我的词汇本

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zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

1.  坏死necrosis
2.  萎缩atrophy
3.  肥大hypertrophy
4.  化生metaplasia
5.  再生regeneration
6.  坏疽gangrene
7.  炎症inflammation
8.  渗出exudation
9.  变质alteration
10.  增生hyperplasia
11.  修复repair
12.  血栓thrombus
13.  淤血congestion
14.  出血hemorrhage
15.  水肿edema
16.  栓塞embolism
17.  梗死infarct
18.  积脓empyema
19.  肉瘤sarcoma
20.  转移metastasis
21.  脓液pus
22.  溃疡ulcer
23.  瘘管fistula
24.  充血hyperemia
25.  机化organization
26.  脓肿abscess
27.  凋亡apoptosis
28.  异型性atypia
29.  异质性heterogeneity
30.  畸胎瘤teratoma
31.  交界瘤borderline tumor
32.  原位癌carcinoma in situ
33.  动脉瘤aneurysm
34.  假小叶pseudolobule
35.  绿色瘤chloroma
36.  肉质变carnification
37.  赘生物vegetation
38.  虎斑心tiger lily heart
39.  绒毛心cor villosum
40.  败血症septicemia
41.  毒血症toxemia
42.  脑软化cerebromalacia
43.  槟榔肝nutmeg liver
44.  脓细胞pus cell
45.  漏出液transudate
46.  渗出液exudate
47.  肉芽肿granuloma
48.  菌血症bacteremia
49.  脂褐素lipofuscin
50.  结核瘤tuberculoma
51.  肉芽组织granulation tissue
52.  炎性息肉inflammatory polyp
53.  混合血栓mixed thrombus
54.  完全再生complete regeneration
55.  创伤愈合wound healing
56.  水样变性hydropic degeneration
57.  假膜性炎pseudomembranous inflammation
58.  炎性假瘤inflammatory pseudotumor
59.  干性坏疽dry gangrene
60.  湿性坏疽moist gangrene
61.  气性坏疽gas gangrene
62.  褐色硬化brown induration
63.  透明血栓hyaline thrombus
64.  结核结节tubercle
65.  炎症介质inflammatory mediator
66.  风湿小体Aschoff body
67.  血栓形成thrombosis
68.  瘢痕愈合scar healing
69.  粘液变性mucoid degeneration
70.  脂肪变性fatty degeneration
71.  透明变性hyaline degeneration
72.  气球样变ballooning degeneration
73.  稳定细胞stable cell
74.  永久细胞permanent cell
75.  早期胃癌early gastric carcinoma
76.  嗜酸小体acidophilic body
77.  桥接坏死bridging necrosis
78.  卫星现象satellitosis
79.  华勒变性Waller degeneration
80.  R-S细胞Reed-Sternberg
81.  髓鞘样结构myelin figure
82.  干酪样坏死caseous necrosis
83.  渐进性坏死necrobiosis
84.  凝固性坏死coagulation necrosis
85.  液化性坏死liquefaction necrosis
86.  不完全再生incomplete regeneration
87.  自身免疫病autoimmune diseases
88.  不稳定细胞labile cell
89.  脓毒败血症pyemia
90.  淀粉样变性amyloid degeneration
91.  贫血性梗死anemic infarct
92.  出血性梗死hemorrhagic infarct
93.  含铁血黄素hemosiderin
94.  动脉性充血active hyperemia
95.  出血性炎症hemorrhagic inflammation
96.  向心性肥大concentric hypertrophy
97.  噬神经现象neuronophagia
98.  蕈样霉菌病mycosis fungoides
99.  碎片状坏死piecemeal necrosis
100.  点灶状坏死spotted and focal necrosis
101.  肠上皮化生intestinal metaplasia
102.  转移性钙化metastatic calcification
103.  伤寒肉芽肿typhoid granuloma
104.  化脓性炎症purulent inflammation
105.  浆液性炎症serous inflammation
106.  费城染色体ph1 chromosome
107.  纤维素性炎症fibrinous inflammation
108.  心力衰竭细胞heart failure cell
109.  疣性心内膜炎verrucous vegetation
110.  纤维素样坏死fibrinoid necrosis
111.  营养不良性钙化dystrophic calcification

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

第一章 病人身份[Identification]

• [Name] 姓名
• [Sex] 性别
• [Age] 年龄
• [Occupation] 职业
• [Date of birth] 出生日期
• [Marriage （Marital status）] 婚姻
• [Race] 民族
• [Place of birth (Birth place)] 籍贯
• [Identification No.(code of ID card No.)] 身份证号码
• [Department of work and TEL. No. (Unit and Business phone No.)] 工作单位及电话
• [Home address and phone No.] 家庭住址及电话
• [Post code] 邮政编码
• [Person to notify (Correspondent) and phone No.] 联系人及电话
• [Source (Complainer;offerer;supplier;provider) of history] 病史陈术者
• [Reliability of history] 病史可靠程试
• [Medical security (Type of payment)] 医疗费用
• [Type of admission (Patient condition)] 住院类别（入院时病情）
• [Medical record No.] 病历号
• [Clinic diagnosis] 门诊诊断
• [Date of admission (admission date)] 入院日期
• [Date of record] 记录日期
1、年龄的表示方法（以36岁为例）
•36 years old (y/o)
•Age 36
•36 year-old
•The age of 36
•36 years of age
2、性别的表示方法
• [Male,♂] 男性
• [Female,♀] 女性
3、职业的表示方法
•工人[Worker]
•退休工作[Retired worker]
•农民[Farmer (peasant)]
•干部[Leader (cadre)]
•行政人员[administrative personnel (staff)]
•职员[staff member]
•商人[Trader (Businessman)]
•教师[Teacher]
•学生[Student]
•医生[Doctor]
•药剂师[Pharmacist]
•护士[Nurse]
•军人[Soldier]
•***[Policeman]
•工程师[Engineer]
•技术员[Technician]
•家政人员[Housekeeper]
•家庭主妇[Housewife]
•营业员[Assistant]
•服务员[Attendant]
•售票员[Conductor]
4、民族的表示方法
•汉[Han]
•回[Hui]
•蒙[Meng]
•藏[Tibetan]
•朝鲜[Korean]
•美国人[American]
•***人[Japanese]
•英国人[Britisher]
5、医疗费用的表示方法
• [Self pay (Individual medical care)] 自费
• [Government insruance (Public medical care)] 公费
• [Insurance] 保险
• [Local insurance] 本地医保
• [Non-local in surance] 外地医保
• [Labor protestion care] 劳保
6、婚姻状况的表示方法
• [Married] 已婚
• [Single (Unmarried)] 未婚
• [Diverced] 离婚
• [Widow] 寡妇
• [Widower] 鳏夫
7、病史可靠程度的表示方法
• [Reliable] 可靠
• [Unreliable] 不可靠
• [Not entirely] 不完全可靠
• [Unobtainable] 无法获得
8、住址的表示方法
•[NO.3,Qing Chun Road East,Hangzhou, Zhejiang] 浙江省杭州市庆春东路3号
•[XinDong Cun, Cheng Guan Town, Zhu Ji municipality, zhejiang province.] 浙江省诸暨市（县）城关镇新东村
9、病史陈述者的表示方法
• [Patient himself (herself)] 患者本人
• [Her husband] 患者的丈夫
• [His wife] 患者的妻子
• [Patient`s colleague] 患者的同事
• [Patient`s neighbor] 患者的邻居
• [Patient`s Kin (Mother; Son; daughter;brother;Sister)] 患者的亲属(父亲、母亲、儿子、女儿、兄弟、姐妹)
• [Taximan] 出租车司机
• [Traffic police] 交通***
10、日期的表示方法
•2002年10月1日[10-1-2002(10/1/2002; Oct.1,2002; Oct.lst,2002)](美国)
•2002年10月1日[1-10-2002(1/10/2002; 1 Oct.,2002; 1st of Oct.,2002)] (英国)
11、住院类别的表示方法
• [Emergent (Emergency call)] 急诊
• [Urgent] 危重
• [Elective (General)] 一般（普通）
12、入院时病情的表示方法
• [Stable] 稳定
• [Unstable] 不稳定
• [Relative stable] 相对稳定
• [Critical (Imminent)] 危重
• [Fair (General)] 一般

第二章 主诉[Chief Complaint]

