A53 勇往直前小组第六次作业bynashiong

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TOPIC: ARGUMENT53 - Thirteen years ago, researchers studied a group of 25 infants who showed signs of mild distress when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli such as an unusual odor or a tape recording of an unknown voice. They discovered that these infants were more likely than other infants to have been conceived in early autumn, a time when their mothers' production of melatonin-a hormone known to affect some brain functions-would naturally increase in response to decreased daylight. In a follow-up study conducted earlier this year, more than half of these children-now teenagers-who had shown signs of distress identified themselves as shy. Clearly, increased levels of melatonin before birth cause shyness during infancy and this shyness continues into later life.
WORDS: 355          TIME: 上午 12:30:00          DATE: 2007-8-2

By citing the facts listed in the argument, the arguer  claims that increased levels of melatonin before birth cause shyness during infancy and this shyness continues into later life. however ,above deduction suffers from several fallacies after close scrutiny.
Firstly. the only fact of study could not sustain the deduction that increased levels of melatonin cause shyness of infants . following reasons could illustrate this point.
First. a group of 25 infants might a little insufficient to a scientific research ,a larger one could be more convincing .
Second , signs of mild distress might be a normal reflection of infants when are put under unfamiliar stimuli such as an unusual odor or voice ,to resolve this problem .the argur has to provide a standard to sustain the reactions of infants in the study are characteristics of shyness.
Third , even the research is scientific and babies were all show their shyness, there is no proof to link melatonin with shyness,because arguer do not supply a proof to attest there is a correlation between hormone, which is affected by melatonin , and shyness ,if hormone has nothing to do with shyness, then will has the melatonin too .if so ,some other reasons, like the cold weather ,might contribute to baby's shyness ,not melatonin.

Secondly .even increased levels of melatonin cause shyness during infancy ,the arguer unfairly conclude that the shyness of babies will continue into later life by the follow-up study, because the arguer ignores other possibilities . imagine that these teenagers, who were shy babies before , all lives in a family lacking encourage and love . when they got frustrated by failure , they could not receive encourages but criticisms, then they would become shy when engage in social activities because of their low-esteem . in this situation , shyness is caused by living environment but not a inherent characteristic contributed by early autumn, when melatonin would result in early shyness. if their living condition ameliorates, the shyness would not continue into later life.so whether this kind of shyness would continue or not has nothing to do with early shyn