〖TOEFL 2009上半年-Dark_Tournament听力组 Grace.TT的听力备考日志帖

grace.TTUID: 2534695

  索引
1楼 --------- 目录/ v; q/ d. d! }! \
2楼 --------- 经验总结% @- \3 f) f: R% B' @4 E$ [
3楼 --------- 3月13日听写日志

grace.TTUID: 2534695

经验总结（每10天一个总结）
第一阶段经验总结（3月11日——3月21日）：
（经过10天的听写、跟读和背诵的练习，本人发现原本有xxxx等问题，现在已经解决了哪些问题，还存在哪些问题。）
第二阶段经验总结（3月22日——3月31日）：
（经过了第二个10天的基础练习，本人又解决了哪些问题，还存在哪些问题没有解决。）
第三阶段经验总结（4月1日——4月10日）：
（理论上来讲，现在应该是即将出现或者已经出现量变到质变转化的时候了，所以这个阶段的总结应该会有比较深刻的体会，请大家好好写写啊）

grace.TTUID: 2534695

3.13－－地球科学类The Old Canada Road  /   depth of the ocean
Q43 to 46,listen to part of talk given in a geography class.
The Old Canada Road is a long-lost trail between the Canadian province of Quebec and Maine,in the northeast corner of the United State.Yes,it really was lost and finding it again was a complex process that involved state-of-the-art technology.How the location of the road was pinpointed was very interesting and I'll return to it as soon as I'v given you a little background information.
The road was begun in 1817, how few years before Maine even became a state?At the time,Quebec was a major market for livestock,crops and fish,so a road to Quebec was seen by officials in Maine as necessary for trade.For about 20 years, the movement of people and goods  were mostly from Maine to Quebec, but then the trend reversed as thousands of Canadians immigrated to Maine to escape poor crops,a lack of jobs and the threat of disease.I think it was a cholera epidemic.
Besides these negative reasons,major building projects in Maine also made the state very attractive  for the Canadians who needed work.I should stress,though, that immigration during that period went in both directions.In fact,the flow of people and(两次把and听成了in。注意英文的弱读) goods went completely unhindered.There wasn't even a border post until around 1850.The people of the time saw M and Q as a single region,maily because of the strong French influence,which is still evident in Maine today.
Eventually,the road fell into disuse as a major railway was completed.Finally,people simply forgot about it and that's how it came to be lost.This brings me back to the regional(original) topic.
state-of-the-art 尖端技术的    pinpoint vt.准确定位、查明     return to 回到某个话题    as soon as 一..就
poor crop 庄稼欠收                cholera epidemic霍乱流行      major project 重点工程项目  major~master adj.
unhindered adj.不受阻碍的       border post
43.What does the speaker say about the early road between M and Q?
44.What does one reason Canadians begin immergrarting to M during the 1800s?
45.What can be infered about the region including M and Q during the early 1800s?
46.What subject does the speaker most likely to discuss next?

Listen to part of talk in an oceanography class.
One reason oceanographers analyze the sediment on the ocean floor is to see how long-terms changes in earth's temperature have affected the depth of the ocean. By analyzing the remains of sea animals in old layers of ocean sediment,oceanographers can determine the depth of the ocean in the past.They've analyzed hundreds of such layers including some from the coldest periods of earth's history-the ice ages.What they've found is that during the ice ages the amount of water in the oceans decreased.Water levels in the ocean dropped by about 400 feet.Water from the ocean evaporated and became frozen in continental glaciers so it didn't drain back into the ocean.When temperatures eventually rose again the glaciers melted and the oceans returned to their former depths.Analysis of sedimentary data indicates that periods of glacial freezing  and melting occured in regular cycles of 20,000,40,000,and 100,000years.
Oceanographers are interested in the history of seawater levels because they hope to use this historical data in order to predict the possible effect that global warming could have on seawater levels.If industrial pollutants are capable of heating global temperatures to the point(adv.切中要害) that glaciers begin to melt，it is urgent for us to know precisely how high sea levels were（will） rise as a result.  