1、主诉的表示方法：症状+时间（Symptom+Time）
•症状+for+时间
如： [Chest pain for 2 hours] 胸痛2小时
•症状+of+时间
如： [Nausea and vomiting of three days` duration] 恶心呕吐3天
•症状+时间+in duration
如： [Headache 1 month in duration] 头痛1月
•时间+of+症状
如： [Two-day history of fever] 发热2天
2、常见症状
• [Fever] 发热
• [Pain] 疼痛
• [Edema] 水肿
• [Mucocutaneous hemorrhage (bleeding)] 皮肤粘膜出血
• [Dyspnea (Difficuly in breathing;Respiratory difficulty;short of breath)] 呼吸困难
• [Cough and expectoration (Sputum;Phlegm)] 咳嗽和咯痰
• [Hemoptysis] 咯血
• [Cyanosis] 紫绀
• [Palpitation] 心悸
• [Chest discomfort] 胸闷
• [Nausea (Retch;Dry Vomiting)and Vomiting] 恶心和呕吐
• [Hematemesis (Vomiting of blood)] 呕血
• [Hematochezia (Hemafecia)] 便血
• [Diarrhea] 腹泻
• [Constipation (Obstipation)] 便秘
• [Vertigo (Giddiness; Dizziness)] 眩晕
• [Jaundice (Icterus)] 黄疸
• [Convulsion] 惊厥
• [Disturbance of consciousness] 意识障碍
• [Hematuria] 血尿
• [Frequent micturition,urgent micturition and dysuria] 尿频，尿急和尿痛
• [Incontinence of urine] 尿失禁
• [Retention of urine] 尿潴留
（1）发热的表示方法
• [Infective (Septic)fever] 感染性发热
• [Non-infective (Aseptic)fever] 非感染性发热
• [Dehydration (Inanition)fever] 脱水热
• [Drug fever] 药物热
• [Functional hypothermia] 功能性低热
• [Absorption fever] 吸收热
• [Central fever] 中枢性发热
• [Fever type] 热型
▲ [Continuous fever] 稽留热
▲ [Remittent fever] 驰张热
▲ [Intermittent fever] 间歇热
▲ [Undulant fever] 波状热
▲ [Recurrent fever] 回归热
▲ [Periodic fever] 周期热
▲ [Irregular fever] 不规则热
▲ [Ephemeral fever] 短暂热
▲ [Double peaked fever] 双峰热
• [Fever of undetermined(unknown) origin, FUO] 不明原因发热
• [Rigor (shivering;chill;shaking chill;ague)] 寒战
• [Chilly Sensation (Fell chilly;cold fits;coldness)] 畏寒
• [Ultra-hyperpyrexia] 超高热
• [Hyperthermia (A high fever;hyperpyrexia;ardent fever)] 高热
• [Moderate fever] 中度发热
• [Hypothermia (Low-grade fever;slight fever;subfebrile temperature)] 低热
• [Become feverish (Have a temperature)] 发热
• [Crisis] 骤降
• [Lysis] 渐降
• [Typhoid fever] 伤寒热
• [Rheumatic fever] 风湿热
• [Cancerous fever] 癌性发热
• [Fervescence period] 升热期
• [Defervescence period] 退热期
• [Persistent febrile period] 持续发热期
（2）疼痛的表示方法
• [Backache (Back pain)] 背痛
• [Lumbago] 腰痛
• [Headache] 头痛
▲ [Vasomotor headache] 血管舒缩性头痛
▲[Post-traumatic headache] 创伤后头痛
▲[Migraine headache] 偏头痛
▲ [Cluster headache] 丛集性头痛
• [Chest pain] 胸痛
• [Precardial pain] 心前区痛
• [Retrosternal pain] 胸骨后痛
• [Abdominal pain (Stomachache)] 腹痛
• [Acrodynia (pain in limbs)] 肢体痛
• [Arthrodynia (Arthralgia)] 关节痛
• [Dull pain] 钝痛
• [Sharp pain] 锐痛
• [Twinge pain] 刺痛
• [Knife-like pain (Piercing pain)] 刀割（刺）样痛
• [Aching pain] 酸痛
• [Burning pain] 烧灼痛
• [Colicky (Griping;cramp) pain] 绞痛
• [Colic] 绞痛
• [Bursting pain] 胀痛（撕裂痛）
• [Hunger pain] 饥饿痛
• [Tic pain] 抽搐痛
• [Bearing-down pain] 坠痛
• [Shock-like pain] 电击样痛
• [Jumping pain] 反跳痛
• [Tenderness pain] 触痛（压痛）
• [Girdle-like pain] 束带样痛
• [Wandering pain] 游走性痛
• [Throbbing pain] 搏动性痛
• [Radiating pain] 放射性痛
• [Cramping pain] 痉挛性痛
• [Boring pain] 钻痛
• [Intense pain] 剧痛
• [Writhing pain] 痛得打滚
• [Dragging pain] 牵引痛
• [Labor pain] 阵痛
• [Cancerous pain] 癌性疼痛
• [Referred pain] 牵涉痛
• [Persistent pain (Unremitting pain)] 持续性痛
• [Constant pain] 经常性痛
• [Intermittent pain] 间歇性痛
（3）水肿的表示方法
• [Mucous edema (Myxedema)] 粘液性水肿
• [Cardiac (Cardiogenic) edema] 心源性水肿
• [Nephrotic (renal) edema] 肾源性水肿
• [Hepatic edema] 肝源性水肿
• [Alimentary (Nutritional) edema] 营养不良性水肿
• [Angioneurotic edema] 血管神经性水肿
• [Pitting] 凹陷性
• [Nonpitting] 非凹陷性
• [Localized (Local) edema] 局限性水肿
• [Generalized edema (Anasarca)] 全身性水肿
• [Hydrops] 积水
• [Elephantiasic crus] 橡皮肿
• [Cerebral(Brain) edema] 脑水肿
• [Pulmonary edema (Hydropneumonia0] 肺水肿
• [Hydrocephalus] 脑积水
• [Edema of endoscrinopathy] 内分泌病性水肿
• [Invisible (Recessive) edema] 隐性水肿
• [Frank edema] 显性水肿
• [Inflammatory edema] 炎性水肿
• [Idiopathic edema] 特发性水肿
• [Cyclical edema] 周期性水肿
• [Ascites (Abdominal effusion;hydroperiotoneum)] 腹水
• [Pleural effusion (Hydrothorax)] 胸水
• [Pericardial effusion (Hydropericardium)] 心包积液
• [Bronchoedema] 支气管水肿
• [Slight (Mild)] 轻度
• [Moderate] 中度
• [Serious] 重度
• [Transudate] 漏出液
• [Exudate] 渗出液
（4）呼吸困难的表示方法
• [Cardiac dyspnea] 心原性呼吸困难
• [Inspiratory] 吸气性
• [Expiratory] 呼气性
• [Mixed] 混合性
• [Obstructive] 梗阻性
• [Dyspnea at rest] 静息时呼吸困难
• [Dyspnea on exertion] 活动时呼吸困难
• [Dyspnea on lying down] 躺下时呼吸困难
• [Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea,PND] 夜间阵发性呼吸困难
• [Orthopnea] 端坐呼吸
• [Asthma] 哮喘
• [Cardiac asthma] 心源性哮喘
• [Bronchial asthma] 支气管性哮喘
• [Hyperpnea] 呼吸深快
• [Periodic breathing] 周期性呼吸
• [Tachypnea (Rapid or fast breathing;accelerated breathing;short of breath)]气促
• [Bradypnea (Slow breathing)] 呼吸缓慢
• [Irregular breathing] 不规则呼吸
（5）皮肤粘膜出血的表示方法
• [Bleeding spots in the skin] 皮肤出血点
• [Petechia] 瘀点
• [Eccymosis] 瘀斑
• [Purpura] 紫癜
• [Splinter hemorrhage] 片状出血
• [Oozing of the blood (Errhysis)] 渗血
• [Blood blister (Hemophysallis)] 血疱
• [Hemorrhinia (Nasal bleeding)] 鼻衄
• [Ecchymoma] 皮下血肿
（6）咳嗽与咯痰的表示方法
• [Dry cough (Nonproductive cough;hacking cough)] 干咳
• [Sharp cough] 剧咳
• [Wet cough (Moist cough)] 湿咳
• [Productive cough (Loose cough)] 排痰性咳
• [Chronic cough] 慢性咳嗽
• [Irritable cough] 刺激性咳嗽
• [Paroxysmal cough] 发作性（阵发性）咳嗽
• [Cough continually] 持续性咳嗽
• [Spasmodic cough] 痉挛性咳嗽
• [Whooping cough] 百日咳
• [Winter cough] 冬季咳
• [Wheezing cough] 喘咳
• [Short cough] 短咳
• [Distressed cough] 难咳
• [Shallow cough] 浅咳
• [Droplet] 飞沫
• [Frothy sputum] 泡沫样痰
• [Bloody sputum] 血痰
• [Mucous (Mucoid) sputum] 粘液样痰
• [Purulent sputum] 脓痰
• [Mucopurulent sputum] 粘液脓性痰
• [White (Yellow,green) sputum] 白（黄,绿）痰
• [Fetid (Foul) sputum] 恶臭痰
• [Iron-rust (Rusty) sputum] 铁锈色痰
• [Chocolate coloured sputum] 巧克力色痰
• [Thick sputum] 浓痰
• [Thin sputum] 淡痰
• [Viscous sputum] 粘痰
• [Transparent sputum] 透明痰
• [Much (Large amounts of) sputum] 大量痰
• [Moderate amounts of sputum] 中等量痰
• [Not much (Small amounts of ) sputum] 少量痰
（7）内脏出血的表示方法
• [Goldstein’s hemoptysis]戈耳斯坦氏咯血
• [Massive hematemesis]大量呕血
• [Epistasis (Nosebleed;Nasal bleeding; Hemorrhinia;rhinorrhagia)]鼻衄
• [Hematuria] 血尿
• [Initial hematuria] 初血尿
• [Idiopathic hematuria] 特发性血尿
• [Painless hematuria] 无痛性血尿
• [Terminal hematuria] 终末性血尿
• [Gross (Macroscopic) hematuria] 肉眼血尿
• [Microscopic hematuria] 镜下血尿
• [Hematuria in the whole process of urination] 全程血尿
• [Gingival bleeding (Ulaemorrhagia;gum bleeding)] 牙龈出血
• [Hematochezia] 便血
• [Bloody stool] 血便
• [Black stool (Melena)] 黑便
• [Tarry stool] 柏油样便
• [Bleeding following trauma] 外伤后出血
• [Spontaneous bleeding] 自发性出血
• [Bleeding Continuously] 持续出血
• [Occult blood,OB] 隐血
• [Hematobilia] 胆道出血
• [Hemathorax] 血胸
• [Hemarthrosis] 关节积血
• [Hematocoelia] 腹腔积血
• [Hematoma] 血肿
• [Hemopericardium] 心包积血
• [Cerebral hemorrhage] 脑出血
• [Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)] 蛛网膜下腔出血
• [Excessive (Heavy) menstrual flow with passage of clots] 月经量多伴血块
• [Mild (Moderate) menses] 月经量少（中等）
• [Painless Vaginal bleeding] 无痛性阴道出血
• [Postcoital bleeding] 性交后出血
• [Pulsating bleeding] 搏动性出血
• [Post-operation wound hemorrhage] 术后伤口出血
• [Excessive bleeding after denal extraction] 拔牙后出血过多
（8）紫绀的表示方法
• [Congenital cyanosis] 先天性紫绀
• [Enterogenous] 肠源性
• [Central] 中枢性
• [Peripheral] 周围性
• [Mixed] 混合性
• [Acrocyanosis] 指端紫绀
（9）恶心与呕吐的表示方法
• [Vomiturition (Retching)] 干呕
• [Feel nauseated] 恶心感
• [Postprandial nausea] 饭后恶心
• [Hiccup] 呃逆
• [Sour regurgitation] 返酸
• [Fecal (Stercoraceous) vomiting] 吐粪
• [undigested food Vomiting] 吐不消化食物
• [Bilious Vomiting] 吐胆汁
（10）腹泻与便秘的表示方法
• [Moning diarrhea] 晨泻
• [Watery (Liquid)diarrhea] 水泻
• [Mucous diarrhea] 粘液泻
• [Fatty diarrhea] 脂肪泻
• [Chronic (Acute)] 慢性（急性）
• [Mild diarrhea] 轻度腹泻
• [Intractable (Uncontrolled)diarrhea] 难治性腹泻
• [Protracted diarrhea] 迁延性腹泻
• [Bloody stool] 血梗
• [Frothy stool] 泡沫样便
• [Formless (Formed)stool] 不成形（成形）便
• [Loose (Hard) stool] 稀（硬）便
• [Rice-water stool] 米泔样便
• [Undigested stool] 不消化便
• [Dysenteric diarrhea] 痢疾样腹泻
• [Inflammatory diarrhea] 炎症性腹泻
• [Osmotic] 渗透性
• [Secretory] 分泌性
• [Malabsorption] 吸收不良性
• [Lienteric] 消化不良性
• [Pancreatic diarrhea] 胰性腹泻
• [Tenesmus] 里急后重
• [Pass a stool (Have a passage; open or relax the bowel)] 解大便
• [Have a call of nature] 便意
• [Fecal incontinence (Copracrasia)] 大便失禁
• [Functional constipation] 功能性便秘
• [Organic constipation] 器质性便秘
• [Habitual constipation] 习惯性便秘
• [Have a tendency to be constipated] 便秘倾向
（11）黄疸的表示方法
• [Latent (occult) jaundice] 隐性黄疸
• [Clinical jaundice] 显性黄疸
• [Nuclear icterus] 核黄疸
• [Physiologic icterus] 生理性黄疸
• [Icterus simplex] 传染性黄疸
• [Toxemic icterus] 中毒性黄疸
• [Hemolytic] 溶血性
• [Hepatocellular] 肝细胞性
• [Obstructive] 阻塞性
• [Congenital] 先天性
• [Familial] 家族性
• [Cholestatic] 胆汁淤积性
• [Hematogenous] 血源性
• [Malignant] 恶性
• [Painless] 无痛性
（12）意识障碍的表示方法
• [Somnolence] 嗜睡
• [Confusion] 意识模糊
• [Stupor] 昏睡
• [Coma] 昏迷
• [Delirium] 谵妄
• [Syncope (swoon; faint)] 晕厥
• [Drowsiness] 倦睡
（13）排尿的表示方法
• [Enuresis (Bed-wetting)] 遗尿
• [Anuria] 无尿
• [Emiction interruption] 排尿中断
• [Interruption of urinary stream] 尿线中断
• [Nocturia] 夜尿
• [Oliguria] 少尿
• [Polyuria] 多尿
• [Pass water (Make water; urinate; micturition)] 排尿
• [Frequent micturition (Frequency of micturition; fruquent urination;
Pollakiuria)] 尿频
• [Urgent micturition (Urgency of urination or micturition)] 尿急
• [Urodynia (Pain on micturition; painful micturition; alginuresis; micturition pain)] 尿痛
• [Dysuria (Difficulty in micturition; disturbance of micturition)] 排尿困难
• [Small urinary stream] 尿线细小
• [Void with a good stream] 排尿通畅
• [Guttate emiction (Dribbling following urination;terminal dribbling)] 滴尿
• [Bifurcation of urination] 尿流分叉
• [Residual urine] 残余尿
• [Extravasation of urine] 尿外渗
• [Stress incontinence] 压力性尿失禁
• [Overflow incontinence] 溢出性尿失禁
• [Paradoxical in continence] 反常性尿失禁
3．少见症状
• [Weekness( Debility; asthenia; debilitating)] 虚弱（无力）
• [Fatigue (Tire; lassitude)] 疲乏
• [Discomfort (Indisposition; malaise)] 不适
• [Wasting (thin; underweight; emaciation; lean)] 消瘦
• [Night sweating] 盗汗
• [Sweat (Perspiration)] 出汗
• [Cold sweat] 冷汗
• [Pruritus (Iching)] 搔痒
• [Asthma] 气喘
• [Squeezing (Tightness; choking; pressing) sensation of the chest] 胸部紧缩
（压榨）感
• [Intermittent claudication] 间歇性跛行
• [Difficulty in swallowing( Dysphagia; difficult swallowing; acataposis)] 吞咽困难
• [Epigastric (Upper abdominal) discomfort] 上腹部不适
• [Anorexia (Sitophobia)] 厌食
• [Poor appetite (Loss of appetite)] 纳差
• [Heart-burn( Pyrosis)] 胃灼热
• [Stomachache( Pain in stomach)] 胃部痛
• [Periumbilial pain] 脐周痛
• [Belching (Eructation)] 嗳气
• [Sour regurgitation] 返酸
• [Abdominal distention(bloating)] 腹胀
• [Pass gas( Break wink)] 肛门排气
• [Small(Large) stool] 大便少（多）
• [Expel(Pass) worms] 排虫
• [Pain over the liver] 肝区痛
• [Lumbago] 腰痛
• [Pica(Parorexia; allotriophagy)] 异食癖
• [Dysmenorrhea] 痛经
• [Menoxenia (Irregular menstruation)] 月经不调
• [Polymenorrhea (Epimenorrhea)] 月经过频
• [Oligomenorrhea] 月经过少
• [Excessive menstruation (Menorrhagia; menometrorrhagia; hypermenorrhea)] 经量过多
• [Hypomenorrhea (Scantymenstruation)] 经量过少
• [Menopause (Menostasia; menostasis)] 绝经
• [Amenorrhea (Menoschesis)] 闭经
• [Leukorrhagia] 白带过多
• [Asexuality (lack of libido)] 无性欲
• [Hyposexuality] 性欲低下
• [Hypersexuality] 性欲亢进
• [Prospermia (Ejaculatio praecox)] 早泄
• [Impotency (impotence)] 阳萎
• [Nocturnal emission (Spermatorrhea)] 遗精
• [Lack of potency] 无性交能力
• [Hair loss] 脱发
• [Joint pain (Arthralgia; arthrodynia)] 关节痛
• [Polydipsia (Excessive thirst)] 多饮（烦渴）
• [Polyphagia (Excessive appetite; hyperorexia; bulimia)] 多食
• [Cold (Heat) intolerance] 怕冷（热）
• [Dwarfism (Excessive height)] 身材矮小（高大）
• [Excessive sweating] 多汗
• [Hands tremble] 手抖
• [Obesity (Fatty)] 肥胖
• [Agitation (Anxiety;nervous irritability)] 焦虑（忧虑）
• [Mania] 躁狂
• [Hallucination] 幻觉
• [Aphasia (Logopathy)] 失语
• [Amnesia (Poor memorization;memory deterioration)] 记忆力下降
• [Hemianesthesia] 偏身麻木
• [Formication] 蚁走感
• [Tingling] 麻刺感
• [Hyperpathia] 痛觉过敏
• [Hypalgesia] 痛觉减退
• [Illusion] 错觉
• [Hemiplegia] 半身不遂
• [Insomnia (Poor sleepness;sleeplessness)] 失眠
• [Nightmare] 多梦
• [Numbness] 麻木
• [Pain in limbs (Acrodynia)] 肢体痛
• [Limitation of motion] 活动受限
• [Tetany] 手足抽搐
• [Discharge of pus] 流脓
• [Blurred vision(Hazy vision;blurring of vision; dimness of vision)]视物模糊
• [Burning (Dry) sensation] 烧灼（干燥）感
• [Tearing (Dacryorrhea;Lacrimation)] 流泪
• [Double vision (Diplopia)] 复视
• [Strabismus] 斜视
• [Hemianopia] 偏盲
• [Tired eyes (Eyestrain)] 眼疲劳
• [Foreign body sensation] 异物感
• [Lose the sight (Lose of vision)] 失明
• [Diminution of vision] 视力减退
• [Nictition] 眨眼
• [Ophthalmodynia (Eye-ache;ocular pain)] 眼痛
• [Photophobia] 畏光
• [Spots before the eyes] 眼前黑点
• [Deafness(Anacusia)] 耳聋
• [Auditory dysesthesia] 听力减退
• [Otalgia (Otodynia;pain in the ear ;ear-ache)] 耳痛
• [Stuffy feeling in the ear] 耳闭气
• [Tinnitus] 耳鸣
• [Outophony] 自声过强
• [Nasal obstruction (blockage)] 鼻塞
• [Dryness of the nose] 鼻干燥
• [Rhinorrhea (Snivel;Nasal discharge)] 流鼻涕
• [Sneezing] 打喷嚏
• [Snoring] 打鼾
• [Hyposmia (Reduction of the sense of smell)] 嗅觉减退
• [Anosmia (Complete loss of sense of smell)] 嗅觉丧失
• [Dysphonia] 发音困难
• [Hoarseness] 声嘶
• [Pain on swallowing] 吞咽痛
• [Saliva dribblies from the mouth] 流涎
• [Troaty voice] 声音沙哑
• [Stridor] 喘鸣
• [Red and swollen] 红肿
• [Scurf] 头皮屑
• [Show] 见红
• [Amniotic fluid escaped] 破水
• [Uterine contraction] 宫缩
• [Acalculia] 计算不能
• [Apathy] 情感淡漠
• [Delusion] 妄想
4、时间的表示方法
（1）月（Month）
• [January,Jan.] 一月
• [February,Feb.] 二月
• [March,Mar.] 三月
• [April,Apr.] 四月
• [May] 五月
• [June,Jun.] 六月
• [July,Jul.] 七月
• [August,Aug.] 八月
• [September,Sept.] 九月
• [October,Oct.] 十月
• [November,Nov.] 十一月
• [December,Dec.] 十二月

