issue11 『勇往直前小组』第十二次作业linshao

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ISSUE11 - "All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems."
所有的国家都应该支持发展一所全球性的大学，它的主要目的是要让学生们致力于解决世界上最难缠的社会问题。
With the development of human civilization, human race have been facing lots of problems in many fields. Some problems may threaten the human survival and development. Then some people assert that every country should build a global university, which aims at solving the most persistent social problems. I think this suggestion is meaningful and should be supported by all nations all over the world.

What's the global university? As Richard C. Levin, president of Yale University pointed that the truly global university must contain such factors: student exchange of other countries, cooperative study on global tasks and lots of international cooperation. That is to say global university is a platform that can improve the cooperative research on the most persistent problems all over the world. Take the environmental problem for example. Since the environment of the every country is closely connected, it is necessary for a more complete and ordered regulation to be constituted via the global efforts.Another exigency issue is terrorism, the result of the conflict between different races, different faiths and different value system. Virtually, such activities have been utilized for some certain people's evil purposes to cause worldwide chaos other than the protection of racial interests, and hence the worldwide desire for peace should be put forward to avoid these calamities to human being. Therefore, owing to the aforementioned problems and other ones which are eager to be solved in the same degree, a global university could help to solve and help to find a common ground or reach a consensus in the human world. Therefore, support a global university is vital important.

Nonetheless, for diverse cultures and interests, the global university will face some inevitable problems. In the first place, the significant difference between education methods should first be solved to form a unified and common accepted system to operate such university. Because the students may come from various countries, where cultures may be significantly different, the management of the university must be flexible enough to build up a harmonious study environment. In the second place, because the global university is supported by their own governments, they will take more consideration on their self-interests. It should be acknowledged that although the world share some certain problems, there exist distinction under different circumstances and even more different problems in different nations, so the global university may put more effort on their own problems. Moreover, different nations may encounter disparate financial situation, some poor country may didn’t have enough money to building the university. Therefore, such   problems should not be ignored before the establishment of such university.

Furthermore, the global university is not very effective to some problems. Such as Nuclear Threat, the global university can just provide some academic suggestion. We have to resort to managing worldwide conference and other activities to it. As is well known, six-party talks on Korean Peninsula is successful.

To sum up, all nations should endeavor to support a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems. However, we must also consider the actual situation of every country. Meanwhile the developed countries should work hand in hand to assist other developing countries.

提纲：
ISSUE73 - "In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge."
在大多数职业和学术领域中，想象力要比知识更加重要。
1．首先知识是非常重要的，它是一切职业和学术领域的基础，必须掌握了基本的理论知识。没有知识想象力只能是空想。
2．同时。想象力为科学提供新的发展和新理论的演绎，没有想象力科学就会枯燥，缺乏创新，很多重大的发明和新理论的创立于想象力是分不开的。
ISSUE110 - "When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers."
当我们通过研究历史来考虑自身问题的时候，我们就会变成说故事的人。因为我们不可能直接了解过去，只有通过解释一些史料来构造历史，所以探索历史更多是一件创造性的事业而不是客观的追寻。所有的历史学家都是讲故事的人。
1、不可否认，由于许多外在的原因，比如动乱、自然灾害等，使得现在的历史学家难以得到关于过去事件的完整资料，并最终精确和完整的再现出过去的事件。现代的历史学家只能根据残留的历史碎片进行推断，并提出各种各样的假设。
2、历史纪录的不完整并不意味着现代历史学家所假设出来的史实都是虚假的故事。一方面，仍然有相当多的历史资料得以保存，尤其是在早期就拥有文字的国家，比如中国和印度。此外，一些历史资料的部分缺失能够从其他地资料或是证据中推断出来，因此历史学家的工作虽然是创造性的，但是必须要以历史事实和档案最为基础
3、对于许多只具备极少资料和信息的历史事实，历史学家们则会利用其他专业的知识，从多个角度进行合理的推断。比如，在古代诗人荷马的《荷马史诗》中记载的亚特兰蒂斯国，据说是沉入海底而没有留下任何纪录，但是历史学家们仍然针对不同的证据提出了推断，更有一些历史学家根据资料推断出大致的沉没位置并使用高科技的探索设备到海底搜查。也就是说，历史学更多的是基于事实。
4、尽管历史研究中有大量的假设，但是大部分都是基于事实以及逻辑推理得出的。对于研究历史的人来说，了解其他历史学家找到的证据和他们根据这些证据提出的假设能够或多或少的了解历史的真实情况。作为一项复杂的学科，尽管历史应当为现代人揭示完整和准确的历史事实，但是人们应当正确的看待历史学家的工作，有选择的吸收和接受这些事实，一方面，如果把这些假设看作是纯粹的故事而不予以理会将会让人类过去的文明最终被遗忘，人们也不可能根据历史找出社会发展的规律并未现代的社会发展服务；另一方面，过度依赖历史学家们的假设也将会让人们被诸多的假设困扰。
ISSUE85 - "Government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts."
政府资助艺术会威胁到艺术的完整性。
1．  艺术家也是普通人，艺术活动需要物质基础。但这种物质基础并不等同于政府资助，个人的物质条件一般而言就足够了。
2．  苦难有时更能激发高层次的艺术。 A 社会大环境文艺复兴 B个人小环境 Vincent Gogh, Dante童年父母双亡，青年时候被流放，在以后近二十年的流放生涯中，写出了《神曲Divine comedy
3．  政府的资助可能使艺术家的作品变形。如：一味的歌功颂德。
4．  政府的资助还可能使并不热爱艺术的人混进艺术家的行列。
ISSUE243 - "The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic creations rather than in its scientific accomplishments."
一个文明的真正价值是反映在艺术创造中的而不是它的科学成就。
1．艺术确实具有重要价值。如A Renaissance，把人们从宗教的统治中唤醒。Dante, Michelangelo, Cervantes,等等。B法国大革命期间，C现代美国的建筑，说明社会开放；
2．虽然艺术经常被看作是文明的表现，但是科学童谣有着重要作用首先，自然科学：军事；印刷术typography其次，社会科学：法律；文字；

[ 本帖最后由 linshao 于 2007-8-4 17:56 编辑 ]