grace.TTUID: 2534695

3.14---地球科学类（能源 methane）
Q42 to 46,listen to part of radio program about science.
Scientists are always on the look out(lookout) for alternative sources of adventure(energy).Today we are going to discuss one that's so plentiful they say it could supply more energy than all the coal and oil in the world.It's finding(found) in something called gas hydrate and, believe it or not ,that's a kind of ice.
That's right.But the water in the side(in this ice) was weight(way) down below the earth's surface when it was frozen though(so)it was under a lot of pressure.And trapped inside the crystals of ice are individual molecules of methane---that's what's in natural gas.
All this makes gas hydrate pretty strange stuff.If you touch a match to a piece of this ice,it will burst into flame.And when geologists bring a chunk of it up to the surface to study at normal air pressure in(and) temperature,gas hydrate begins to hiss and bubble---and in less than half an hour, the ice melts and the methane inside escapes into the air.
Now as you might guess, this can make gas hydrate kind of heart(hard) for minor(miners)to handle.And then there is the problem of where it's located--- in frozen arctic regions or in ocean waters off the Atlantice coast ---and up to a mile down.
Environmentalists warn that mining it could even be disastrous.Offshore drilling could allow  seawater to seep d
own into the huge icy deposits and release tons of methane up into the atmosphere.And methane,our listeners may recall,is a greenhouse gas that could really worsen the problem of global warming.So gas hydrate may offer some interesting possibilities,but with all this drawbacks,I'm not gonna hold my breath waiting for it to fuel my furnace.
lookout 前景   trap 截留   methane 甲烷 沼气 me/e/tha/ei/ne
crystal ice 冰晶体   natural gas 天然气   strange stuff 奇怪的东西
match一根火柴（基本意思给忘了） normal air 标准大气   miner 矿工
offshore drilling海底钻探   hold one's breath屏息

Listen to part of lecture in an Ecology class.
Since we've been discussing alternative fuels lately,I wanted to pass on to you some informaiton I read about a new fuel that's been in the news a lot lately.It's called A-21.
It's composed of water and a chemical known as naphtha.It seems to be a very promising fuel because it's much cleaner than the gasoline that we use today.That's not to say that it doesn't pollute,but it's cleaner.A-21 isn't like some other alternative fuels that  require completely new types of engines.A-21 still works in regular,everyday combustion engines---like the ones in cars ---with only minor mechanical modifications.So changing over wouldn't be a big deal.
You may doubt some of these claims as many researchers have.Some people feared that because it contains about 45 percent water it would freeze in the winter.But a small amount of antifreeze was added to it  and that seems to have solved the problem.
A-21 has recently undergone street tests in buses in Reno Nevada.So far it seems to work just fine.This is a good thing,especially in Nevada,because the state govenment there has passed a law requiring that a large percentage of vehicles in Nevada run on alternative fuels.A-21 should help.
be composed of由。。组成   naphtha轻油  石脑油(一种石油馏分)  antifreeze防冻剂  
Reno里诺 Nevada内华达   run on 涉及

grace.TTUID: 2534695

3.15（一）
---历史类（Monticello）
Listen to a talk given by a tour guide.
Before starting our tour of Monticello,I'd like to give you some historical facts that might help you appreciate what you see today even more.

Monticello was the very much loved home of Thomas Jefferson for over 50 years.Jefferson,who was,of course,President, was also a great reader and linguis(language) enthusiast.He read widely on different subjects including architecture.He wasn't formally trained in architecture but as a result of his study and observation of other buildings,he was able to help design and build the house.He chose the site himself,naming in the estate "Monticello," which means "little mountain" in Italian.

