issue 48 [SpringCity飞跃小组] 第四次作业

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48 "The study of history places too muchemphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history weremade possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identitieshave long been forgotten." [05/50; 06/7]
对历史的研究把太多的重点放在对某些个人上。而历史上一些重大的事件和发展趋势不是由个别名人决定的，而是由那些已经被人们淡忘的社会群体所创造的。
提纲：
1.      有保留的同意（在第一段要留余地）
2.      同意作者的观点主要有以下三个理由：
2.1人是社会的，不能在荒岛上生存，意识也不能在真空的环境里培养（即使是鲁宾逊也是受过一定培训和教育才能在荒岛生存的）
2.2 名人也是社会群体的以部分，作为这个群体代言人。一些重大历史时间和发展趋势表面上看来是某些名人决定的，但是他们只是某一个社会群体意识的代表,站在银幕前，聚光灯下接受荣誉而已，他们所处的社会环境，历史阶段和所受的教育决定了他的世界观和重大事件的决策。
而且一些有名的人只是重大事件的执行者（阿姆斯特朗登月），更多的努力和决定性的工作取决于大量默默无闻的幕后工作者。
2.3所谓的历史事件或者学术突破是人类历史发展到一定阶段的必然结果（牛顿和莱布尼茨同时提出微积分学）

3.在认可历史发展取决于广大人民的意志也不能忽视那些历史伟人们尤其是一些科技工作者们的贡献。（爱因斯坦，爱迪生）
4.总结，历史的发展社会的进步不排除个别精英们的个人意志和努力，但主要力量还是社会群体的意识导致的。

Opening the textbook of history, there arelarge amount of historic events made by legendary heroes. These ones becameheroes either because of their bravery and diligence or visionary insight andwisdom, so that many people attribute the progress of history to that very famousfew. Nevertheless, the speaker proposes that it is groups of people whoseidentities have long been forgotten  are the creator of history rather thanthe famous few. I strongly agree with the speaker’s proposition withoutignoring the contribution made by those heroes.

The chief reason why I quite agree with thespeaker’s assertion is that any individuals is the result of our society.Each of us is socialized who affects and is affected by the people around us. Weare fed, educated, cultured and grow up to what we are now as a normal person.No one can live alone in an isolated island without basic  skills and knowledge to survival.You may refer to Robinson as a counter-example. Please notice that he is welleducated before he was trapped in the isolated island as an adult. How can you askruthlessly an infant to grow up in such condition without any help? In additionthere is an extreme example that, indeed, a baby brought up by wolves in aremote forest. Before he was found, he had no contact with any human not tomention the civilization of mankind. What can we expect about the wolf-man?Actually he can’t not speak and behave as a wolf.

The second reason why I’m firmly in theside of speaker has to do with the fact that, the so-called heroes in historyare merely the representatives of their group of people, especially in thepolitical field. What they say and do is just the reflection of the ideologiesand interests of that very group of people. That is, there is alwaysa group of people dominant in certain period of time, whose will and decisionwill affected the policy of a country, say the history progress. After all itis a must that an individual should be elected as a leader and brings the groupto achieve their goal. If they make it, the leader will be recorded as a famoushero at least in his people's mind.  Moreover some heroes in the spotlight with glories,is just the executives or operators of the big events, the true contributors aresilent and should not be forgotten. The Arm Strong landing on the moon is theobvious evidence.

The third reason, why I’m in favor of thespeaker’s claim, is in that, most big events or progresses in history are the inevitableresults as the development of civilization of mankind. Since the civilizationis developed in a cumulated way that people just do their contributions base ontheir precedents’ work. No one can create anything usefulin neither science nor art without foundation. The moment the civilizationdevelops to certain extent, then a big breakthrough will occur. That is why thecalculus is established by Newtonand Leibnitz simultaneously without any cooperation. Before them, there are a lot of previous work of calculous done by many brilliant mathematicians. Yet, we can’t make arash decision that the famous few in history are useless in spite of thediscussion above. Undeniably the bravery and wisdom of such big giants, especiallythe determination to fight against adversities, should be remembered by us.

In summary, after detailed and carefullydiscussion above, I can safely draw the conclusion that the most significantevents and trends in history were mainly made by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten without neglecting the contribution of fewelites. After all each individuals is the result of society no exception forthe famous few, equipped with which we can possess more comprehensive andhistorical perspective to give comment to those famous few.


[ 本帖最后由 Scofield_thu 于 2008-1-18 14:54 编辑 ]