Issue43 [5f 11-21作业]求拍

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Issue43  [5f 11-21作业]考完试,补作业!!

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To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
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The essence of ethics and morality lies in the distinctions between the virtue and vice. However, I generally disagree with the speaker's assertion. Instead, I maintain that an effective official should abide to relatively high ethical and moral standards while it is implausible and unnecessary to adopt the highest standards to achieve effective leadership.

To begin with, the terminology 'highest ethical and moral standards' is confusing on several aspects, implying that such set of standards seldom exists in the majority of modern societies. As have been agreed by overwhelming philosophers and scholars, moral or ethical standard is defined as the code of conduct that is put forward by a society or groups of people, which is applied as a guide to behaviors by the members. In this sense, the standards can refer to codes of conducts in different societies or groups with widely various contents. Moreover, although in homogeneous, relatively small societies (which are really rare in current world), it may exist only one guide to behaviors that is simultaneously accepted by all social members, the more general situation is that modern, comparatively large societies consist of numerous groups of people who establish and obey their specific standards of morality and ethnics, for example, a religious group. However, more often is that the standards accepted by certain groups may conflict that put forward by the society thus the group members tend to regard their group standards as genuine one. Therefore, in today's society with ambiguous, diverse and even conflicting sets of moral or ethnical standards, it could hardly reach an agreement on the 'highest standards', leading to the situation that it is almost impossible for a public leader to accept such 'highest standards'.

Furthermore, sticking to one set of highest standards seems counterproductive to establish effective leadership. As has been concluded in the previous analysis, numerous conflicting or different sets of moral standards coexist within the some region in most modern societies, which may lead to potential risks of conflicts and discordance. Had the official leader adopted only the specific standards accepted by one certain group and refused to admit that of the other groups, the harmony of the society would have fallen into ground, ending up in interruption of normal social orders. Therefore, the effective leadership of a public official rests on the abilities to reconcile the conflicts morality and ethnics among various social members rather than attempting to obey one set of highest ethical or moral standards accepted by the leader. To be concrete, even if certain behaviors of the major of a metropolis contradict the moral standards of some social groups, he or she could still manage to maintain the order and harmony in the society as long as the leader express tolerance and understanding towards various members, winning the citizens' respect and obeisance in return. On the other hand, a myriad of other competences contribute to the successful leadership, such as critical thinking and problem solving techniques,  the organization, operation and facilities to maximize the utility of resources in a community, and so forth. And acceptable compromise in obeying the ethical and moral standards is unlikely to exert significant influence to the leadership. For concrete example, one could refer to Bill Clinton, the respectable former president with specialties in constructing the US to an economically, scientifically and militarily powerful nation but with minor flaws in marr1agical morality. In short, it is entirely unnecessary for officials to obey the highest ethical and moral standards in order to achieve effectiveness in their leadership.

Nevertheless, effective leaders should obey the universally accepted moral judgments for prohibited, required, discouraged, encouraged and allowed actions. For one thing, partly attributed to the role model effect, local officials could sometimes become the model that some people tend to imitate. For that matter, it positively contributes to the effective management of local affaires provided that the leaders abide to relatively high and widely acceptable moral standards, such as behaving in a law-abiding pattern, and have the citizens imitate them. For another, obeying comparatively high moral standards accepted by the general population is considered as a significant brisk if the officials attempt to construct the bridge of respect and trust connecting to the effective leadership.

In sum, with the difficulties in achieving the highest moral and ethnic standards, it is impossible for public leaders to reach such standards for effective leadership, which could be even counterproductive. However, I maintain that confirm to comparatively high standards of moral and ethnic is essential to fulfill effectiveness.