issue41 [0806G-desperado小组]第三次作业by 绿松石

绿松石UID: 2427549

ISSUE41"Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."

非主流探索对社会得作用要从历史和人类心理需求等方面来分析
1.在人类发展的初期，人们没有足够的知识来认识自然，只能通过占星术等来满足其求知欲，排除恐惧，保护自己
2.事实上，这些探索也是人类文明进化得一个阶段，通过这些非科学的探索最终探索出真正的科学之路，因此在早期人类社会，这些探索起到了好的作用
3.但是先进社会，科学手段足够解决绝大多数问题，人们更多的是通过非主流学术来满足人们寻求慰藉，逃避现实得心理
4.这种探索首先不能被证明或证伪，其次其可能会导致盲信，盲从等问题，对社会是有害的

It is a long history of human society before the establishment and maturation of modern scientific thoughts and logical methodology, during which inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits dominated most social activities and individual lives. Today, in civilized world, all the major fields of scholarship are ruled by rational thinking and scientific methods; however such non-scientific inquiry still exists. Whether such pursutits play a vital role in society or not involves complex history retrospect and realistic demanding analysis.

Before the rise of systematic science, lacking enough knowledge to explain nature phenomena they observed, human beings developed some imaginary correlations-finally accumulated in astrology, fortune-telling and so on- among various nature phenomena, combining with their daily practices and their wish, to satisfy their curiosity and exorcise their horrors towards the nature and the unknown world. nescience and inexperienced, facing with or even threatened by inclement nature environment and hostile social surroundings, individuals in early society have little ability and opportunity to determine their fate by their own volitions or in virtue of controllable facilities. Therefore they have no choice but to appeal to astrology, fortune telling to direct their practice in their life. In this sense, these non-scientific areas of inquiry played an essential role in society at that time, and provided a vital support in the process of early development of human beings.
   
In fact, all of these areas of inquiry more or less played a unique role in nurturing the real science at the early ages of human development as a theoretical system to direct and dominate all aspects of social activities. After all, inquring of the unknown for true answers to our question, and for lasting solutions to our enduring problems, no matter how silly or absurd it might be, is the reflection of our craving to understand ourselves and the world around us and is the impetus for evolution of the human knowledge and might ultimately lead to the truth.

However,nowadays,systematic modern scientific theories and methodology have been established and proved to be efficient and effective in directing human practices, those non-scientific inquiry such as astrology, fortune-telling,and psychic and paranormal pursuits still exist not by their unproved-actually devoid of- applicability but more by the self consolation and evasion that they could provide. Faced with infinit choices, we experience  uncertainty, insecurity, and confusion; and we nonexceptionally feel remorse, regret, and guilt when in  retrospect our choices turn out be poor ones or fiasco. Understandably, to avoid thes bad feelings many human beings try to shift the burden of making difficult choices and decisions to some nebulous authority outside themselves by means of astrology or otherwise--if they fails they don't have to blame themselves but the "god", thus they could escape the burden of real world.

While the sorts of pursuits that the speaker lists might be "apprehensible" insofar as they could afford some conciliation and help some people escape from making choice, query whether these pursuits are otherwise useful to any individual or society. In the first phase, those pursurts have not been proved logical and cogent in reason. They rooted in imaginary, fortune, or fantasy, which are favorite pastimes of swindlers who seek to prey on dupes driven by the aforementioned psychological needs and have no recourse. In the second phase, if those pursuits could not be legitimately evaluated, the participants might easily plunge into the  the situation of stubborn adherence to self-righteous arrogance, intolerance, anti-social behavior, and even hatred, which will no doubt harm the individual, not to mention the social as a whole.
   
In sum, scrutining the essence and motive behind the sorts of pursuits that the speaker lists in different stages of human civilization, they always exist to satisfy certain human needs,while in early times they serve to facilitate the social evolution, but nowadays they risk making ill-conceived choices and unfair judgments which will impede the development of human beings.

