argument145 『勇往直前小组』第十一次作业linshao

linshaoUID：2338229

ARGUMENT145 - A new study collected data that shows that people who snore are more likely to gain weight than are people who do not snore. It is well known that many people who snore also stop breathing frequently during the night for a few seconds, a condition called sleep apnea. The interruption of breathing wakes the person-often so briefly that the waking goes unnoticed-and can leave the person too tired during the day to exercise. Anyone who snores, therefore, should try to eat less than the average person and to exercise more.

一项新的调查所收集的数据显示打呼噜的人比不打呼噜的人更容易长胖。我们知道很多打呼噜的人夜间也经常有数秒钟的呼吸停顿，这种现象被称为睡眠呼吸中断。这种呼吸的停顿导致本人醒来--通常十分短暂以至于不被察觉--并且会使本人在白天很累而无力锻炼。因此，所有打呼噜的人都应该比正常人少吃多锻炼。

In this argument, the author suggests that person who snores should try to eat less than the average person and to exercise more because they are more likely to gain weight. However, careful scrutiny of this argument reveals some dubious assumptions render it unconvincing.

In the first place, the author makes a dubious assumption that the people who gain weight are caused by snoring. However, there is no evidence to show that cause-effect relationship. It is possible that the author makes the opposite relationship, because we often find those fat people are more likely to snore. It is no information about the living habit of these people. One person who doesn’t snore sleeping more and eating more, meanwhile, doing few exercises, will become fat. Without more detailed information about the subjects in study, we can not get the conclusion that snore can cause the high rate to gain weight.

Moreover, the author unfairly assumes that snore can make the person too tired during the day to exercises. However, there is no evidence to demonstrate that interruption of breathing can make people have less sleep. Even granted the interruption has negative effective on people, one can still sleep more than average people for compensation. So with out the sleeping time of these subjects, we cannot regard them as tried. Besides, no evidence can support that people who tired from less sleep do few exercises. Even granted that they may do fewer exercise, it is still insufficient to illustrate that they will gain more weight. Common sense informs us that people who always have little sleep will be more like to loss weight for their bad health condition.

Furthermore, even granted that snores do make people gain weight, the author's suggestion that everyone who snores should be afraid of gain weight is still unsound. Maybe someone with thin body needs to gain more weight. Perhaps some sports athletes as basketball centre forward need to gain weight for better performance in the match. So such people might not accept the suggestion the author makes. Besides, to others, who have insufficient sleep, if eating less and do more exercises, can their bodies bear that? It is highly possible that it will cause more serious illness than fat.

In sum, the argument is unconvincing as it stands. To better support it, the author should provide us more information about the true reason why those people are more likely to gain weight. To strengthen it, the author also needs to inform us the real mechanism of the snore to fatigue. If the author's conclusion is right, he should suggest it only to the people who do not want to gain weight.

提纲：

ARGUMENT99 - The following appeared in a memo from the economic minister of the small country Paucia.
"Using a newly developed variety of seed, farmers in our neighboring country Abundia produced 80 percent more rice last year than in any previous year. To increase the income of farmers in our own country, we should encourage them to cultivate this new variety of rice rather than some of their traditional crops. Such high yields of rice will also improve our country's balance of trade by enabling us to begin exporting it."

通过使用一种新研制的种子，我们临近国Abundia的农民在去年生产了比以往多80％的大米。为增加我们国农民的收入，我们应该鼓励他们培育这种新的大米品种，而不是那些他们的传统谷类作物。这种大米的高产量也将会使我国通过出口大米促进贸易平衡。

1．这种新植子是否适合我们国家种植。如果它根本无种植，就谈不上高产。

2．引用临国的情况没有说服力，首先，隔壁目前产粮多少，如果现在还比我们少，就不值得借鉴经验。其次，他们是否还同时采用了新的技术或是新的制度，这些都有可能提高产量，使得不能把成绩都给新种子。

3．结论没有根据。首先，在没有和传统庄稼进行比较的情况下就做了选择。如果说传统的庄稼在质量上、农民技术使用的熟练上、以及居民口味的喜爱都优于新种子，就不应该鼓励农民放弃旧的用新。其次，农业种植受到种子成本、技术、气候变化的影响，以及环境的影响，即使新种子高产，也不能必然保证农民的收入增加。第三没有证据保证它能满足国内对粮食的需求，这样就不可能拿它出口。

ARGUMENT159 - The nation of Claria covers a vast physical area. But despite wide geographic differences, many citizens are experiencing rising costs of electricity. A recent study of household electric costs in Claria found that families who cooled their houses with fans alone spent more on electricity than did families using air conditioners alone for cooling. However, those households that reported using both fans and air conditioners spent less on electricity than those households that used either fans or air conditioners alone. Thus, the citizens of Claria should follow the study's recommendation and use both air conditioners and fans in order to save money on electricity.