In fact,many of the ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architect Andrea Palloadio,who lived in 16century and who had a great influence on the architecture of England.Jefferson, however, ignored one of the Palloadio's principles---that is,not to build in a high place.Monticello's elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the house---for example, food--- especially difficult.But the view from the estate would not be spectacular if Jefferson had followed Palloadio's advise,there really is no boundary between the house and the nature around it and so Jefferson was able to look out on his beloved state of Virginia from his wonderful vantage point.Now we'll go on to J's library.
estate/is'teit/
spectacular/spek't../ 壮观的
look out on 面临 濒临
vantage point 有利地形 有利地位

grace.TTUID: 2534695

3.15（二）
---地球科学类（earth's interior）

Questions 47 through 50,listen to part of lecture in a geology class.
I’m glad you brought up the question of our investigations into the makeup(组成结构) of the earth’s interior.In fact,since this is the topic of your reading assignment for next time,let me spend these last few minutes of class talking about it.
There were several important discoveries in the early part of this century that helped geologists develop more accurate picture of the earth’s interior.

The first key discovery had to do with seismic waves---remember they are the vibrations caused by earthquakes.well,scientists found that they traveled thousands of miles through the earth ‘s interior.This finding enabled geologists to study the inner parts of the earth.You see,these studies revealed that these vibration were of two types: compression or P-waves and shear or S-waves.And researchers found that p-waves travel through both liquids and solids,while S-waves travel only through solid matter.

In 1906,a British geologist discovered that P-waves slowed down at a certain depth,but kept traveling deeper.On the other hand,S-waves either disappeared or were reflected back.So he concluded that depth marked the boundary between a solid mental and a liquid core.Three years later,another boundary was discoveried that between the mentle and the earth’s crust.

There is still a lot to be learned about the earth for instance geologists know that the core is hot.Evidence of this is the molten lava that flows out of volcanoes,but we are still not sure what the source of the heat is.
shear切变
molten熔化的
47,what is the purpose of the talk?
48,what important discory about science make waves that instructor mention?
49,what did the study of science make vibration help geologists learn more about?
50,what did P and S waves help scientists discover about the layer of the earth? 　

grace.TTUID: 2534695

3.18(一)dance
listen to a talk about a program sponsor by a student organization.

Good evening,my name is Pam Jones ,and on behalf of the Modern Dance club,I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program.The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel,Twyla Tharp's rock ballet.This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original(听成了regional)theater production---it includes some animation,slow motion,and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance.

The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine,who died on a Wheel in 307 A.D. Nowadays,a Catherine Wheel is also a kind of firework,it looks something like a pinwheel.Anyway,the dance is certainly full of fireworks!You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to confront the violence in modern life.The central symbol of the work is a pineapple but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy.As you watch,see if you can figure it out.

The music for this piece is full of the ryhthmic energy of rock music.It was composed by David Byrne of the rock band Talking Heads.And the lead dancer in this version was Sara Rudner who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography.

Following the video,dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms Tharp used.We hope you can stay for that.So,enjoy tonight's vedio and thank you for your support.

on behalf of 代表
behalf利益 不要和behave混淆了
Catherine Wheel 轮转烟火；烟花
firework烟火
pinwheel纸风车
talking head　接受电视的采访者的头部特写
adventurous大胆的
choreography舞蹈设计
symbolism象征手法

grace.TTUID: 2534695

3.18（二）tornado
listen to part of lecture in a geography class.
The winds of a tornado are the most violent and destructive ones on Earth.Any of you who have seen one knows very well how frightening and powerful they are.What's interesting about them is that scientists don't actually know exactly why tornado occur.
We do know,however,what happens when tornados are formed.As you remeber,a front occurs when cool,dry air from the north meets warm,humid air coming from the south (from the Gulf of Mexico,for tornadoes in the United States).Where these air masses meet,a narrow zone of storm clouds develops ,and thunderstorms ,and sometimes tornados,occur.
How is this violent weather produced?Well, a mass of warm,humid air rises very rapidly.As it rises,more warm air rushes in to replace it.This inrushing air also rises,and in some cases,especially when there is extreme thermal instability,begins to rotate.When this happens,the rotating air forms a tornado.
Even if you'v seen tornadoes only in movies,you know that they can demolish buildings in seconds.This is possible because when a tornado passes over a house,it sucks up air from around the house and so the air pressure outside the house drops rapidly.Inside,pressure remains the same.So air pressure inside is greater than air pressure outside.The result is that the building explodes outward.Next,we'll talk a little bit about how new technological developments are being used to try to predict tornados.