这篇文章我写了很久，一直找不到思路。后来我从“对社会有重要作用”这个点入手，主要分析不同时期其对社会作用不同，但是写完看以后，是不是有点偏题呢？ 大家帮忙看一下，我觉得好像这么写很危险，因为题目说的是现在得非主流学科，我却扯到古代人们去了。。。是不是跑题了？

[ 本帖最后由 绿松石 于 2007-12-10 18:03 编辑 ]

gaojiehahaUID: 2149729

题目的意思是非主流对社会有用吗？
你是采用时间顺序讲述不同时期非主流对社会的作用，包括过去，也包括现在
再看题，并没有限定时间范围在当代
不算离题

绿松石UID: 2427549

谢谢帮看啊～ 我觉得题目一个是说非主流对社会有用，一个是说非主流能满足人们的某些不能被主流科学所满足的需求，我就第一点进行的论述，第二天也融合了一点进去 感觉北美的思路就特别清楚，自己一比较就有点担心了

hdofrucUID: 2434623

It is a long history of human society before the establishment and maturation of modern scientific thoughts and logical methodology, during which inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits dominated most social activities and individual lives. Today, in civilized world, all the major fields of scholarship are ruled by rational thinking and scientific methods; however such non-scientific inquiry still exists. Whether such pursutits play a vital role in society or not involves complex history retrospect and realistic demanding analysis.

Before the rise of systematic science, lacking enough knowledge to explain nature phenomena they observed, human beings developed some imaginary correlations-finally accumulated in astrology, fortune-telling and so on- among various nature phenomena, combining with their daily practices and their wish, to satisfy their curiosity and exorcise their horrors towards the nature and the unknown world. nescience and inexperienced, facing with or even threatened by inclement nature environment and hostile social surroundings, individuals in early society have little ability and opportunity to determine their fate by their own volitions or in virtue of controllable facilities. Therefore they have no choice but to appeal to astrology, fortune telling to direct their practice in their life. In this sense, these non-scientific areas of inquiry played an essential role in society at that time, and provided a vital support in the process of early development of human beings.
   
In fact, all of these areas of inquiry more or less played a unique role in nurturing the real science at the early ages of human development as a theoretical system to direct and dominate all aspects of social activities. After all, inquring of the unknown for true answers to our question, and for lasting solutions to our enduring problems, no matter how silly or absurd it might be, is the reflection of our craving to understand ourselves and the world around us and is the impetus for evolution of the human knowledge and might ultimately lead to the truth.（第二段和第三段是有意分开的么？感觉联系有点紧密，而且都是写历史的，是不是缩成一段，把篇幅留给当代会好一些，也离原题更近一点）

However,nowadays,systematic modern scientific theories and methodology have been established and proved to be efficient and effective in directing human practices, those non-scientific inquiry such as astrology, fortune-telling,and psychic and paranormal pursuits still exist not by their unproved-actually devoid of- applicability but more by the self consolation and evasion that they could provide.（这个长句好长...） Faced with infinit（？） choices, we experience  uncertainty, insecurity, and confusion; and we nonexceptionally feel remorse, regret, and guilt when in  retrospect our choices turn out be poor ones or fiasco. Understandably, to avoid thes bad feelings many human beings try to shift the burden of making difficult choices and decisions to some nebulous authority outside themselves by means of astrology or otherwise--if they fails they don't have to blame themselves but the "god", thus they could escape the burden of real world.（这一段论证确实感觉有点空，实际内容不够的样子）

While the sorts of pursuits that the speaker lists might be "apprehensible" insofar as they could afford some conciliation and help some people escape from making choice, query whether these pursuits are otherwise useful to any individual or society. In the first phase, those pursurts have not been proved logical and cogent in reason. They rooted in imaginary, fortune, or fantasy, which are favorite pastimes of swindlers who seek to prey on dupes driven by the aforementioned psychological needs and have no recourse. In the second phase, if those pursuits could not be legitimately evaluated, the participants might easily plunge into the  the situation of stubborn adherence to self-righteous arrogance, intolerance, anti-social behavior, and even hatred, which will no doubt harm the individual, not to mention the social as a whole. （类似恐怖主义根源（原教旨主义）之类的话题可以在这一段作为实际的例子来用）
   
In sum, scrutining the essence and motive behind the sorts of pursuits that the speaker lists in different stages of human civilization, they always exist to satisfy certain human needs,while in early times they serve to facilitate the social evolution, but nowadays they risk making ill-conceived choices and unfair judgments which will impede the development of human beings.（这一句跟前文呼应的不太好...前文好像没有详细得论述这个问题）

grace040802UID: 2348819

ISSUE41"Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."

