issue88 [0710G summer] by niuzhist

niuzhistUID: 2363220

TOPIC: ISSUE88 - "Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."
WORDS: 578          TIME: 00:54:44          DATE: 2007-7-30 下午 05:39:44
提纲：
关键词：technologies，social customs and ethics
观点： technologies  只是影响 social customs and ethics，但不决定它们。
1．科技的发展在过去的几个世纪中，给人类文明带来了巨大的财富。
   物质上：人们的生活更加方便了，生活资料非常丰富。社会在向自动化(automation)，信息化(informationization)发展。
   精神上：整个社会的教育水平有了显著提高，人们获取知识的途径更多了。人类对世界的了解更多了，更深了。许多新兴学科（subject）相继创立。
2．科技的发展对social customs的影响。
   例子：服饰的发展伴随着科技的发展。
   17世纪的欧洲女服上身是紧身衣（straitjacket），下裙大部分仍采用裙撑（pannier）。18世纪，裙撑和紧身衣十分流行，大裙撑使妇女活动非常不便。随着钢丝弹簧  （steel wire and spring）的出现，人们设计出后裙撑（new pannier），使妇女们终于可以自如地坐在椅子上了。18世纪末，女服开始趋向简朴。随着交通的发展，户外活动  （Outdoor activities ）和旅行的增加，更轻便（light）的女性服装也逐渐出现。19世纪末，随着妇女地位的提高，少数妇女像男子一样开始穿长裤（trousers）。缝纫机  （sartorius）开始广泛用于服装制作，服装工厂在欧美大量出现，促使服装更进一步地简洁化。
     杂例：妇女地位在近代社会有所改变。工业革命使机器生产中男女工人的体力差异基本上不起作用，为妇女工作开辟了一个新时代，
3．科技的发展对social ethics的影响。
  例子1：当前的伦理道德状况不容乐观，计算机网络的黑客（hacker）、病毒、垃圾和不健康信息等问题发人深省（thorough thought）。
例子2：对公平观的挑战。人生来就是平等的，即使个人所处的家境，社会的经济水平的不同使不同的人享受到了不同的权利。但生命科学的发展，特别是关于基因理论的研究，    却给这种最基本的公平观的破坏提供了可能。因为科学家可以通过对新生儿的基因研究 ，来预测一个人未来的智商，疾病，品格。
4．科技的发展只对它们有影响，但不起决定作用。
影响social customs and ethics形成的原因有很多，比如地理位置，气候，文化，科技教育水平，甚至使一些特定的历史事件或历史人物。它们是多种原因共同导致的。同时我   们对科技所带来的好的影响应该坚持与发扬，对科技所带来的不良影响必须加以抵制，保证其在人类的法律与道德所允许的范围内。

In the author's view, he asserts that technologies not only influence but actually determine social
customs and ethics. As soon as I am concerned, I agree partly with the author's claim. It is true that
technologies exert a great influence on social customs and ethics, however, the author overstate the
function of the technologies on them. As a matter of fact, social customs and ethics are determined by
many complex factors.
First of all, the development of technologies during the last several centuries brings us sufficient wealth.
On the one side, followed by the ample living materials, technologies supply more opportunities for us to
enjoy entertainment. The automation and informationization are the new trend of modern society. On the other
side, the general level of the whole populace rises to a higher situation. With a more systematic and comprehensive
study of our world, lots of new subjects are founded. So, with the advancement of the technologies which are
involved into every aspects of our lives, social customs and ethic must be influenced to some extent.
Secondly, technologies have a impressive influence on our social customs.

The history informs us that the changing of our clothes follows with the advancement of technologies. In the
17th century, most European women wore straitjacket and pannier. This fashion prevailed in the 18th century,
while the big pannier gave rise to a lot of trouble for women's movement. Until the invention of steel wire and
spring which resulted in the advent of a new type of pannier ,women could sit down on the chairs comfortably. In
the end of the  18th century, more convenient transportation contributed to the advent of the light clothes .In
the end of the 19th century, the fact that sartorius were widely used in making clothes propelled the foundation
of many clothing-making factories which were attributable to the more simple and light clothes. Thus, every new
reform on the clothes associates with the use of the new technologies. Because of this, more changes about social
customs will definitely occur during our New century.