Claria这个国家覆盖了广泛的地理区域。但尽管存在很大地理差异，很多居都遇到了电费上涨的经历。最近一项对于Claria家庭用电花费的研究发现，那些单独使用风扇来降温的家庭电费花费比那些单独使用空调降温的家庭要多。然而，那些报告说同时使用风扇和空调的家庭电费花费比单独使用风扇或空调的家庭少。因此，Claria的居应该遵从这个研究的建议，同时使用空调和风扇来节省电费花费。

1．家庭用电不只在降温上，还有其他电器。

2．国家覆盖了广泛的地理区域，各地温度不同，用于此的电费自然不同。

3．电价在上涨，花费未必可能节省。

ARGUMENT46 - Although black bears are common in the eastern Canadian province of Labrador, grizzly bears-often similar in color, but much larger-were believed to exist only in the western provinces. Despite a nineteenth-century explorer's account of having startled and narrowly escaped from a grizzly bear deep in the woods in Labrador, modern scientists find no physical evidence that grizzly bears have ever lived in Labrador. But recent research into the language and legends of the Innu, a people who have lived in Labrador for thousands of years, reveals that their language has words for two different kinds of bears, and their ancient legends attribute different characteristics to the two kinds of bears. Therefore, there probably were grizzly bears in Labrador, and the explorer's account probably accurately identified the bear.

尽管黑熊在加拿大东部的Labrador省份很常见，那种与黑熊颜色类似，但要大的多的灰熊被认为只存在于西部的省份。尽管存在一名19世纪的探险者在Labrador丛林深处遭遇一头灰熊并惊险地逃脱的记载，现代学者并没有发现灰熊曾在Labrador生活的证据。但最近对于已在Labrador生活了数千年的Innu人的语言和传说的研究发现，他们的语言中对于两种不同的熊有不同的词汇，他们的古老传说中确认了两种熊的特征。因此，Labrador可能曾有过灰熊，探险者的记载有可能精确地记叙了熊的存在。

1．该民族的语言和传说中两种不同名称不同特征的熊，但是论者没有提供资料证明，该民族对熊的特征的描述与G熊吻合。

2．论断使用对该民族语言和传说的研究作证明，不足以说明问题。首先语言和传说以及对其的研究都加入了人的想象，这使得在科学性上没有保障。其次该民族在东部地区生活了几千年，那么在这之前他们是否有可能生活在西部地区，而关于熊的词和传说是否是在到东部来之前就有了。这些论者没有提供资料，所以无法证明该民族对于熊的单词是对东部地区的熊。该民族语言和传说研究最多证明东部曾有过两种熊，但并没有证明是G熊。

3．论者的结论太武断。该民族在东部生活了几千年，他们的语言和传说中有G熊，并不能说明十九世纪的时候东部地区也有G熊。而十九世纪的探险者当时被吓到了，他的判断是可能不真实的。论者得出他可能认出了熊的结论太武断。

ARGUMENT165 - The following appeared in a business magazine.
"As a result of numerous consumer complaints of dizziness and nausea, Promofoods requested that eight million cans of tuna be returned for testing last year. Promofoods concluded that the cans did not, after all, contain chemicals that posed a health risk. This conclusion is based on the fact that the chemists from Promofoods tested samples of the recalled cans and found that, of the eight chemicals most commonly blamed for causing symptoms of dizziness and nausea, five were not found in any of the tested cans. The chemists did find that the three remaining suspected chemicals are naturally found in all other kinds of canned foods."
去年由于有大量消费者投诉说产生了眩晕和恶心，Promofoods要求800万罐金枪鱼回收检测。Promofoods下结论说这些罐头根本不含任何有健康危害的化学物质。这一结论基于这样的事实，即Promofoods的化学家测试了回收的罐头样本，并发现8种最常见的导致眩晕和恶心症状的化学物质中，有五种都没有在任何被测试的罐头中被发现。化学家确实发现剩下三种受怀疑的化学物质在所有其他罐头食品中都存在。
1．八种常见的以外还有其他不常见但同样会造成头晕恶心的化学物质。
2．三种受怀疑的化学物质可能含量超标。必须进行进一步的分析是否影响健康。
3．样品选取是否科学，另五种还是有可能存在于其它的里面，或是已售出的罐头的。

[ 本帖最后由 linshao 于 2007-7-31 20:21 编辑 ]

sweetbettyUID：2359460

In this argument, the author suggests that person who snores should try to eat less than the average person and to exercise more because they are more likely to gain weight. However, careful scrutiny of this argument reveals some dubious assumptions render it unconvincing.