非主流探索对社会得作用要从历史和人类心理需求等方面来分析
1.在人类发展的初期，人们没有足够的知识来认识自然，只能通过占星术等来满足其求知欲，排除恐惧，保护自己
2.事实上，这些探索也是人类文明进化得一个阶段，通过这些非科学的探索最终探索出真正的科学之路，因此在早期人类社会，这些探索起到了好的作用
3.但是先进社会，科学手段足够解决绝大多数问题，人们更多的是通过非主流学术来满足人们寻求慰藉，逃避现实得心理
4.这种探索首先不能被证明或证伪，其次其可能会导致盲信，盲从等问题，对社会是有害的

It is a long history of human society before the establishment and maturation of modern scientific thoughts and logical methodology, during which inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits dominated most social activities and individual lives. Today, in civilized world, all the major fields of scholarship are ruled by rational thinking and scientific methods; however such non-scientific inquiry still exists. Whether such pursutits play a vital role in society or not involves complex history retrospect and realistic demanding analysis.

Before the rise of systematic science, lacking enough knowledge to explain nature phenomena they observed, human beings developed some imaginary correlations-finally accumulated in astrology, fortune-telling and so on- among various nature phenomena, combining with their daily practices and their wish, to satisfy their curiosity and exorcise their horrors towards the nature and the unknown world. nescience and inexperienced, facing with or even threatened by inclement nature environment and hostile social surroundings, individuals in early society have little ability and opportunity to determine their fate by their own volitions or in virtue of controllable facilities. Therefore they have no choice but to appeal to astrology, fortune telling to direct their practice in their life. In this sense, these non-scientific areas of inquiry played an essential role in society at that time, and provided a vital support in the process of early development of human beings.
   
In fact, all of these areas of inquiry more or less played a unique role in nurturing the real science at the early ages of human development as a theoretical system to direct and dominate all aspects of social activities. (?这个有点疑问,是这样的吗?没有可能是因为科学的产生,然后发现它们是伪科学?)After all, inquring of the unknown for true answers to our question, and for lasting solutions to our enduring problems, no matter how silly or absurd it might be, is the reflection of our craving to understand ourselves and the world around us and is the impetus for evolution of the human knowledge and might ultimately lead to the truth.

However,nowadays,systematic modern scientific theories and methodology have been established and proved to be efficient and effective in directing human practices, those non-scientific inquiry such as astrology, fortune-telling,and psychic and paranormal pursuits still exist not by their unproved-actually devoid of- applicability but more by the self consolation and evasion that they could provide. Faced with infinit choices, we experience  uncertainty, insecurity, and confusion; and we nonexceptionally feel remorse, regret, and guilt when in  retrospect our choices turn out be poor ones or fiasco. Understandably, to avoid this bad feelings many human beings try to shift the burden of making difficult choices and decisions to some nebulous authority outside themselves by means of astrology or otherwise--if they fails they don't have to blame themselves but the "god", thus they could escape the burden of real world.

While the sorts of pursuits that the speaker lists might be "apprehensible" insofar as they could afford some conciliation and help some people escape from making choice, query whether these pursuits are otherwise useful to any individual or society. In the first phase, those pursurts have not been proved logical and cogent in reason. They rooted in imaginary, fortune, or fantasy, which are favorite pastimes of swindlers who seek to prey on dupes driven by the aforementioned psychological needs and have no recourse. In the second phase, if those pursuits could not be legitimately evaluated, the participants might easily plunge into the  the situation of stubborn adherence to self-righteous arrogance, intolerance, anti-social behavior, and even hatred, which will no doubt harm the individual, not to mention the social as a whole.
   
In sum, scrutining the essence and motive behind the sorts of pursuits that the speaker lists in different stages of human civilization, they always exist to satisfy certain human needs,while in early times they serve to facilitate the social evolution, but nowadays they risk making ill-conceived choices and unfair judgments which will impede the development of human beings.

是否可以写写astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits 之所以还存在的理由,将这些与其存在的坏处,然后经过对比得出不能成为主流?
因为看你的文章里好像是以前它们是对人类有益的,现在由于科学发展了它们就是很有害的东西,非除去不可.
我觉得侧重点应该放在当代.是否可以不写astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits 产生,讲它们对当代人的影响,从这个角度来说更具有实际的意义.(纯属个人看法也不知对否)
Grace

hongdanUID: 2228730

我觉得这样写是可以的。从历史发展的进程来看待非主流所起的作用，完全没有离题。
但是，这样写观点的说服力不是很强。
在这篇文章中，先写了早期非主流推动科学和社会的进步，然后写现代，因为满足人的心理而存在。随后，非主流对个人和社会的危害，这危害看不出来到底体现在过去还是当代。从结尾段可以看出是在当代，可是过去也有危害，只写过去起到进步作用似乎太绝对了。依我个人而言，这样从社会发展进程写，感觉是比较分散，而且非主流在每个时期所起的作用不好很好表达出来。根据北美的思路，从整体把握可能更具说服力一些。（纯属个人意见）