（2）周（Week）
• [Monday] 星期一
• [Tuesday] 星期二
• [Wednesday] 星期三
• [Thursday] 星期四
• [Friday] 星期五
• [Saturday] 星期六
• [Sunday] 星期日

（3）年（Year）和日[Day]
• [1st (First) year] 第1年
• [2nd (Second) year] 第2年
• [3rd (Third)year] 第3年
• [4th (Forth) year] 第4年
• [One year (day)] 1年（天）
• [Two years (days)] 2年（天）
• [Whole year] 整年
• [1st (First)] 1日
• [2rd (Second)] 2日
• [3rd (Third)] 3日
• [5th (Fifth)] 5日
• [Today] 今天
•明天[Tomorrow]
•昨天[Yesterday]
•前天[The day bdfore yesterday]
•后天[The day after tomorrow]
•大前天[3 days ago]
•大后天[3 days hence]
•今晚[Tonight]
•昨晚[Last night]
•明晚[Next night]
•通宵[All night]
•整天[All day (the whole day)]
（4）季节[Season]和时节[Solar terms]
•春季[Spring]
•夏季[Summer]
•秋季[Autumn]
•冬季[Winter]
•立春（夏、秋、冬）[the Beginning of Spiring (Summer;Autumn;Winter)]
•小暑（雪、寒）[Slight Heat (Snow;Cold)]
•大暑（雪、寒）[Great Heat (Snow;Cold)]
•雨水[Rain Water]
•惊蛰[the Waking of Insects]
•春（秋）分[the Spiring (Autumnal) Equinox]
•清明[Pure Brightness]
•谷雨[Grain Rain]
•小满[Grain Full]
•芒种[Grain in Ear]
•夏（冬至）[the Summer (Winter) Solstice]
•处暑[the Limit of Heat]
•白（寒）露[White (Cold) Dew]
•霜降[Frost’s Descent]
（5）时间的表示方法
•In[在……内（后）]
▲在2003年[In 2003]
▲在3月[In March(Mar.)]
▲在去年10月[In last Oct.]
▲在早晨[In the morning]
▲在上午[In the forenoon]
▲在下午[In the afternoon]
▲在晚上[In the evening]
▲在近5天[In the past 5 days]
▲在10分钟后[In 10 minutes]
▲在秋季[In autumn]
▲在这2～3天内[In a couple of days]
•Within[在……中]
▲在近8个月中[Within the last 8 months]
▲在过去的2年中[Within the preceding 2 years]
•On[在……时候]
▲在2002的9月18日[On the 18th of September,2002(英国)or On sept.18th,2002(美国)
▲在星期三[On Wednesday]
▲在本月7日[On 7th instant]
•At[在……时]
▲在中午[At noon]
▲在晚上[At night]
▲在昨晚[At last (preceding;previous )night]
▲在半夜[At midnight]
▲在上午10点钟[At 10AM]
▲在5岁时[At the age of five]
▲在2000年底（中、初）[At the end (middle;beginning) of 2000]
•For[计……时间]
▲一周[For one week]
▲近2个月来[For the past 2 months]
▲几乎（整整）一年[For nearly a month (a full month)]
▲3个月左右[For 3 months or so]
▲至少3个月[For at least 3 months]
▲3个月以上[For more than 3 months]
▲3个月或以上[For 3months or more]
▲时间不详[For an unknown(indefinite) period (time)]
•Of[在……时期]
▲10年内[Of 10 years` duration]
▲期间[Length of time]
▲6月6日[The 6th of June]
•Dring[在……期间]
▲在2000-2005年的几年中[During the years form 2000 to 2005]
▲在这4年中[During four years]
▲在过去的几周中[During the past(Last) couple of weeks]
▲在夜间[During the night]
▲整天[During the entire day]
•About [约]
▲约1个半小时[About one and half an hour]
▲大约半年[About half a year]
•To[至；在……之前]
▲从今下午点至明上午8点[Form 6 PM today to 8 AM tomorrow]
▲6点45分[At fifteen to seven]
•From[从……起]
▲从14岁至52岁[From 14 to 52 year-old]
▲从上午7点30分开始[Form 7:30AM]
▲从周一至周五[From Monday through Friday]
•Past[过去；超过]
▲在过去的3周中[In the past 3 weeks]
▲8点10分[ten minutes past eight]
•Through or throughout[在……整个期间]
▲通宵值班[Be on duty through the night]
▲从一月到六月[From January through June]
▲熬过明晚[Through the next nigut]
▲整天（晚）[Throughout the day (night)]
•Over[在……期间]
▲在过去的2个月内[Over the past two months]
▲一夜间[Overnight]
（6）其他表示方法
•每月（年、日）一次[Monthly (Yearly; daily)]
•整整一年[Yearlong (Year-round)]
•满周岁[Yearling]
•工作日[Weekday]
•周末[Weekend]
•每周末[Weekends]
•8小时工作日[An eight-hour day]
•整天[Daylong]
•白天[Daytime]
•昼夜[Nighttime]
•日常的[Day-to-day]
•夏令时间[Daylight saving time]
•每晚[Nightly]
•黄昏[Nighfall]
•过期的[Overdue]
•前天晚上（一夜间）[Overnight]
•After [在……之后]
▲婚后[After one`s marriage]
▲  七点十分[Ten after (past) seven]
▲  住（出）院后[After admission (discharge)]
▲  起病后2天[2 days after the onset(attack) of symptoms]
•Before[在……之前]
▲  7点50分之前[Before seven fifty]
▲  医生到达前[Before the doctor come]
▲  以前未有种症状[Have had not the same symptom before]
•Ago[以前]
▲  5年前[5 years ago]
▲  直到一个月前[Up to one month ago]
▲  大前天[Three days ago]
•Prior to[在……之前]
▲  入（出）院前[Prior to admission (discharge)]
▲  前天之前[Prior to the day before yesterday]
•Up to[直到]
▲  直到3周前[Up to 3 weeks ago]
▲  直到现在（出院）[Up to now (discharge)]
•Until or till[直到]
▲  直到80岁[Until 80 years old]
▲  直到今晨8点[Until 8 o`clock this moning]
▲  直到医生查完房[Until the doctor have finished the ward round]
▲  直到3年以前[Until 3 years ago]
▲  直到出院前一天[Until 1 day prior to discharge]
•By[在……之前]
▲  下午点钟前[By 5 PM]
▲  下个月之前[By next month]
•Since[从……开始]
▲  自从去年术后[Since operation was performed last year]
▲  前天起[Since the day before yesterday]
▲  从2002年6月起[Since June 2002]
•超时(加班)[Overtime]
•上午8点[8：00AM]
•下午2点30分[2：30PM]
•7点50分[Seven fifty (Ten to eight)]
•9点20分[Nine twenty(Twenty past or after nine)]
•术前[Pre-operation]
•术后[Post-operation]