frightening吓人的
air mass气团
a mass of大量的
inrushing大批涌进的
instability不稳定性
suck up吸收
air pressure气压
outward往外的
technological development技术开发

grace.TTUID: 2534695

3.19(一)thatching roof
**这段太难了，没听懂
Listen as a guide describe the ancient art of f a
Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm,where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors like you.Today our master thatches will begin giving this barn behind me a sturdy thatched roof able to withstand heavy winds and last up to 100 years.How do they do it?well, in a nutshell,thatching involves covering the beams or rafters--- the wooden skeleton  of a roof --with reeds or straw.Our thatches here have harvested their own natural materials for the job---the bundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn.

Thatching is certainly uncommon in the US today.I guess that's why so many of you'v come to see this demonstration.But it wasn't always that way.In the 17c,the colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw ,just as they had done in England.After a while ,though,they began to replace the thatch with wooden singles because wood was so plentiful.And eventually,other roofing materials like stone,slate,and(in)  clay tiles came into use.

It's a real shame that most people today don't realize how strong and long lasting a thatched roof is.In Ireland,where thatching is still practiced,the roofs can survive winds of up to one hundred ten miles per hour.That's because straw and reeds are so flexible.They bend but don't break in the wind like other materials can.Another advantage is that the roofs keep the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter.And then of course there's the roofs' longevity--the average is 60 years,but they can last up to 100.With all these reasons to start thatching roofs again,wouldn't it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?

master主要的
barn仓房
sturdy结实的
beam横梁
rafter椽
reeds芦苇
straw稻草
in a nutshell 简单地说
harvest  v.收获
longevity寿命
craft 工艺
slate 石板瓦

grace.TTUID: 2534695

3.19(二)climatic shift
Question 48 to 50,listen to part of talk in a geology class.
Today I want to talk about the earth’s last major climatic shift,at the end of the last ice age.
But first,let’s back up a moment,and review what we know about climatic change in general.
First,we defined climate as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time.
In general,changes in climate occurr when the energy balance of the earth is disturbed.
Solar energy enters the earth’s atmosphere as light,and is radiated by the earth’s surface as heat.
Land,water and ice each effect this energy exchange differently.
The system is so complex that,to date, our best computer models are only crude of approximations and are not sophisticated enough to test hypotheses about the causes of climatic change.
Of course,that doesn’t keep us from speculating.For instance,volcanic activity is one mechanism that might affect climatic change.When large volcanoes erupt,they disperse tons of particles into the upper atmosphere where the particles then reflect light.
Since less light is entering the system of energy exchange,the result would be a cooling of the earth’s surface.
Of course,this is just one possible mechanism of global climate change.
In all probability,a complete explanation would involve several different mechanisms operating at the same time.
in all probability很可能地
48,how does the speaker begin her discussion?
49,what does the speaker mean by the phrase the energy balance of the earth?
50,why do meterologists have difficulty testing hyp about climatic changes?

grace.TTUID: 2534695

4.10-minerals  /   fossil fuels
44 to46 listen to a presentation being given in a geology class.
I’d like to begin by thanking Dr. Kane for inviting me to be here today.Although I’m not a geologist I have been collecting minerals for years.My collection is really diverse because I’v traveled all over the world to fine them.Today,I’ve brought a few specimens for you to see.After I discuss each one,I’ll pass it around so that you can look at it more closely.As you know, feldspars are the most abundant minerals and are divided into a number of types.These first samples are Orthoclases.Notice that they vary in color from white to pink to red.This glassy one is found in volcanic rock.In fact,I found it in New Mexico on a collecting trip.This next sample that I’ll pass around is a Microcline mineral,also called Amazonstone.You can identify it by its bright green color,it’s often used in jewelry and really is quite attractive.These final samples are all Plagioclase feldspars.Many plagioclases are very rare,so I’m particularly proud of the variety in my collection.I’ve also brought a few slides of some larger mineral samples and if you’ll turn out(关灯) the light now I’d like to show them to you.