绿松石UID: 2427549

这篇文章我想来想去这么写不好，决定还是重写一下，这种写法确实分散

wangyu0920UID: 199396

非主流探索对社会得作用要从历史和人类心理需求等方面来分析
1.在人类发展的初期，人们没有足够的知识来认识自然，只能通过占星术等来满足其求知欲，排除恐惧，保护自己
2.事实上，这些探索也是人类文明进化得一个阶段，通过这些非科学的探索最终探索出真正的科学之路，因此在早期人类社会，这些探索起到了好的作用
3.但是先进社会，科学手段足够解决绝大多数问题，人们更多的是通过非主流学术来满足人们寻求慰藉，逃避现实得心理
4.这种探索首先不能被证明或证伪，其次其可能会导致盲信，盲从等问题，对社会是有害的

It is a long history of human society before the establishment and maturation of modern scientific thoughts and logical methodology, during which inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits dominated most social activities and individual lives. Today, in civilized world, all the major fields of scholarship are ruled by rational thinking and scientific methods; however such non-scientific inquiry still exists. Whether such pursutits play a vital role in society or not involves complex history retrospect and realistic demanding analysis.

Before the rise of systematic science, lacking enough knowledge to explain nature phenomena they observed, human beings developed some imaginary correlations-finally accumulated in astrology, fortune-telling and so on- among various nature phenomena, combining with their daily practices and their wish, to satisfy their curiosity and exorcise their horrors towards the nature and the unknown world. nescience and inexperienced, facing with or even threatened by inclement nature environment and hostile social surroundings, individuals in early society have little ability and opportunity to determine their fate by their own volitions or in virtue of controllable facilities. Therefore they have no choice but to appeal to astrology, fortune telling to direct their practice in their life. In this sense, these non-scientific areas of inquiry played an essential role in society at that time, and provided a vital support in the process of early development of human beings.
   
In fact, all of these areas of inquiry more or less played a unique role in nurturing the real science at the early ages of human development as a theoretical system to direct and dominate all aspects of social activities. After all, inquring of the unknown for true answers to our question, and for lasting solutions to our enduring problems, no matter how silly or absurd it might be, is the reflection of our craving to understand ourselves and the world around us and is the impetus for evolution of the human knowledge and might ultimately lead to the truth.

However,nowadays,systematic modern scientific theories and methodology have been established and proved to be efficient and effective in directing human practices, those non-scientific inquiry such as astrology, fortune-telling,and psychic and paranormal pursuits still exist not by their unproved-actually devoid of- applicability but more by the self consolation and evasion that they could provide. Faced with infinit choices, we experience  uncertainty, insecurity, and confusion; and we nonexceptionally feel remorse, regret, and guilt when in  retrospect our choices turn out be poor ones or fiasco. Understandably, to avoid thes bad feelings many human beings try to shift the burden of making difficult choices and decisions to some nebulous authority outside themselves by means of astrology or otherwise--if they fails they don't have to blame themselves but the "god", thus they could escape the burden of real world.

While the sorts of pursuits that the speaker lists might be "apprehensible" insofar as they could afford some conciliation and help some people escape from making choice, query whether these pursuits are otherwise useful to any individual or society. In the first phase, those pursurts have not been proved logical and cogent in reason. They rooted in imaginary, fortune, or fantasy, which are favorite pastimes of swindlers who seek to prey on dupes driven by the aforementioned psychological needs and have no recourse. In the second phase, if those pursuits could not be legitimately evaluated, the participants might easily plunge into the  the situation of stubborn adherence to self-righteous arrogance, intolerance, anti-social behavior, and even hatred, which will no doubt harm the individual, not to mention the social as a whole.
   
In sum, scrutining the essence and motive behind the sorts of pursuits that the speaker lists in different stages of human civilization, they always exist to satisfy certain human needs,while in early times they serve to facilitate the social evolution, but nowadays they risk making ill-conceived choices and unfair judgments which will impede the development of human beings.

我觉得谈历史未必跑题，但是整体的感觉是每一段的观点还不够明确，是否应该突出围绕“是否在社会中起重要作用”这个关键的问题？？？
这样展开论述可能会更切题。比如，在历史上，毫无疑问是非常重要的；在当今社会，即使功能有所转换，很多时候仍然非常重要，而另一方面，也可能由于不当的利用造成不利的影响……

[ 本帖最后由 wangyu0920 于 2007-12-19 22:37 编辑 ]