjective
rather than objective which is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires.
However,as far as I am concermed , I contend that the objective observation exists in
some aspects based on some realist evidence.
First and foremost, it is reasonable to think that the objective observation remains real
around us. Most of the conclusions made by us stem from the observation of the surroundings.
The common sense tells us that the earth is more likely to be a ball instead of a cube which
was verified by many brave adventurers, that things often fall off from the high places to
the low ones near the earth which was substantiated by the discovery of the law of universal
gravitation, and that phenomenon of sun rises in the east and falls in the west cycles everyday.
We must admit that many other data from some scientific study is also objective.Simple and minimal
as the example shows us that there is such thing as objective observation, if not, the progress of
science during the last thousands of years may be undermined thoroughly.
On the other hand, it is obvious that there is no purely objective observation which can be
felt by us in our daily lives. We frequently draws our conclusion by our inclinations,wishes
or passion on impusle.And the most common thing we face is the fact that different people
have various perspective towards the same thing such as the different reactions to the same
incident, the various preference to the same leading actor in a movie and diverse understanding
of the same poesy. Moreover, many artists,especially the painters , are regarded as one of the
most eminent ones in history after their death because their paintings were ahead of that times
which renders the contemporary populaces hard to accept their special styles. So, most of the
observation which are attributable to the observer's expectations or desires is subjective.
Last but not least, the subjective observation and the objective one may change thoroughly from
one to another in some senses. The standard which is used to differentiate the subjective and the
objective observation is made by people themselves. Thus ,the standard can be regarded as to be
subjective in some aspects. Furthermore, the history shows us that some once scientific theory from
objective analysis which lasted for many years may be proved totally false by later further objective
reasoning. It is natural to assert that the time is unchangeable from any aspect, but Einstein's
theory of relativity ruins the so-called immortal truth. As a matter of fact, it is entirely possible
that Einstein's new theory which is served as to be objective today have some immanent shortcomings
that may make it a subjective one in the furture. So, we can not distinguish entirely between
the two types of observations sometimes.
To sum up, I prefer to the claim that there is some objective observation around us in some aspects.
Even though the author's contention is rational to some extent, the technology and science ensue the
existence of the objective observation which really exist sometime and somewhere.

写完才发现用词还是那样匮乏，唉！！！

[ 本帖最后由 niuzhist 于 2007-7-27 21:21 编辑 ]

sanliangmmUID: 2363921

1.A我觉得450字够了八，我也差不多阿，并不是字数的问题，这个主要看你的逻辑思维能力与论证把
2.说实话，我觉得这个题目特别难讲啊，当时列提纲就花了很长时间，不过我看你这样写还挺好的，思路挺好的，我就没想到，而且我觉得你第三段将艺术作品就很好，我当时一点都没想到这个方面
3.语言的话，我觉得这篇比前几篇好 immanent用得真好 我就只知道intrinsic 赫赫 有很大进步啊！加油~~
4。上次好像谁和我说，last but not least是口语，不应该放到文章里头，我都不敢用了

总之，我觉得你这篇issue写得很好~argu我也没得挑

[ 本帖最后由 sanliangmm 于 2007-7-28 09:46 编辑 ]