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

第三章 现病史[History of present illness (HPI/PI)]

现病史书写的重点包括：
一、主诉中症状的详细描述；
二、疾病的发展过程；
三、诊疗经过；
四、目前的一般情况。
1、诱因
•无诱因下[With no inducing factors]
•无明显诱因下[Under no obvious predisposing causes]
•感冒一周后[After getting (catching) common cold for 1 week]
2、症状出现的叙述
•有……症状
▲suffer from
▲  have an attack of
▲  have(fell)
▲  begin to fell
▲  a feeling (sensation) of……
▲  complain (of)
▲  ……sensation (feeling) in (of) ……
▲  [发热]have a temperature (become feverish)
•在……情况下发生
▲  活动时呼吸困难[dyspnea on exertion]
▲  躺下后即出现咳嗽[Cough occurs soon after lying]
•与……有（无）关
▲  与……有关[be associated with]
▲  与……有关[have (make) relation to]
▲  与……无关[have (make)no relation to]
•在……情况下加重（减轻）
▲  餐后加重[become worse after taking meals]
▲  站立后缓解[be relieved by standing up]
▲  随呼吸和咳嗽而加重[become more severe with breathing and cough]
•伴有……
▲  be accompanied by

3、起病方式
•急性腹痛[acute abdominal pain]
•慢性低热[chronic lower fever]
•暴发性发病[the onset was fulminating]
•骤起胸痛[an explosive onset of chest pain]
•突然起病伴高热[the onset was sudden with high fever]
•突发突止[attacks began and ended abruptly]
•因……而突然起病[the attack is precipitated by……]
•很快发生晕厥[syncope occured rapidly]
•逐渐出现咳嗽咳痰[gradual onset of cough and sputum]
•偶而[occasionally (sporadically, accidentally)]
•反复胸闷心悸[recurrent (bouts of) chest discomfort and palpitation]
•一过性发作[transitory attack]
•连续胸痛[chest pain continually]
•时重时轻[waned and waxed]
•时好时坏[hang in the balance]
•不停地咳嗽[have a fit of cough]
•发作性呼吸困难[paroxysmal short of breath]
•频繁咳嗽[cough frequently (very often)]
•持续性（间歇性）[persistent (intermittent)]
•频发胸痛[frequent episodes of chest pain]
•持续不变[be steady]
4、病情变化描述
•[症状好转] ▲fell better than before
       ▲take a favorable turn
       ▲take a turn for the better
       ▲improve
       ▲make favorable progress
       ▲turn for the better
       ▲change for the better
       ▲be better
•[症状减轻] ▲alleviate
        ▲reduce
        ▲palliate
        ▲diminish
        ▲ease(lighten)
        ▲mitigate
•[症状消失] ▲disappear
        ▲subside
        ▲regress
        ▲clear up
        ▲vanish
        ▲dissolve
        ▲die (fade) away
        ▲relieve
•[症状加重] ▲be (make,become,get) worse
        ▲worsen
        ▲become more severe
        ▲take a turn for the worse
        ▲be aggravated
        ▲increase in severity
        ▲take a bad turn
        ▲make (become) more serious
        ▲make (become) heavier
•[无变化]    ▲remain the same as……
        ▲continue without change
        ▲be identical
        ▲be alike
        ▲be similar
        ▲resemble
•[时好时坏]  ▲wane and wax
        ▲hang in the balance
•[体温/血压升降]
▲  升至[rise (go up) to ]
▲  已升至[have risen (gone up) to ]
▲  从……升至……[go up from …… to……]
▲  升至[be elevated to]
▲  迅速下降[fall (decline, abate) abruptly]
▲  骤降（升）[sudden drop (elevation)]
▲  渐降（升）[fall (elevate) gradually]
▲  缓慢下降[slow crisis (lysis) of ]
▲  一天天下降[be (become) lower day by day]
▲  开始降低[begin to remit]
▲  降至正常[drop (was reduced) to normal]
▲  已降至[have gone down (dropped) to]
▲  回复到正常[return (revert) to normal]
▲  由……降（升）至……[fall (elevate) from……to……]
▲  维持在……水平[maintain at a level of……]
▲  稳定在……[stabilize at……]
▲  热退了[fever disappeared]
▲  不超过[do not go up over (exceed)……]
▲  在……和……之间波动[fluctuate (vary) between……
and……]
▲  在……至……范围内[range from……to……]
▲  平均38.5℃[an average temperature of 38.5℃]
▲  有39.2℃的体温[have fever (a temperature) of 39.2℃]
5、症状的时间表示
•持续    ▲lasted for 2 days
      ▲have gone on for 1 month
      ▲have continued for 10 hours
      ▲lasted on the average 3-5 hours
      ▲lasted a variable time from 5 minutes to several hours
      ▲lasted about half an hour
•超过（不到）[move than (less than)]
•……以前[two years ago]
•多在……时发生[usually between 3 and 5 PM]
•未发作过[be free of onsets (attacks) for 2 weeks]
6、症状的严重程度
•轻度[mild (slight)]
•中度[moderate]
•重度[severe (serious)]
7、症状的其他描述方法
•[部位]    ▲be located (situated) in (over)[位于]
        ▲There is localized pain in……[疼痛位于]
        ▲near……[在……附近]
        ▲be localized to (in, over)[局限于]
        ▲be limited (confined) to[局限于]
•[表示部位的介词]
        ▲心尖部，表示小的部位或点[at the apex]
        ▲上腹部，表示大的部位[in the upper abdomen]
        ▲在左下肢，表示皮肤表面上（下）的病变[on (beneath) the
left lower limb]
        ▲在右肺，表示正上方的相应体表部位[over the right lung]
        ▲嘴上（下）方，表示高低或上下的位置关系[above (below)
the mouth]
▲左乳皮下[under the skin of the left breast]
•[转移/放射]
        ▲转移到……[shift (migrate) to……]
        ▲放射到……[radiate (travel,go,refer)to……]
        ▲从……放射到……[radiate from……to……]
•[耳鼻咽喉及口腔症状]
        ▲耳痛[otalgia (pain of ears)]
        ▲耳鸣[tinnitus (ears ring)]
        ▲耳鸣[a buzzing (ringing,singing) in the ears]
        ▲左耳有耳鸣感[a buzzing sensation in the left ear]
        ▲耳聋[deafness (loss in hearing)]
        ▲左耳聋[be deaf of the left ear]
        ▲耳流脓[otorrhea (otopyorrhea)]
        ▲耳出血[otorrhagia]
        ▲耳垢[cerumen (earwax)]
        ▲耳血肿[othematoma]
        ▲鼻塞[nasal obstruction]
        ▲不能用鼻呼吸[be unable to breathe through (by) the nose
(nasal dyspnea)]
        ▲打喷涕和流涕[sneezing and nasal discharge]
        ▲水样鼻涕[watery rhinorrhea]
        ▲鼻出血[nosebleed]
        ▲咽喉痛[sore throat]
        ▲口吃[stuttering]
        ▲口臭[ozostomia (saburra,halitosis)]
        ▲张口困难[difficult (inability) to open the mouth]
        ▲张口（吞咽、嚼）困难[difficult in opening the mouth
(swallowing，masticating)]
        ▲咽下困难[dysphagia]
        ▲流涎多[have excessive salvation]
•[眼科及牙科症状]
        ▲眼睑浮肿[eyelid edema]
        ▲眼痛[pain in the eyes]
        ▲视边模糊[blurring of vision (blurred vision)]
        ▲过度流泪[excessive tearing (watering)]
        ▲视疲劳[asthenopia (visional tired)]
        ▲视力减退[hypopsia (diminution of vision)]
        ▲视力衰弱[ophthalmocopia]
        ▲远（近）视力模糊[indistinct distant (near) vision]
        ▲失明[loss of vision]
        ▲搏动性牙痛[throbbing pain of tooth (odontalgia)]
        ▲牙龈出血[gingival bleeding]
        ▲牙龈萎缩（增生）[gingival atrophy(hypertrophy)]
        ▲牙周溢脓[peripyema]
•[妇产科症状]
        ▲月经过多[excessive menstrual flow (menorrhagia)]
        ▲月经多并伴血块[experience menorrhagia with passage of
clots]
        ▲经量少（中等、多）[mild (moderate,heavy) menses]
        ▲月经过少[hypomenorrhea]
▲阴道出血[vaginal bleeding(colporrhagia)]
▲阴道大出血[massive (profuse) vaginal bleeding]
        ▲无痛性（性交后）阴道出血[painless(postcoital) vaginal
bleeding]
        ▲阴道干燥[colpoxerosis]
        ▲月经规则（不规则）[rugular (irregular) menstrual cycle]
        ▲月经周期26天，持续4天[menstrual periods of 26 days and
lasted 4 days]
        ▲白带增多[leukorrhagia (profuse leukorrhea or whites)]
        ▲外阴搔痒[pruritus of vulva]
        ▲外阴湿疹（白斑）[eczema (leukoplakia) of vulva]
        ▲绝经[amenorrhea]
        ▲停经[menopause]
        ▲停经3年[3 years post menopausal]
        ▲50岁停经[Passed menopause at age 50]
        ▲经前（期）痛[pain before (during) the flow]
        ▲预产期[expected date of confinement]
        ▲见红和破水[show and amniotic fluid escaped (rupture of
membranes)]
        ▲羊水过多（少）[polyhydramnios (oligohydramnios)]
        ▲月经期水肿[menstrual edema]
        ▲月经失调[menstrual disorder]
  ▲性欲正常（减退）[normal(decreased) libido]
    ▲无性欲[loss of libido]
      ▲性功能障碍[sexual disorder]
      ▲性变态[paraphilia]
      ▲性要求高（低）[be oversexed(undersexed)]
      ▲性感不快[dypareunia]
    ▲性欲亢进（减退）[hypersexuality (hyposexuality)]
      ▲产程[stage of labor]
      ▲产程延长[prolonged labor]
      ▲产道裂伤（损伤）[laceration (injury) of birth canal]
      ▲产后腹痛（出血，尿潴留，子痫）[postpartum tormina
(hemorrhage,retention of urine, eclampsia)]
      ▲产前出血[antepartum hemorrhage]
      ▲产前子痫[prenatal eclampsia]
      ▲产前检查[prenatal examination]
      ▲产褥热[puerperal fever]
      ▲产褥期护理[pureperal care]
      ▲妊娠呕吐[vomiting of pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum)]
      ▲妊娠反应[pregnancy reaction]
      ▲妊娠高血压（水肿）[gestation hypertension (edema)]
•[病程中的一般情况]
    ▲一般情况尚可（一般、差）[general condition is fair (ordinary, bad)]
    ▲胃纳佳（差）[have a good (poor) appetite]
    ▲过度进食[eat too much (overeat, eat heavily)]
    ▲过少进食[eat poorly (take little food)]
    ▲无食欲[have no appetite]
    ▲食欲减退[appetite decreases]
    ▲口渴[feel thirsty]
    ▲大量饮水[drink water generously]
    ▲体重增加[gain in weight]
    ▲体重增加8公斤[a 8 kilograms weight gain (gain 8 kilograms)]
    ▲体重减轻[loss of weight (weight loss)]
    ▲体重稳定不变[body weight is stable (unchanged, maintained)]
    ▲睡眠障碍[somnipathy]
    ▲睡眠不足[lack (want) of sleep]
    ▲不易入睡[have trouble getting to sleep]
    ▲容易入睡[fall into a sleep very easily]
    ▲睡眠过度[hypersomnia]
    ▲睡行症[sleep walking]
    ▲嗜（贪）睡[somnolence (be fond of sleep)]
    ▲夜晚因……而易醒[easily wakened at night because of……]
    ▲失眠[have insomnia]
    ▲睡眠差（好）[sleep is poor (good)]
    ▲消化不良[dyspepsia (have bad digestion)]
    ▲大（小）便通畅[stool (urination) is easy and smooth(unobstructed, clear)]
    ▲每日2次大便[have two stools daily]
    ▲含粘液的水样便[watery stools coutaining mucus]
    ▲便秘（腹泻）[constipation (diarrhea)]
    ▲排尿困难[difficulty in micturition]
    ▲尿频（急）[frequency(urgency) of micturition]
    ▲尿痛[micturition pain]
    ▲少尿（无尿、多尿）[oliguria (anuria, polyuria)]
    ▲大便失禁[fecal incontinence]
    ▲小便失禁[incontinence of urine]
    ▲精神不振[lassitude]
    ▲精神紧张（抑郁）[mental stress (depression)]
    ▲精神混乱[confusion]
    ▲精神失常[amentia (mental state is bad)]
    ▲精神状态正常[orthophrenia (mental state is good)]
    ▲体力旺盛（不足，正常）[hypersthenia (hyposthenia, euthesia)]

