Issue185 [突击冲锋]申报作业，作业十

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题目：ISSUE185 - "Scandals-whether in politics, academia, or other areas-can be useful. They focus our attention on
problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could."

I strongly agree with the author that scandals can be useful. Though scandal itself is sure to be harmful, the effect scandals
bring is not only the event but also the focus of people on the specific social problem and the thoughts of public after that.

Political scandals are often most popular topics, which happens on and on among the heads of government. Enrongate may
be the popular symbol of fraud and corruption. Enron Corporation, one that won "America's Most Innovative Company" for
six consecutive years, once the 7th greatest corporation of America, collapsed in a split second in the end of 2001, when it
was revealed that its reported financial condition was sustained mostly by institutionalized, systematic, and creatively
planned accounting fraud. After the  corporation achieved its infamy, there were clues that illustrated great association with
the government, though no determining evidence existed. In fact, hundreds of congresspersons had been supported by
Enron and many high-ranking officials had its share. This exposed again to the public the weakness of America's supervising
system, and make Americans rethink their political system and laws: more accomplished-considered legislation may have an
origin in this thoughts. At least, we prevent more innocents hurts from Enron.

In the academic field, there are also instances, and the scandal of Hwang Woo-suk is one of them. Hwang was considered
one of the pioneering experts in the field of stem cell research, best known for two articles in journal Science where he
fraudulently reported to have succeed in creating human embryonic stem cell by cloning. Both the articles were proved to
contain a large amount of fabricated data. The scandal was reported by media followed by a large-scaled discussion about
fraud in academy: people questioned the journal Science that how Hwang's fraud could be free of check time and again to
be published and tried to discuss the defection of the mechanism in article reviewing. The similar questions pointing at the
government of South Korea that why he could get financial support fron government with his research based on fabricated
data. More heated discussion was on the problem that who is to be responsible the conscience of scientists. We can hope
that perfected system will be ultimately born of this discussion and emphasis that the scandal brought and that will actually
shows the benefits the scandal leaves us.

In other fields, such as sports, examples can also be found easily. For scandals in sport are usually concerning about
defetions in sports rules: people impose the defections of rules for money or something else. Though the damage in the
reputation and public credits is accomplished fact, we can still learn lessons from the scandalsm even in the simplest way, to
revise our rules. After all, better late than never. The Black Sox scandal ultimately led to the Major League Baseball
Contitution; the first time an across-league system of supervising was brought into baseball and whereby the title "the
greatest scandal in history of World Series" is left forever in the year 1919. When the result of the unfair match faded in
every mind and credits were soon reestablished, the constitution remained now and forever in the history of baseball.

The two most relevant word with scandal is to "expose" the problems "publicly". Exposure makes us think about the
problems and public opinions lead those who are in power to take positive reaction for them: that is how scandal actually
benefits us. In this means, scandal serves as both speaker and reformer: a speaker with facts as languages, which can be
more persuasive than any speaker, and a reformer with public as impetus, which may be the final fantasy of a reformer.

njuzhshaoUID: 2258118

仔细写了提纲,但是实在是表达能力太差写不出来,为了方便大家……就贴在下面了...


丑闻本身是harmful的，但是丑闻事件的影响力不只是本身，还有人们对事件以及对事件背后的深层原因的关注。这种关注最终can be useful.

1. 在政治领域，丑闻层出不穷。正如四年前Enron公司的丑闻被揭穿后，材料暗示，如此大的集团的丑闻会与政治有莫大的关联。尽管具体的证据停留于此，没有切实的证据告诉我们政府在参与，但是许多事实在暗示，权力和金钱有着说不清的关系。这让世界看到了所谓的监督机制的不足。这促使人们去思考政治体制的可能漏洞，新的立法可能就产生于这些思考之中。而且，至少，我们阻止了更多的人从这一事件中受害。

2. 科学领域里，也有这样的例子。黄的造假案，引发了大规模的社会讨论和反思。一方面，我们在责问Science杂志为何会被两次“骗过”，发表其文章，试图思考其论文发表机制的漏洞；另一方面，我们责问政府如何批准研究资金，探讨科研制度的完善。更多的讨论集中于科研人员的道德水准。我们相信，这样的广泛讨论和重视，最终会催生出更加完善的制度，让下一个Hwang难以轻易出现。这样的结果给我们带来的长远的益处，远远超出了scandal本身的危害。

3. 在体育领域，也存在这样的例子。丑闻往往和制度的漏洞有关，而通过爆出丑闻可以发现制度的漏洞。虽然丑闻本身造成的损失，声誉和信任，已经无法挽回，但是better late than never。Black Sox丑闻最终导致了新的监督制度，而把series史上最大的丑闻这个称号留在了1919年。一项运动的历史就是被改变。一场比赛的输赢早已被淡忘，人们对Series的信任也早已重建，而Constitution永远留在baseball的历史里。

丑闻的两个特点在于“暴露”问题在“公众”面前。正确看待暴露出来的问题能给我们带来思考，Public的关注总重会促使当权者的积极应对，就是丑闻最终带给我们的use：即在这种意义上，scandal既是speaker，也是reformer。而scandal是用fact在speak，这种效果胜过任何的speaker；以public作为reform的推动力，这是任何reformer梦寐以求的力量。所以我们可以毫不犹豫的说：scandal is a way that no speaker or reformer ever could.