Thirdly, technologies also have a profound influence on our social ethics. With the development of internet and
biological science, more serious problems which have a great impact on our social ethics than ever before need us
to handled with correctly. We must face the fact that when we benefit a lot from the internet, we must, at the same
time, confront the issues such as the hacker, virus, waste and unhealthy information prevailing on the internet. As
is known to all, every person was born equally even though the differences of the living conditions and local economic
levels may give various people their owe devious privileges. However ,the progress of the genome provide a possibility
that the fundamental equality may be ruined thoroughly. By means of confirming the genes of the new babies, scientists
can predict the intelligence, the diseases babies may get and even their character in the future. So, this  means the
end of the biological equality which was regarded as the most basic human rights. Because of this, the impact on our
social ethics brought by the technologies may continue to break up more elementary standards which human can stand with.
Last but not least, there are many factors should be taken into account which may lead to the final formation of social
customs and ethics. The weather, geographical location, culture, education, and even a great hero or some coincident events
may contribute to social customs and ethics. What we should do is to retain the good effect taken by technologies, and more
importantly, confine the bad effect to the field of our basic laws and ethical standards.

To sum up, I admit undoubtedly that technologies really take a great influence on our social customs and ethics, however,
it does not serve to determine social customs and ethics which grow out of a compound of lots of factors.

sanliangmmUID: 2363921

In the author's view, he asserts that technologies not only influence but actually determine social
customs and ethics. As soon as I am concerned, I agree partly with the author's claim. It is true that
technologies exert a great influence on social customs and ethics, however, the author overstate the
function of the technologies on them. As a matter of fact, social customs and ethics are determined by
many complex factors.

First of all, the development of technologies during the last several centuries brings us sufficient wealth.
On the one side, followed by the ample living materials, technologies supply more opportunities for us to
enjoy entertainment. The automation and informationization are the new trend of modern society. On the other
side, the general level of the whole populace rises to a higher situation. With a more systematic and comprehensive
study of our world, lots of new subjects are founded. So, with the advancement of the technologies which are
involved into every aspects of our lives, social customs and ethic must be influenced to some extent.（我觉得你这段不如少写点，有时间再倒数第二段多论述以下为什么科技不能决定道德 还有什么其他因素 比较全面 思想也会深刻）

Secondly, technologies have a impressive influence on our social customs.The history informs us that the changing of our clothes follows with the advancement of technologies. In the 17th century, most European women wore straitjacket and pannier. This fashion prevailed in the 18th century, while the big pannier gave rise to a lot of trouble for women's movement. Until the invention of steel wire and
spring which resulted in the advent of a new type of pannier ,women could sit down on the chairs comfortably. In the end of the  18th century, more convenient transportation contributed to the advent of the light clothes .In the end of the 19th century, the fact that sartorius were widely used in making clothes propelled the foundation of many clothing-making factories which were attributable to the more simple and light clothes. Thus, every new reform on the clothes associates with the use of the new technologies. Because of this, more changes about social customs will definitely occur during our New century.

Thirdly, technologies also have a profound influence on our social ethics. With the development of internet and
biological science, more serious problems which have a great impact on our social ethics than ever before need us
to handled with(handle with) correctly. We must face the fact that when we benefit a lot from the internet, we must, at the same
time, confront the issues such as the hacker, virus, waste and unhealthy information prevailing on the internet. As
is known to all, every person was born equally even though the differences of the living conditions and local economic
levels may give various people their owe devious privileges. However ,the progress of the genome provide a possibility
that the fundamental equality may be ruined thoroughly. By means of confirming the genes of the new babies, scientists
can predict the intelligence, the diseases babies may get and even their character in the future. So, this  means the
end of the biological equality which was regarded as the most basic human rights. Because of this, the impact on our
social ethics brought by the technologies may continue to break up more elementary standards which human can stand with.

Last but not least, there are many factors should be taken into account which may lead to the final formation of social
customs and ethics. The weather, geographical location, culture, education, and even a great hero or some coincident events
may contribute to social customs and ethics. What we should do is to retain the good effect taken by technologies, and more
importantly, confine the bad effect to the field of our basic laws and ethical standards.(也可以提一下基于人类本性之类的)

To sum up, I admit undoubtedly that technologies really take a great influence on our social customs and ethics, however,
it does not serve to determine social customs and ethics which grow out of a compound of lots of factors.