第四章 过去史、系统回顾和个人史
（Past history, systems review and personal history）
1、过去史[past history]
•无药物（食物）过敏史[no past history of allergy to drugs (food )]
•有青霉素过敏史[have allergic history of pencillin]
•有肺结核接触史[there was contact histoy of lung tuberculosis]
•2000年6月因急性阑尾切除术[Appendectomy was done in June, 2000 due to acute appendicitis]
•健康状况佳（差）[health state was good (bad)]
•既往体健[be well (healthy) before]
•否认既往心、肺疾病史[deny any history of prior heart and lung disease]
•10岁时（20年前）曾患过……[suffered from…… at age 10(20 years ago)]
•易患……[be liable (subjuct, apt) to……]
•不详[not in detail (not quite clear)]
•外伤史[rtauma history]
•预防接种史[history of preventive inoculation]
2、系统回顾[system review]
•呼吸系统：咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困难、胸痛、盗汗、发热[respiratory system: cough, sputum, short of breath, chest pain, night sweeting, fever.]
• 循环系统：心悸、胸痛、气促、咳嗽和咯血、水肿、晕厥、头晕[Circulatory system: palpitation, chest pain, short of breath, cough and hemoptysis, edema, syncope, dizziness.]
• 消化系统：嗳气、返酸、腹胀、腹痛、腹泻、恶心和呕吐[alimentary system: belching, sour regurgitation, abdominal distension, abd. pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.]
•泌尿系统：排尿困难、尿频和尿急、尿痛、腹痛、水肿[urinary system: difficulty in micturition, frequency and rugency of micturition, painful micturition, abdominal pain, edema.]
•造血系统：乏力、头晕、心悸、出血[hematopoietic system:fatigue, dizziness, palpitation, bleeding.]
• 内分泌系统：心悸、怕热、多汗、烦渴、水肿、手抖、消瘦和肥胖[endocrine system: palpitation, heat intolerance, excessive sweeting, polydipsia, edema, hand tremble, wasting and obesity.]
•神经系统：头痛、晕厥、头晕和眩晕、失眠、偏瘫、失语[nervous system: headache, coma, dizziness and vertigo, insomnia, hemiplegia, aphasia.]
•运动系统：关节痛、麻木、跛行、瘫痪[motor system: joint pain, numbness, claudication, paralysis.]
3、个人史[personal history]
•出生于（出生地）[was born in (birthplace)]
•出生后一直生活[have lived in……(there) since birth]
•曾（未曾）去过北方[have (deny having) been to the north]
•受教育程度（文盲、小学、中学、大学）[educational level (illiterate, primary, middle, high grade)]
•业余爱好[hobby (be fond of, be keen of, interest)]
•从事……职业[be engaged in]
•卫生习惯和嗜好[health habit and special addiction]
•不洁性交（性行为）史[history of unclean coitus (sexual behavior)]
•不吸烟[ no smoking(not a smoker)]
•吸烟20年，每天2包[have smoked two packages of cigarette a day for 20 years]
•戒烟[give up (stop) smoking]
•戒烟[smoking abstinence (withdrawal)]
•不饮酒[no alcohol use]
•偶而少量饮酒[drink little liquor occasionally]
•过度饮酒[drink heavily (too much)]
•每天饮酒0.5公斤[drink (imbibe) about 0.5 kilogram a day]
•酒精性饮料[alcoholic beverage]
•偏食[food preference (particular with food)]
•无偏食[no likes or dislikes in food]
•偏爱……[have partiality for (showe favoritism to, be partial to, like)]

第五章 月经、婚姻、生育史和家族史
[Menstrual, marrital and childbearing history and family history]
1、月经史[menstrual history]
•初潮年龄[age of menarche]
•月经周期[menstrual cycle]
•行经期[menstrual period]
•未次月经时间[last menstrual period (LMP)]
•闭经年龄[age of menostasis]
•白带过多[profuse leukorrhea (whites)]
•月经过多[menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea, menometrorrhagia)]
•月经过少[hypomenorrhea (scantymenstruation)]
•月经过频[polymenorrhea]
•月经稀发[oligomenorrhea]
•月经不调[menoxenia (irregular menses, menstrual disorder)]
•月经正常[eumenorrhea (regular menses)]
•经前水肿（疼痛）[premenstrual edema (pain)]
•经量少（中、大）量[mild (moderate, heavy) meustrual blood]
•痛经[dysmenorrhea (pain during the flow)]
•36岁就停经了[pass the menopause at age 36]
2、婚姻史[marrital history]
•未婚（已婚）[single (married)]
•结婚年龄[age of wedding]
•配偶的健康状况[health status of partner (spouse)]
•性生活和谐（不和谐）[sexual life is harmonious (disorder)]
•夫妻关系和睦（不和睦）[relation of husband and wife is amicable (hostile)]
•近亲（非近亲）结婚[consanguineous (nonconsanguineous) marriage]
3、生育史[childbearing history]
•妊娠（生育）次数和年龄[times and age of pregnancy (childbearing)]
•怀孕和生产次数[pregnancies and labors]
•人工（自然）流产次数[times of induced (spontaneous) abortion (miscarriage)]
•流产 [miscarriage(abortion)]
•死胎（产）[dead fetus (birth)]
•割腹产[caesarean birth (be born by caesarean section)]
•子女数[number of children]
•早产（儿）[premature birth (bady)]
•足月产[term labor]
•产褥热（感染）[puerperal fever (infection)]
•计划生育[family planning (birth control)]
•用避孕环（药、油膏、套、栓）避孕[contraception by intrauterine ring (contraceptives, ointment, condom, supposity)]
•节育手术[contraceptive operation]
•自然分娩[be delivered normally and spontaneously(spontaneous labor)]
•产钳分免[forceps delivery(be delivered by forceps)
•产前（后）子痫[antepartum(postpartum) eclampsia]
•出生时3.5公斤重，48厘米高[3.5 kilograms and 48cm in height at birth]
•母乳喂养[breast feeding (be fed at breast)]
•人工喂养[artificial feeding]
•发育正常[normal development]
•发育异常(停顿、缺陷、畸形)[developmental anomaly(arrest,defect,deformity)]
•发育迟缓（过渡）[hypoevolutism(hypergenesis)]
4、家庭史[family history]
•父母（兄弟，姐妹和儿女）的健康状况和疾病情况[health status and illness
of parents (brothers,sisters and children)]
•同样疾病[the same sickness]
•遗传疾病[heredopathia (genetic disease)]
•遗传特征[hereditary feature]
•死因[cause of death]
•健康[be healthy (be in good healthy)]
•健在[be living and well]
•无……家族史[no family history of ……]
•死于……[die of……]