Feldspar 长石
Orthoclases 正长石
Microcline 微斜长石----amazonstone（天河石）
Plagioclase 斜长岩　　　
长石：一种含钙、钠和钾的铝硅酸盐类矿物。为地壳中最常见的矿物，在火成岩、变质岩、沉积岩中都可出现。长石是几乎所有火成岩的主要矿物成分，对于岩石的分类具有重要意义。
44 what are the student doing a the listen to the speaker?
45 how did the speaker require all her minerals?
46 why the speaker pround of her p

Q 39 to 41 listen to a radio talk about fossil fuels.
Today I want to discuss fossil fuels(化石燃料) such as coal,oil and natural gas.The term fossil fuel refers to the trapped remains of plants and animals in sedimentary rock(水成岩)..You see,living plants trap energy from the sun by the process of photosynthesis,and they store the energy in their chemical compounds.Most of that energy is released when the plant dies and decays.However,sometimes organic matter(有机物) is buried before it decays completely.In this way,some of the solar energy becomes trapped in rocks,---hence the name fossil fuel.Although the amount of organic matter trapped in any one growing season is small,the accumulated ramains from millions of years are considerable.Because the accumulation rate is so slow---millions of times slower than the rate at which we now dig up this organic matter and burn it for energy---we must consider fossil fuels as nonrenewable resources.Tomorrow we’ll be discussing alternatives to fossil fuels that can be renewed.
chemical compounds 化学上所指的化合物
organic matter有机物
39,what is the main topic of this talk?
40,what does the speaker say about the accumulation of fossil fuels?
41,why does the speaker refer to fossil fuels as nonrewable?

grace.TTUID: 2534695

4.11－elevation of Mt.Everest   /   earthquake prediction
Now we will begin part C with the first talk.
Q40 to 43 listen to part of talk in a geography class.
Not long ago,some of you may have read about a team of mountain climbing（爬山） scientists who helped to recalculate（重新计算）
the elevation（海拔）of the highest mountain in the world,Mt Everest(珠穆朗玛峰).Of course,the elevation of Mt. Everest was determined many years ago using traditional surveying(n.测量) methods.But these scientists wanted to make a more precise measurement using a new method that takes advantage of recent advances in technology.It’s called the global positioning system.
The global positioning system uses 24 satellites that circle the earth.Each of these satellites is constantly sending out signals.And each signal contains important information that can be used to determine the longitude,latitude ,and elevation of any point on the earth’s surface.
Well in order to use this system to calculate Mt.Everest’s elevation,scientists needed to put a special reciever on its summit to receive signals from the satellites.The problem with this was that, in the past, the receivers were much too heavy for climbers to carry.But now these recievers have been reduced to about the size and weight of a handheld telephone.So climbers were able to take a receiver to the top of Everest and from there to access the satellite system signals that would allow them to determine the precise elevation and it turns out(结果是) that the famous peak is actually a few feet higher than was previously (以前的)thought.
40,what is the talk mailly about?
41,why does the speaker mention a handheld telephone?
42,according to the talk,what probably contributed most to the success of the new study of Mt everest?
43,in the study described,how were satellite signals used？

