Issue87【0806G desperado小组】第九次作业 by anndy

anndyUID: 2436020

TOPIC: ISSUE87 - "In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."
WORDS: 540


Outline:
1.      in many areas, beginners have done a good job
2.      experts’ achievement should not be ignored
3.      whether be a expert or not is not important in making discoveries


Discovery, the exploration and thinking of the existent facts and truths, plays an important role in the progress of our society and the evolution of humans. There is a claim that important discoveries favor the beginner rather than the expert in any field of inquiry. However, if we cast a look back at the developmental history of humans, it is possible to recognize that this issue can varies from case to case.

On the one hand, the beginner, which is abundant in imagination and can hard be confined by existing theory or experimental result of predecessor, is totally possible to achieve significant success in discovery, which has been proved by numerous young scholars. Consider, for example, the discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule. Before claiming their research achievement, both of the two discoverers could not be called expert, because when James D. Watson came to University of Cambridge and worked with Francis Crick, he was only 23 and Crick was just a graduated student of Cambridge. Nevertheless, their classic paper which presents the noted double-helical structure of DNA was published just two year later.  Meanwhile, in many areas these young scientists' work attains positiveness of our society. It is a good example that the Fields Medal which is widely viewed as the top honor in mathematical area is prepared for the mathematicians not over 40 years of age.

On the other hand, the discoveries that many experts make in every fields could not be ignored. Newton, on of the greatest physicist, mathematician and natural philosopher in 17th century, said in his letter to Robert Hooke: "If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giant". The saying is used to point out the significance of experience and accumulation of knowledge which experts often hold. Take archeology into account, it is hard to imagined that a beginner can make important discoveries in this areas which demands the worker not only have deep acknowledge about the culture background, custom, the style of architecture, the religious beliefs of people, and so on of different historical time, but also master the complex analytical method and process. And what we know is that many important discoveries, such as the Emperor Qin’s Terra-cotta Warriors, Tristar Piles, MAYA Civilization, are made by lots of experts in variety respects.

Finally, even if for an individual in one area, it is also possible to discover some thing important at his/her different life period in which one can become an expert from a beginner. The example of Einstein, a famous scientist whose face we can see when think about genius, can be convinced evidence. When Einstein discovers the law of the photoelectric effect which makes him win the Nobel Prize, he was just an official in patent office. Subsequently, after be noted all over the world as a famous experts in physics, he again shake up the whole world for his noted theory of relativity though ten years’ hard work.

In sum, it is hasty to say the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries in any field of inquiry. As mentioned above, we should say that whether be a expert or a beginner, he/she can make important discoveries for his/her outstanding will and intelligence.

[ 本帖最后由 anndy 于 2007-12-19 21:18 编辑 ]

绿松石UID: 2427549

Discovery, the exploration and thinking of the existent facts and truths, plays an important role in the progress of our society and the evolution of humans. There is a claim that important discoveries favor the beginner rather than the expert in any field of inquiry. However, if we cast a look back at the developmental history of humans, it is possible to recognize that this issue can varies from case to case.

On the one hand, the beginner, which is abundant in imagination and can hard（hardly）be confined by existing theory or experimental result of predecessor, is totally possible to achieve significant success in discovery, which has been proved by numerous young scholars. Consider, for example, the discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule. Before claiming their research achievement, both of the two discoverers could not be called expert, because when James D. Watson came to University of Cambridge and worked with Francis Crick, he was only 23 and Crick was just a graduated student of Cambridge. Nevertheless, their classic paper which presents the noted double-helical structure of DNA was published just two year later.  Meanwhile, in many areas these young scientists' work attains positiveness of our society. It is a good example that the Fields Medal which is widely viewed as the top honor in mathematical area is prepared for the mathematicians not over 40 years of age.（30几岁也可以算是专家了，这个例子感觉不是很恰当，主要跟前面那句meanwhile后的话不是很符，应该举个年轻科学家对社会的积极作用的例子，感觉这个例子没有说明这一点）

On the other hand, the discoveries that many experts make in every fields could not be ignored. Newton, on of the greatest physicist, mathematician and natural philosopher in 17th century, said in his letter to Robert Hooke: "If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giant". The saying is used to point out the significance of experience and accumulation of knowledge which experts often hold. Take archeology into account, it is hard to imagined that a beginner can make important discoveries in this areas which demands the worker not only have deep acknowledge about the culture background, custom, the style of architecture, the religious beliefs of people, and so on of different historical time, but also master the complex analytical method and process. And what we know is that many important discoveries, such as the Emperor Qin’s Terra-cotta Warriors, Tristar Piles, MAYA Civilization, are made by lots of experts in variety respects. （这个你说many discoveries，秦始皇的墓不是被一个农民发现的么，人家可是彻底的out stander了）

Finally, even if for an individual in one area, it is also possible to discover some thing important at his/her different life period in which one can become an expert from a beginner. The example of Einstein, a famous scientist whose face we can see when think about genius, can be convinced evidence. When Einstein discovers the law of the photoelectric effect which makes him win the Nobel Prize, he was just an official in patent office. Subsequently, after be noted all over the world as a famous experts in physics, he again shake up the whole world for his noted theory of relativity though ten years’ hard work.

In sum, it is hasty to say the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries in any field of inquiry. As mentioned above, we should say that whether be a expert or a beginner, he/she can make important discoveries for his/her outstanding will and intelligence.我觉得例子有待琢磨一下，例子一定要支持你的观点，其实这一类的例子应该很多啊

[ 本帖最后由 绿松石 于 2007-12-23 16:23 编辑 ]