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

第六章 体检（一般项目）[Physical examination(general items)]
•视诊[inspection]
•触诊[palpation]
•叩诊[percussion]
•听诊[auscultation]
•嗅诊[olfactory examination]
•浅（深）触诊法[light (deep) palpation]
•深部滑行（深压，双手，冲击）触诊法[deep slipping (deep press,bimanual,ballottement]
•间接（直接）叩诊[indirect (direct) percussion]
•叩诊音（过清音，清音，浊音，鼓音，实音）[percussion sound (hyperresonance,resonance,dullness,tympany,flatness)]
•用钟（膜）型胸件听诊[with the bell (diaphragmatic) chestpiece ]
1、体温[temperature, T]
•口（腋、肛）温[oral (axillary, rectal) temperature]
•经口（腋、肛）测的温度[per mouth (axilla, rectum)]
•摄氏与华氏换算[Centigrade VS Fahrenheit]
℃=5/9(℉-32)
℉=9/5℃+32
℃～℉ ℃～℉
36.5～97.7 38.5～101.3
37.0～98.6 38.9～102.0
37.2～99.0 39.0～102.2
37.5～99.5 39.4～103.0
37.8～100            40.0～104.0
38.0～100.4           40.5～104.9
38.3～101.0           41.0～105.8
•37.5℃.orally(99.5℉)[口温摄氏37.5度（华氏99.5度）]
2、脉搏[pulse, P]
•脉率72次/分[pulse 72 beats per minute(P 72 bpm)]
•搏动存在（消失）[pulse are present (absent)]
•速（缓）脉[fast (slow) pulse]
•洪（细丝）脉[bounding (small, thready) pulse]
•水冲脉[water hammer pulse]
•交替脉[alternating pulse]
•奇脉[paradoxical]
•二联（三联）脉[bigeminal (trigeminal) pulse]
•重脉[dicrotic pulse]
•间歇脉[intermittent pulse]
•陷落脉[collapsing]
•不规则（规则）脉[irregular(regular) pulse]
3、呼吸[respiration, R]
•呼吸频率[respiratory rate (RR)]
•呼吸频率19次/分[RR 19 beats/min (R 19 bpm)]
•规则（不规则）呼吸[regular (irregular) breathing]
•呼吸均匀[eupnea]
•呼吸急促（缓慢）[repid (slow) breathing]
•呼吸停止（中断）[pausal (interrupted) breathing]
•呼吸骤停[breath arrest]
•深（浅）呼吸[deep (superficial) breathing]
•呼吸困难[dyspna (short of breath)]
•呼吸费力[labored breathing]
•胸（腹）式呼吸[thoracic (abdominal) breathing]
•张口呼吸[mouth (buccal) breathing]
•周期性呼吸[periodic respiration]
•库斯毛氏呼吸[Kussmaul`s respiration]
•陈-施（潮式）呼吸[Cheyne-Stokes (tidal) respiration]
•间歇呼吸[Biot`s breathing]
•叹息样（胎儿,鼾样）呼吸[sighing (fetal, stertorous) respiration]
•口臭[have foul (fetid) breath (halitosis)]
•酮味呼吸[a smell of ketone]
•静息下（活动时）气促[dyspnea at rest (on exertion)]
•丙酮（氨臭，蒜臭）味[acetone (ammoniacal, alliaceous) odor]
•肝臭[hepaticus fetor]
•腋臭[bromidrosis]
4、血压[blood pressure, BP]
•收缩（舒张）压[systolic (diastolic) blood pressure]
•血压20/12千帕（150/90毫米汞柱）[BP 20/12 kPa(150/90mmHg)]
1kPa=7.5mmHg (1mmHg=0.1333kPa)
•血压为收缩压20，舒张压12千帕[Bp is 20 over 12 (Bp is 20 systolic and 12 diastolic)]
•测量血压[take (measure, check ) Bp]
•坐（卧）位血压[sitting (lying) Bp]
•无创（有创）血压[non-invasive (invasive) Bp]
•脉压[pulse pressure]
•血压测不出[Bp is unavailable (unobtained)]
•左臂（右臂）血压[Bp in left (right) arm]
•双下肢血压[Bp in both lower limbs]
•袖带[cuff]
5、体位[position]
•主动（被动、强迫）体位[active (passive, forced ) position]
•立（坐、卧）位[upright (sitting, dorsal) position]
•仰卧（俯卧）位[supine (prone) position]
•左（右）侧卧位[left (right) lateral (decubitus) position]
•蜷腿位[coiled position]
•半卧位[semi-reclining (semi-recumbent) position]
•端坐位[orthopnea position]
•胸膝（膝肘）位[knee-chest (knee-elbow) position]
•截石（分娩）位[dorsosacral (obstetric) position]
•角弓反张位[opisthotonus position]
•强迫蹲位[compulsive squattin]
•辗转体位[alternative position]
•头高（低）脚低（高）位[high (low) head and low(high) legs]
6、神志和意识[consciousness and mind]
•清醒（半清醒的）[alert (semi-conscious)]
•昏迷（半昏迷）的[comatose (semi-comatose)]
•无精打采的[listless]
•思睡的[somnolent (drowsy, sleepy)]
•昏睡的[lethargic]
•焦虑不安的[anxious (restless, apprehensive)]
•激动的[excited (irritable)]
•精神错乱的[confused]
•意识障碍[distrubance of consciousness]
•谵妄[delirium]
•抽搐[convulsion]
•木僵的[stuporous]
•合作佳（欠佳、差）[cooperation is good (not good enough, bad)]
•反应迟钝[have a dull reaction]
•有（无）定向力[be oriented (disoriented)]
•朦胧状态[be in a mist tent]
•神志模糊[blurred (dim, vague) mind]
•失去知觉[loss consciousness(unconsciousness)]
•对疼痛刺激的反应[reaction to painful stimuli]
7、面容[facial features]
•呈急（慢）性面容[be in acute (chronic) distress]
•病然面容[critical facies]
•濒死面容[hippocratic facies]
•苦笑面容[sardonic facies]
•表情不安 [anxious (distressing) expression]
•神情憔悴[ haggard expression]
•贫血（肾病、肝病）面容[anemic (nephrotic, hepatic) facies]
•二尖瓣（伤寒）面容[mitral (typhoid) facies]
•满月（面具）面容[moon (masked) facies]
•肢端肥大症面容[acromegaly facies]
•甲亢（粘液性水肿）面容[hyperthyroid (myxedema) facies]
•老年貌[senile feature]
•颜面潮红（苍白）[reddy (pale) facies]
•面色红润[florid facies]
8、发育[development]
•身高[body height (length)]
•身材（高大、矮小）[stature (tall, dwarf)]
•体格（强壮、脆弱）[physique (strong, weak)]
•青春期[adolescent spurt]
•体型[habitus]
▲无力（乏力、超力）型[asthenic (ortho-sthenic, sthenic) type]
▲巨人症（重体侏儒症、奄人症）[gigantism (pituitary dwarfism, eunuochism)]
▲运动员体型[athletic type]
▲矮胖（瘦长）型[stocky (lanky) type]
•一位发育良好（中等）的病人[a well (middle)-developed patient]
•发育不良（异常）[hypoplasia (dysplasia)]
•身高171厘米[177cm in height]
9、营养[nutrition]
•营养良好（中等、不良）[well (middle, under)-nourished]
•良好、不良，中等[well (poorly, fairly)]
•肥胖[obesity (overweight,fat)]
•消瘦[emaciation (underweight, thin, lean)]
•恶液质[cachexia]
•水牛背[buffalo hump]
10、姿势与步态[posture and gait]
•共济失调步态[ataxic (incoordination) gait]
•剪刀步态[scissors gait]
•慌张步态[festinating gait]
•跨域步态[steppage gait]
•摇摆步态[swaying gait]
•蹒跚步态[reeling (staggering, waddling) gait]
•闭目难立征[Romberg`s sign]
•间歇性跛行[intermittent claudication]
11、皮肤与粘膜[skin and mucosa]
▲颜色[color]
▲苍白（红色、暗红、潮红、粉红色）[pallor (redness, dusky redness, flush, pinky)]
▲显得苍白[be (look) pale]
▲紫绀（手足发绀）[cyanosis (acrocyanosis)]
▲黄疸（黄染）[jaundice (stained yellow)]
▲黑色素[melanin]
▲色素沉着过多（减退）[hyper pigmentation (depigmentation)]
▲色素沉着增加(减少)[pigmentation increase（decrease）]
▲白癜（白斑）[vitiligo (leukoplakia)]
▲雀斑（老年斑）[fleck (senile plague)]
▲紫（妊娠）纹[purple (pregnant) striae]
▲多血症[be plethoric]
▲重度（中度、轻度）紫绀[be severely (moderately, slightly) cyanosis]
•湿度与弹性[moisture and elasticity]
▲干燥（湿润）的[dry (moist)]
▲湿冷[cold moist]
▲冷（暖、热）[cool (warm, hot)]
▲光滑（粗糙）的[smooth (rough)]
▲光亮的[shing]
▲紧张（松弛）的[taut (loose)]
▲软（硬）[soft (hard)]
▲鳞状（皱纹）的[scaly (wrinkling)]
▲有（无）弹性的[elastic (inelastic)]
▲萎缩（肥厚）的[atrophic (hypertrophic)]
▲皮下气肿[subcutaneous emphysema]
▲全身（局限）性水肿[anasarca (localized edema)]
▲凹陷性（非凹陷性）水肿（加重、减轻、消退）[pitting (non-pitting) edema (increase, decrease, subside)]
•皮损[skin lesions]
▲皮疹[skin eruption]
▲斑疹[maculae]
▲玟瑰疹[roseola (rose spots)]
▲丘疹[papule]
▲斑丘疹[maculopapule]
▲风疹[rubella]
▲疱疹[belbs]
▲斑片[patch]
▲斑块[plaque]
▲荨麻疹[urticaria (hives)]
▲脱皮（屑）[desquamation (excoriation)]
▲蜘蛛痣[spider angioma]
▲皮下小结[subcutaneous nodules]
▲瘢痕[scar]
▲痱子[sudamen]
▲水（血、脓）疱[water (blood, pus ) bpister]
▲小（大）水疱[vesicle (bulla)]
▲单纯疱疹[herpes simplex]
▲风团（囊肿、肿瘤）[wheal (cyst, tumor)]
▲皮屑（鳞屑）[furfur (scale)]
▲结痂（焦痂）[crust (eschar)]
▲溃疡（糜烂、皱裂）[ulcer (erosion, fissure)]
▲肝掌（朱砂掌）[liver (erythema) palms]
▲黄褐斑[chloasma]
▲环形红斑[circinate erythema]
▲黑痣[pigmented nevas]
▲胎记[birthmark]
▲疣（鸡眼）[werruca (clavus)]
▲冻疮[pernio]
▲褥疮[bedsore (decubitus)]
▲渗液[exudate]
•出血[bleeding]
▲瘀点[petechia]
▲紫癜[purpura]
▲瘀斑[ecchymosis]
▲血肿[hematoma]
▲片状出血[splinter hemorrhage]
▲渗血[oozing of the blood]
▲压之褪色[blanch on pressure]
12、头发与指甲[hair and nail]
•头发（稀疏、浓密、秃头）的[hair (sparse, dense, bald)]
•头皮[scalp]
•粗（细）[coarse (fine)]
•密（疏）[thick (thin)]
•干性（油性）[dry (oily)]
•有（无）光泽的[lustrous (lusterless)]
•多（少、无）毛[hairy (oligotrichosis, hairless)]
•脱发（斑秃、全秃）[hair loss (alopecia areata, baldness)]
•眉毛（阴毛、腋毛）稀少（过多）[scant (excessive) eyebrows (public hair, axillary hair)]
•体毛（胡须）[body hair(beard) ]
•全身性多毛症[hypertrichosis universalis]
•毛发的性状和分布[quality and distribution of the hair]
•甲变形（匙状甲）[deformities of nail (spoonnail)]
•薄（脆）甲[thin (brittle) nail]
•甲脱落[ongchoptosis]
13、浅表淋巴结[superficial lymph nodes]
•浅表淋巴结未扪及[be no palpable superficial lymph nodes (…can not be palpated)]
•淋巴结肿大[enlarged lymph nodes (lymphnode enlargement)]
•部位[site]
▲全身（局部）[general (local)]
▲耳前（后）淋巴结[pre(post)-auricular nodes]
▲枕后淋巴结[occipital nodes]
▲颏下淋巴结[submental nodes]
▲下颌淋巴结[submaxillary nodes]
▲颈前（后）淋巴结[anterior (posterior) cervical nodes]
▲  锁骨上淋巴结[supraclavicular nodes]
▲滑车上淋巴结[epitrochlear nodes]
▲腋窝上（内侧，前，后，外侧）淋巴结[axillary top (medial,anterior,posterior,lateral)]
▲腹股沟淋巴结（横组，纵组）[inguinal nodes (transverse group,longitudinal group) lymphnode]
•大小[size]
▲4×2cm大小[4 by 2 cm in diameter (size)]
▲米粒（豌豆，核桃，小指，拇指，拳头，手掌，鸡蛋）大小[size of a rice grain (pea,walnut,small,ringer,thumb,fist,palm,hen’s egg)]
▲针头大小[pinhead size]
▲苹果大小[size of an apple]
▲小孩头（成人大小）[size of aThumbs down infant’s(man’s) head]
•形态[shape]
▲不规则[irregular]
▲结节（颗粒、纺锤）状的[tuberous (granular,spindle-shaped)]
▲光滑（粗糙）的[smooth (coarse)]
▲平坦（凹凸不平）的[flat (uneven)]
▲球（椭园，卵园，园）形的[globular (elliptical,oval,circular)]
•硬度和活动度[hardness and mobility]
▲硬（软）[hard (soft)]
▲石头（骨）样硬[of stone-like (bone-like)]
▲可活动（固定）的[movable (fixed)]
▲与周围组织（结构）固定[be fixed to the surrounding tissues (structures)]
▲压痛[tenderness]
▲融合（粘连）[fusion (adhesion)]
▲肿胀（疤痕）[swelling (fistula)]

第七章 体检（头颈部）[Physical examination(head and neck)]

1、头颅[cranium,skull]
•头颅变形[deforming skull]
•头形（围）[head contour (circumference)]
•小颅（尖颅，巨颅）[microcephalism (acrocephalia,large skull)]
•长（短）头[dolichocephalia (brachycephalism)]
•方（塔）颅[squared (tower) skull]
•落日现象[sitting sun phenomenon]
•颅缝[cranial suture]
•前（后）囟门[anterior (posterior) fontanel]
•囟门膨出（塌陷）[bulging (edpressed) fontanel]
•囟门晚（早）闭[delayded (earlier) closure of the fontanel]
2、眼球[eyeball]
•眼球浮动[ocular bobbing]
•眼球破裂[eyeball rupture]
•眼球穿孔伤[ocular-perforating injury]
•眼球内异物[intralcular foreign body]
•眼距增宽（变窄）[ocular hypertelorism (hypotelorism)]
•眼球萎缩[atrophy of eyeball]
•眼球突出（凹陷）[exophthalmos (enophthalmos)]
•眼球震颤[nystagmus]
•眼球固定[eyeball fixation (stare)]
•眼球活动受限[limitation of eye movement]
•假眼[ocular prosthesis]
•眼外肌运动[extraocular movements]
3、眼睑[eyelids]
•睑内（外）翻[entropion (ectropion)]
•流泪[lacrimation]
•上睑下垂[ptosis]
•眼睑痉挛（松驰）[blepharospasm (blepharo-chalasis)]
•眼睑水肿（红肿）[edema (redness and swelling) of the eyelids]
•瞬目过少[nictitation diminution(lid lag )]
•瞬目过多[frequent nictitation (blinking)]
•眼裂缩小（增宽）[blepharophimosis (blepharodia stasis)]
•眼睑充血[blepharal hyperemia]
•泪囊[lacrimal sac]