Q40 to 42
Listen to a talk in a geology class.
Now,you’ve been reading articles about the tremendous damage done to life and property by earthquakes.That’s why seismologists have been working so hard to develop methods of earthquake prediction.We can now predict earthquake fairly well,but the predictions only locate potential areas of danger.(存在潜在危机)They don’t predict the specific time and location at which an earthquake is likely to occur.
Today I want to introduce to you three prediction models that have been developed.
The first predicition model looks along earthquake faults(地震断层), those cracks(裂缝) in the Earth’s crust, to find what are known as （被认为是）seismic gaps.Seismic gaps are places where the fault has shown little or no seismic activity for a long time.This theory postulates that such places are due(应该) for a major shock.
The second model relies on phenomena(现象)---like ground tilt（倾斜）.Using long cylindrical tubes containing water,observers noted that ground tilt tended to occur before major earthquakes.That let them to correctly predict the big haicheng(HICHUNG) quake of 1975----the first successful earthquake prediction scientists have ever made.A million people were evacuated from(从…撤离) that chinese city before the earthquake struck.Unfortunately,this method hasn’t worked consistently,so we can’t say it’s been perfected.
The third model is based on the theory that major earthquakes closely follow a series of minor ones.Starting with the measurements and timing of the smaller quakes,a complex formula calculates the “times of increased probability” of a much larger quake.Right now,this method,like the first method,cannot predict specific times and places,but that may change as it is further developed.
For the moment, none of these models can predict with reasonable levels of confidence.
damage done既成损害、已发生的损坏

grace.TTUID: 2534695

4.11(二)
I think you would be enjoy my geology class this morning.
Don’t bet on it.I’ve never cared much about rocks.
But you do care about dinosaurs I recall and today we discuss the geological evidence about what may have killed off dinosaurs at least here in North America.
Oh,sure.They got hit by a comet or something I think.
Oh,well,yeah.About 60 million years ago, a huge comet did crash into earth and down in Mexico and it plowed out as an enormous crater over a hundred miles across.
And that’s what why death the dinosaurs,right?
Well,it was not exactly impact itself,but what happened right afterward.You see researchers figure out from the shape of the crater that the comet must be come in pretty low across Atlantic.And so right after the impact,a huge cloud of fire vapor must swept clear across North America all in just a few minutes.And that what probably kill off not the dinosaurs but a lot of
different species of plants and animals.
Amazing!
Yeah,and even 2ooo miles from the impact,plants would have been burst in the flame.
And the fire that intense must destroy just about everything.
Well,above ground,anyway.
Above ground?Say!I wonder if it that explains why the dinosaurs all disappeared but some other animals like maybe small mammels living underground manageed to survive.
Make sense.Anyhow later on the tons of dusts that thrown away out into the atmosphere may have caused some global climate change.So eventally the comet probably affected plants and animals species all around the world but nowhere as much as north America.

We’ve been talking about some of the affects that the human beings so act on the earth.One that you may not be aware of is that we’ve actually begun to change the length of the day.The other we say that one day is the amount of time the earth need to spend completely around on axis.And the imagery line runs through the center of earth from north to south.And of course there are a lot of physical causes that can affect the spin of earth rotation.But there is only one that direct result of the human activity.
Since 1950 human beings have built about 10 thousand artificial reservoirs all over the world.These reservoirs have redistributed tremendous amout of earth water.Water used to be in area near the equator and the imagery line on surround the middle of the earth is now reservoirs in the area of different latitudes.The latitude matters because, well , think of the earth and its axis, the equator cotains the areas on the earth that are farthest way from axis.So water has been redistributed from reason then wherever the water is,it’s closer to the earth axis.It’s like when ice skaters perform spins,when those skaters put their arms enclose to their bodies they spin faster.So the earth is spinning faster because the reservoirs have redistributed the water closer to its axis.And because the earth is spinning faster.Since 1950,the length of day has decreased by about 8 millonth of a second.I know that doesn’t sound like much but significant in that this is the first time that human beings ever had miserable affect on the earth motion.
physical causes实质因素

奔跑蜗牛UID: 2579189

好认真的TT

grace.TTUID: 2534695

14# 奔跑蜗牛

嘿嘿，是前段时间忙其他事都没有学啊，内疚自责中。。。:D