In the first place, the author makes a dubious assumption that the people who gain weight are caused by snoring. However, there is no evidence to show that cause-effect relationship. It is possible that the author makes the opposite relationship, because we often find those fat people are more likely to snore. It is no information about the living habit of these people. One person who doesn’t snore sleeping more and eating more, meanwhile, doing few exercises, will become fat. Without more detailed information about the subjects in study, we can not get the conclusion that snore can cause the high rate to gain weight.

Moreover, the author unfairly assumes that snore can make the person too tired during the day to exercises. However, there is no evidence to demonstrate that interruption of breathing can make people have less sleep. Even granted the interruption has negative effective on people, one can still sleep more than average people for compensation. So with out the sleeping time of these subjects, we cannot regard them as tried. Besides, no evidence can support that people who tired from less sleep do few exercises. Even granted that they may do fewer exercise, it is still insufficient to illustrate that they will gain more weight. Common sense informs us that people who always have little sleep will be more like to loss weight for their bad health condition.(这段得逻辑关系很好)

Furthermore, even granted that snores do make people gain weight, the author's suggestion that everyone who snores should be afraid of gain weight is still unsound. Maybe someone with thin body needs to gain more weight. Perhaps some sports athletes as basketball centre forward need to gain weight for better performance in the match. So such people might not accept the suggestion the author makes. Besides, to others, who have insufficient sleep, if eating less and do more exercises, can their bodies bear that?（这句话很中文） It is highly possible that it will cause more serious illness than fat.

In sum, the argument is unconvincing as it stands. To better support it, the author should provide us more information about the true reason why those people are more likely to gain weight. To strengthen it, the author also needs to inform us the real mechanism of the snore to fatigue. If the author's conclusion is right, he should suggest it only to the people who do not want to gain weight.
错误都差不多找到了 觉得你得A越写越好了 呵呵

xiongnashiongUID：2359406

In this argument, the author suggests that person who snores should try to eat less than the average person and to exercise more because they are more likely to gain weight. However, careful scrutiny of this argument reveals some dubious assumptions render it unconvincing.

In the first place, the author makes a dubious assumption that the people who gain weight are caused by snoring. However, there is no evidence to show that cause-effect relationship. It is possible that the author makes the opposite relationship, because we often find those fat people are more likely to snore. It is no information about the living habit of these people. One person who doesn’t snore sleeping more and eating more, meanwhile, doing few exercises, will become fat. Without more detailed information about the subjects in study, we can not get the conclusion that snore can cause the high rate to gain weight.
( 我觉得作者并没有说 ，体重增加是打鼾带来的,这点是很奇怪，但是我仔细看了下题目
.A new study collected data that shows that people who snore are more likely to gain weight than are people who do not snore.
这句话是没有问题的 ，是属于事实）
Moreover, the author unfairly assumes that snore can make the person too tired during the day to exercises. However, there is no evidence to demonstrate that interruption of breathing can make people have less sleep. Even granted the interruption has negative effective on people, one can still sleep more than average people for compensation. So with out the sleeping time of these subjects, we cannot regard them as tried. Besides, no evidence can support that people who tired from less sleep do few exercises. Even granted that they may do fewer exercise, it is still insufficient to illustrate that they will gain more weight. Common sense informs us that people who always have little sleep will be more like to loss weight for their bad health condition.
（这也是事实啊）
Furthermore, even granted that snores do make people gain weight, the author's suggestion that everyone who snores should be afraid of gain weight is still unsound. Maybe someone with thin body needs to gain more weight. Perhaps some sports athletes as basketball centre forward need to gain weight for better performance in the match. So such people might not accept the suggestion the author makes. Besides, to others, who have insufficient sleep, if eating less and do more exercises, can their bodies bear that? It is highly possible that it will cause more serious illness than fat.

In sum, the argument is unconvincing as it stands. To better support it, the author should provide us more information about the true reason why those people are more likely to gain weight. To strengthen it, the author also needs to inform us the real mechanism of the snore to fatigue. If the author's conclusion is right, he should suggest it only to the people who do not want to gain weight.
完了 不知道是我的问题还是什么 我总是觉得事实是不能批判的 囧 个人意见 虽然我觉得不批评事实的话 这个题目的确是没有什么可以批的了

nornsUID：2325187

To xiongnashiong  

一项新的调查所收集的数据显示打呼噜的人比不打呼噜的人更容易长胖。我们知道很多打呼噜的人夜间也经常有数秒钟的呼吸停顿，这种现象被称为睡眠呼吸中断。(从这里开始就是推测了。。。)这种呼吸的停顿导致本人醒来--通常十分短暂以至于不被察觉--并且会使本人在白天很累而无力锻炼。因此，所有打呼噜的人都应该比正常人少吃多锻炼。


它推测使人短暂醒来－导致疲惫－导致不运动－导致肥胖