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

http://www.fane.cn/forum_view.as ... id=35936&page=1

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

英文组胚学常用词汇  http://bbs.biomsn.com/redirect.php?tid=2508&goto=lastpost
cell细胞
cell membrane细胞膜
unit membrane单位膜
fluid-mosaic model“液态镶嵌模型”
integrated protein 整合蛋白
peripheral protein外周蛋白
intrinsic protein内在蛋白
extrinsic protein外在蛋白
cell coat细胞衣
carrier protein载体蛋白
endocytosis胞吞作用
phagocytosis吞噬作用
exocytosis胞吐作用
signal transduction信息跨膜传导
receptor受体
cytoplasm细胞质
cytosol细胞液
cytoplasmic matrix细胞基质
organelles细胞器
mitochondria线粒体
elementary particle基粒
ribosome核糖体
polyribosome多聚核糖体
endoplasmic reticulum,ER内质网
rough endoplasmic reticulum,rER粗面内质网
smooth endoplasmic reticulum,sER滑面内质网
Golgi complex高尔基复合体
cis Golgi network,CGN顺面高尔基网
forming face生成面
cis face of the Golgi complex顺面
trans face of the Golgi complex反面
trans Golgi network,TGN反面高尔基复合体
mature face 成熟面
lysosome溶酶体
primary lysosome初级溶酶体
secondary lysosome 次级溶酶体
peroxisome 过氧化物酶体
microbody微体
centrosome中心体
centrioles中心粒
inclusions包涵物
secretory granule分泌颗粒
glycogen granule糖原颗粒
lipid droplet脂滴
cytoskeleton细胞骨架
microfilament微丝
actin球状肌动蛋白原
microtubule微管
tubulin微管蛋白
intermediate filament中间丝
keratin filament角蛋白丝
desmin filament结蛋白丝
vimentin filament波形蛋白丝
neurofilament神经丝
neuroglia filament神经胶质丝
nucleus细胞核
nuclear envelope核膜（核被膜）
nuclear pore核孔
chromatin染色质
euchromatin常染色质
heterochromatin异染色质
chromosome染色体
euchromosome常染色体
sexchromosome性染色体
Barr body巴尔小体
nucleosome核小体
gene基因
nucleolus核仁
nuclearskeleton核骨架
cell cycle细胞周期
interphase period分裂间期
end cell终末细胞
cell division细胞分裂
amitosis无丝分裂
mitosis有丝分裂
prophase前期
metaphase中期
anaphase后期
telophase末期
meiosis减数分裂

cartilage and bone
catilage 软骨
hyaline cartilage 透明软骨
chondrocyte 软骨细胞
catilage lacuna 软骨陷窝
isogenous group 同源细胞群
cartilage capsule 软骨囊
perichondrium 软骨膜
interstitial growth 间质生长
appositional growth 外加生长
fibrous cartilage 纤维软骨
osseous tissue 骨组织
bone matrix 骨基质
osteocalcin 骨钙蛋白
osteopontin 骨桥蛋白
bone lamella 骨板
osteogenic cell 骨原细胞
osteonectin 骨粘连蛋白
osteoblast 成骨细胞
osteoid 类骨质
matrix vesicle 基质小泡
osteocyte 骨细胞
bone lacuna 骨陷窝
osteoclast 破骨细胞
ruffled border 皱褶缘
bone marrow 骨髓
spongy bone 骨松质
compact bone 骨密质
circumferential lamella 环骨板
osteon 骨单位
Haversian system 哈弗系统
Volkmann canal 福克曼管
Performing canal 穿通管
central canal 中央管
cement line 粘合线
Sharpey ’ s fiber 夏皮纤维
intertitial lamella 间骨板
periosteum 骨外膜
endosteum 骨内膜
intramembranous ossifcation 膜内成骨
osteogenesis 骨发生
ossification center 骨化中心
endochondral ossification 软骨内成骨
bone collar 骨领

Epithelial tissue
epithelium 上皮
polarity 极性
covering epithelium 被覆上皮
simple squamous 内皮
mesothelium 间皮
simple cuboidal epithelium 单层立方上皮
simple columnar epithelium 单层柱状上皮
goblet cell 杯状细胞
mucinogen granule 粘原颗粒
simple ciliated columnar epithelium 单层纤毛柱状上皮
pseudostratified cilated colunar epithelium 假复层纤毛柱状上皮
stratified squamnous epithelium 复层扁平上皮
pseudostratified columnar epithelium 假复层柱状上皮
stratified squamous epithelium 复层扁平上皮
stratified colunar epithelium 复层柱状上皮
transitional epithelium 变移上皮
glandular epithelium 腺上皮
exocrine gland 外分泌腺
endocrine gland 内分泌腺
acinus 腺泡
simple gland 单腺
compound gland 复腺
protein-secreting cell 蛋白质分泌细胞
serous cell 浆液性细胞
glycoprotein-secreting cell 糖蛋白分泌细胞
mucoprotein mucin 粘蛋白
mucus 粘液
mucous cell 粘液性细胞
steroid secreting cell 类固醇分泌细胞
microvillus 微绒毛
striated border 纹状缘
brush border 刷状缘
terminal web 终末网
cilium 纤毛
basal body 基体
dynein 动力蛋白
cell juction 细胞连接
tight juction 紧密连接
zonula occludens 闭锁小带
intermediate juction 中间连接
zonula adherens 粘着小带
desmosome 桥粒
macula adherens 粘着斑
gap junction 缝隙连接
communication junction 通讯连接
junctional complex 连接复合体
basement membrane 基膜
basal lamina 基板
reticular lamina 网板
lamina lucide 透明层
lamina densa 致密层
laminin 粘连蛋白
hemidesmosome 半桥粒
plasma membrane infolding 质膜内褶
Introduction
histology 胚胎学
embryology 组织学
development of human 人体发生学
fixation 固定
hematoxylin 苏木精
eosin 伊红
basophilia 嗜碱性
acidophilia 嗜酸性
neutrophilia 中性
confocal laser scanning microscope 激光共聚焦显微镜
electron microscope 电子显微镜
transmission electron microscope 透射电子显微镜
scanning electron microscope 扫描电子显微镜
histochemistry 组织化学
Feulgen reaction 福尔根反应
immunohistochemistry 免疫组织化学
in situ hybridization 原位杂交
in vitro culture 体外培养
test tube baby 试管婴儿
in vitro fertilizetion and embryon transfer 体外受精与胚胎移植
intractoplssmic sperm injection 第二代试管婴儿
clone 克隆
embryonic stem cell 胚胎干细胞
self-renew 自我更新
diffrentiation 分化
tissue engineering 组织工程
血液和血的发生
blood血液
plasma血浆
serum血清
erythrocyte红细胞
red blood cell红细胞
hemoglobin,Hb血红蛋白
deformability形态的可变性
erythrocyte membrane skeleton红细胞膜骨架
spectrin血影蛋白
hemolysis溶血
ghost血影
reticulocyte网织红细胞
leukocyte白细胞
white blood cell白细胞
neutrophilic granulocyte中性粒细胞
neutrophil中性粒细胞
eosinophilic granulocyte嗜酸性粒细胞
eosibophil嗜酸性粒细胞
basophilic granulocyte嗜碱性粒细胞
basophil嗜碱性粒细胞
monocyte单核细胞
lymphocyte淋巴细胞
thymus dependent lymphocyte胸腺依赖淋巴细胞
bone marrow dependent lymphocyte骨髓依赖淋巴细胞
nature killer cell自然杀伤细胞
blood platelet血小板
granulomere颗粒区
hyalomere透明区
platelet derived growth factor,PDGF血小板源性生长因子
thrombospondin凝血酶敏感蛋白
hemopoiesis血发生
red bone marrow红骨髓
yellow bone marrow黄骨髓
hemopoietic inductive microenvironment,HIM造血诱导微环境
stromal cell基质细胞
erythroblastic islet幼红细胞岛
hemopoietic stem cell造血干细胞
multipotential stem cell多能干细胞
spleen colony脾集落
clone克隆
colony forming unit,CFU-S脾集落生成单位
hemopoietic progenitor造血祖细胞
committed stem cell定向干细胞
colony stimulating factor,CSF集落刺激因子
erythropoietin,EPO红细胞生成素
colony forming unit granulocyte monocyte,CFU-GM粒-单核细胞集落生成单位
thrombopoietin血小板生成素
proerythroblast原红细胞
basophilic erythroblast早幼红细胞（嗜酸性成红细胞）
polychromatophilic erythroblast中幼红细胞（多染性成红细胞）
normoblast晚红细胞（正红细胞）
myeloblast原粒细胞
promyelocyte早幼粒细胞（前髓细胞）
myelocyte中幼粒细胞（髓细胞）
metamyelocyte晚幼粒细胞（后髓细胞）
monoblast原单核细胞
promonocyte幼单核细胞
megakaryoblast原巨核细胞
promegakaryocyte幼巨核细胞
muscle tissue
muscle fiber 肌纤维
sarcolemma 肌膜
sarcoplasm 肌浆
myofilament 肌丝
skeletal muscle 骨骼肌
endomysium 肌内膜
epimysium 肌外膜
perimysium 肌束膜
myofibril 肌原纤维
cross striation 横纹
sarcomere 肌节
thick myoflilament 粗肌丝
myosin 肌球蛋白
cross bridge 横桥
actin 肌动蛋白
tropomyosin 原肌球蛋白
troponin 肌钙蛋白
transverse tubule 横小管
sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌浆网
longitudinal tubule 纵小管
terminal cisternae 终池
triad 三联体
cardiac muscle 心肌
intercalated disk 闰管
diad 二联体
smooth muscle 平滑肌
caveola 小凹
dense patch 密斑
denase body 密体
intermediated filament 中间丝
神经系统
nerve tissue神经组织
nerve cell神经细胞
neuroglial cell神经胶质细胞
neuron神经元
dendrite树突
axon轴突
excitable membrane可兴奋膜
ionic channel离子通道
voltage-gated channel电位门控通道
chemically-gated channel化学门控通道
perikaryon核周体
Nissl body尼氏体
neurofibril神经原纤维
neurotransmitter神经递质
neuromodulator神经调质
neurofilament神经丝
cytoskeleton细胞骨架
secretory neuron分泌神经元
dendritic spine树突棘
spine apparatus棘器
axon hillock轴丘
axolemma轴膜
axoplasm轴质
axonal transport轴突运输
anterograde axonal transport顺向轴突运输
retrograde axonal transport逆向轴突运输
pseudounipolar neuron假单极神经元
peripheral process周围突
central process中枢突
bipolar neuron 双极神经元
multipolar neuron多极神经元
sensory neuron感觉神经元
afferent neuron传入神经元
motor neuron运动神经元
efferent neuron传出神经元
Golgi type I neuron高尔基I型神经元
Golgi type II neuron高尔基II型神经元
interneuron中间神经元
cholinergic neuron胆碱能神经元
aminergic neuron胺能神经元
aminoacidnergic neuron氨基酸能神经元
peptidergic neuron肽能神经元
synapse突触
chemical synapse化学突触
electrical synapse电突触
presynaptic element突触前成分
synaptic cleft突触间隙
postsynaptic element突触后成分
presynaptic membrane突触前膜
postsynaptic membrane突触后膜
synaptic knob突触小体
synaptic bouton突触扣结
synaptic vesicle突触小泡
synapsin突触素
dense projection锥体致密突起
glial cell胶质细胞
astrocyte星型胶质细胞
fibrous astrocyte纤维性星型胶质细胞
glial filament胶质丝
glial fibrillary acidic protin,GFAP胶质原纤维酸性蛋白
protoplasmic astrocyte原浆性星型胶质细胞
end feet脚板
glial limitans胶质界膜
neurotrophic factor神经营养因子
oligodendrocyte少突胶质细胞
myelin-associated glycoprotein,MAG髓磷质连结糖蛋白
microglial cell小胶质细胞
ependymal cell室管膜细胞
ependyma室管膜
tanycyte伸长细胞
neurolemmal cell神经膜细胞
Schwann cell施万细胞
satellite cell卫星细胞
nerve fiber神经纤维
myelinated nerve fiber有髓神经纤维
Ranvier node朗飞结
internode结间体
Schmidt-Lantermann incisure施-兰切痕
myelin髓磷质
nerve神经
endoneurium神经内膜
perineurium神经束膜
perineural epithelium神经束膜上皮
epineurium神经外膜
nerve ganglion神经节
cerebrospinal ganglion脑脊神经节
vegetative ganglion植物性神经节
principal ganglion cell主节细胞
small intensely fluorescene cell,SIF细胞 小强荧光细胞
nerve ending神经末梢
sensory nerve ending感觉神经末梢
free nerve ending游离神经末梢
encapsulated nerve ending 有被膜神经末梢
tactile corpuscle,Meissner小体 触觉小体
lamellar corpuscle,Pacinian小体
muscle spindle肌梭
intrafusal muscle fiber梭内肌纤维
motor nerve ending运动神经末梢
somatic motor nerve ending 躯体运动神经末梢
motor unit运动单位
motor end plate运动终板
neuromuscular juction肌-神经连接
visceral motor nerve ending内脏神经末梢
varicosity串珠样膨体
brain脑
spinal cord脊髓
grey matter灰质
white matter白质
cortex皮质
Renshaw cell任肖细胞
pyramidal cell锥体细胞
fusiform cell梭形细胞
granular cell颗粒细胞
horizontal cell水平细胞
stellate cell卫星细胞
basket cell篮状细胞
molecular layer分子层
external granular layer外颗粒层
external pyramidal layer外锥体细胞层
internal granular layer内颗粒层
internal pyramidal layer内锥体细胞层
polymorphic layer多形细胞层
Purkinje cell浦肯野细胞
molecular layer分子层
stellate cell卫星细胞
basket cell篮状细胞
Purkinje cell layer浦肯野细胞层
granular layer颗粒层
climbing fiber攀缘纤维
mossy fiber苔藓纤维
cerebellar glomerulus小脑小球
dura mater硬膜
arachnoid蛛网膜
pia mater软膜
perivascular space血管周隙
blood-brain barrier,BBB血-脑屏障
循环系统
capillary 毛细血管
pericyte 周细胞
continuous capillary 连续毛细血管
fenestrasted capillary 有孔毛细血管
sinusoid 血窦
sinusoid capillary 窦状毛细血管
discontinuous capillary 连续毛细血管
capillary permeability 毛细血管通透性
medium-sized artery 中动脉
muscular artery 肌性动脉
tunica intima 内膜
plasmalemma vesicle 质膜小泡
endothelin 内皮素
subenothelial layer 内皮下层
internal elastic membrane 内弹性膜
tunica media 中膜
tunica adventitia 外膜
external elastic membrane 外弹性膜
large artery 大动脉
elastic artery 弹性动脉
small artery 小动脉
arteride 微动脉
venule 微静脉
postcapillary venule 毛细血管后微静脉
small vein 小静脉
medium-sized vein 中静脉
large vein 大静脉
valves of vein 静脉瓣
microcirculation 微静脉
precapillary arteriole 毛细血管前微静脉
metarteriole 中间微静脉
true capillary 真毛细血管
precapillary sphincter 毛细血管前括约肌
thoroughfare channel 直捷通路
arteriovenous anatomosis 动静脉吻合
vasa vasorum 营养血管
neuropeotide Y 神经肽Y
vasoactive intestinal peptide 血管活性肠肽
calcitonin gene-related peptide 降钙素基因相关肽
endocardium 心内膜
subendocardial layer 心内膜下层
myocardium 心肌膜
cardiac skeleton 心骨骼
arterial natriuretic peptide 心房钠尿肽
epicardium 心外膜
serous membrane 浆膜
cardial valve 心瓣膜
pacemaker cell 起搏细胞
transitional cell 移行细胞
Purkinje cell 浦肯野纤维
lymphatic capillary 毛细淋巴管
lymphatic vessel 淋巴管
lymphatic duct 淋巴导管
免疫系统
immune system免疫系统
lymphoid organ淋巴器官
lymphoid tissue淋巴组织
lymphocyte淋巴细胞
nonself cell异体细胞
thymus dependent lympgocyte胸腺依赖淋巴细胞
T help cell,Th辅助T细胞
T suppress cell,Ts抑制T细胞
T cytotoxicity,Tc细胞毒T细胞
target cell靶细胞
bone marrow dependent lymphocyte骨髓依赖淋巴细胞
plasma cell浆细胞
large granular lymphocyte,LGL大颗粒淋巴细胞
killer cell,K细胞 杀伤细胞
nature killer cell,NK细胞 自然杀伤细胞
reticular tissue网状组织
microphage巨噬细胞
interdigitating cell交错突细胞
follicular dendritic cell滤泡树突状细胞
diffuse lymphoid tissue弥散淋巴组织
high endothelial venule 高内皮微静脉
lymphoid nodule淋巴小结
lymphoid follicle淋巴滤泡
germinal center生发中心
primary lymphoid nodule 初级淋巴小结
secondary lymphoid nodule刺激淋巴小结
central lymphoid organ中枢淋巴器官
thymus胸腺
bone marrow骨髓
bursa of Fabricius腔上囊
lymphoid stem cell淋巴干细胞
peripheral lymphoid organ周围淋巴器官
lymphnode淋巴结
spleen脾
tonsil扁桃体
immune response免疫应答
lymphocytic activation淋巴细胞活化
clone expansion克隆增殖
capsule被膜
septum胸腺隔
incomplete lobules不完全小叶
thymic stromal cell胸腺基质细胞
thymocyte,T细胞 胸腺细胞
microenvironment微环境
thymic epithelial cell胸腺上皮细胞
keratin filament角蛋白丝
cortex皮质
subcapsule epithelial cell被膜下上皮细胞
stellate epithelial cell卫星上皮细胞
thymic nurse cell胸腺哺育细胞
apoptosis调亡
medulla髓质
medullary epithelial cell髓质上皮细胞
thymic corpuscle epithelial cell胸腺小体上皮细胞
thymic corpuscle胸腺小体
Hassall's corpuscles哈塞尔小体
thymopoietin胸腺生成素
thymosin胸腺素
blood-thymus barrier血-胸腺屏障
afferent lymphatic vessel输入淋巴管
hilum淋巴结门
efferent lymphatic vessel输出淋巴管
trabecula小梁
peripheral cortex浅层皮质
germinal center生发中心
dark zone暗区
light zone明区
cap小结帽
paracortical zone副皮质区
thymus dependent area胸腺依赖区
lymphoid sinus皮质淋巴窦
subcapsular sinuses被膜下淋巴窦
peritrabecular sinuses小梁周窦
endothelial cell内皮细胞
lymphoid cord淋巴索
medullary cord髓索
medullary sinus髓窦
recirculation of lymphocyte淋巴细胞再循环
spleen脾
white pulp白髓
periarterial lymphatic sheath动脉周围淋巴鞘
central artery中央动脉
splenic corpuscle脾小结
red pulp红髓
splenic sinusoid脾窦
splenic cord脾索
marginal zone边缘区
trabecular artery小梁动脉
penicillar arteriole笔毛微动脉
pulp arteriole髓微动脉
sheathed arteriole鞘微动脉
arterial capillary动脉毛细血管
pulp venule髓微静脉
trabecular vein小梁微静脉
lymphoepithelial tissue淋巴上皮组织
microfold cell微皱褶细胞
mononuclear phagocyte system,MPS单核吞噬细胞系统
皮肤
epidermis 表皮
stratum basale 基底层
keratin filament 角蛋白丝
tonofilament 张力丝
stratum spinosum 棘层
lamellated granule 板层颗粒
stratum granulosum 颗粒层
keratohyalin granule 透明角质颗粒
stratum corneum 角质层
melanosome 黑素体
melanocyte 黑素细胞
melanin 黑色素
melanin granule 黑素颗粒
Langerhens cell 朗格汉斯细胞
Birbeck granule 伯贝克颗粒
Merkel’s cell 梅克尔细胞
dermis 真皮
papillary layer 乳头层
reticular layer 网织层
hypodermis 皮下组织
hair 毛
hair shaft 毛干
hair root 毛根
hair buld 毛球
hair follicle 毛囊
hair matrix cell 毛母质细胞
arrector pili muscle 立毛肌
sebum 皮脂
sebaceous gland 皮脂腺
sweat gland 汗腺
eccrine sweat gland 外泌汗腺
apocrine sweat gland 顶泌汗腺
nail 指（趾）甲

NETEMUID: 2283160

说到翻译还是对译网情深更有感觉

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

似蚓蛔线虫：Ascaris lumbricoides

蠕形住肠线虫：Enterobius vermicularis

毛首鞭形线虫：Trichuris trichiura

十二指肠钩口线虫：Ancylostoma duodenale

美洲板口线虫：Necator americanus

丝虫：filaria

旋毛形线虫：Trichinella spiralis

猪巨吻棘头虫：Macracanthorhychus hirudinaceus

华支睾吸虫：Clonorchis sinensis

卫氏并殖吸虫：Paragonimus westermani

布氏姜片虫：Fasciolopsis buski

日本血吸虫：Schistosoma japonicum

尾蚴性皮炎：cercarial dermatitis

链状带绦虫：Taenia solium

肥胖带绦虫：Taenia Saginata

细粒棘球绦虫（包虫）：Echinococcus granulosus

微小膜壳绦虫：Hymenolepis nana

曼氏迭宫绦虫：Spirometra mansoni

溶组织内阿米巴（痢疾阿米巴）：Entamoeba histolytica

结肠内阿米巴（结肠阿米巴）：Entamoeba coli

杜氏利什曼原虫：Leishmania donovani

阴道毛滴虫（阴道滴虫）：Trichomonas vaginalis

蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫：Giardia Lamblia

疟原虫：Plasmodia

刚地弓形虫（弓形虫）：Toxoplasma gondii

蜱：Ticks

螨：Mites

蚊：Mosquitoes

蝇：Flies

白蛉：Sandfly

蚤：Fleas

虱：Louse

seraphwwwUID: 2157333

:eek:

zhoushengyuanlyUID: 2246479

牛人啊

zhoushengyuanlyUID: 2246479

学生物的的确是。。。:(

zhangheng1020UID: 2130513

from http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=12&id=10331733&sty=1&tpg=2&age=0
by 皇者归来
甘氨酸-----Gly-----G     干gan了le的叶ye子

丙氨酸-----Ala-----A      一个夹心饼干（把A想成一片饼干，两面都是A，中间加点东西）

缬氨酸-----Val-----V      缬读xie,和腹泻的泻同音！四川人管上厕所叫窝（Val）屎

亮氨酸-----Leu-----L     亮的英语单词是light

异亮氨酸---Ile----I      把I想成一

苯丙氨酸---Phe----F      他(he)人又苯，又爱放屁(P)，我真的服(F)了他了

脯氨酸-----Pro----P       胸脯(p)肉(ro)
   
色氨酸-----Trp----W       我w喜欢看三three个人ren日屁股p，我太色了

丝氨酸-----Ser----S       S的读音

酪氨酸-----Tyr----Y       踢T你的your鸭儿r，让你变成懦夫

半胱氨酸---Cys----C      这个来自一个单词Cyst,是膀胱的意思。读音和妹妹差不多。妹妹的膀胱

蛋氨酸-----Met----M       小的时候，妈妈M老是叫我吃eat鸡蛋

天冬氨酸---Asp----D      把As想成天冬。医生D说AS的尿是酸性的
天冬酰胺---Asn----N      不能在冬天制造血案

谷氨酰胺----Gln---Q      谷物没多少了，最大的问题在于可能发生血案
谷氨酸------Glu---E      谷物的益处E在于可以变成葡萄糖

苏氨酸------Thr---T       他TA喝he了瓶苏打水，终于不热re了
赖氨酸------Lys---K       美国的国务卿耐丝LYS说她可以让台湾占山为王KING，老胡说，你简（碱性氨基酸）直
                          是在放屁
精氨酸------Arg---R       大家都看过周星驰的电影，有一次，他喝了杯精液，观众就在争论argue他
                          喝的是不是热RE的精液
组氨酸------His---H      H想成医院，医院切掉了他的his病变组织

[ 本帖最后由 zhangheng1020 于 2008-1-23 01:56 编辑 ]

wgaggassi34UID: 2279352

太不一般的人了~

:eek:

so amazing