sk999's log to prepare for tofel listening

sk999UID: 2635443

TX: stress between study and work

Hi, steward, how is school going?

Hi, Lisa, school is really, really tough right now. Exam is coming up in two weeks.

Geez, steward, you sound stressed(stress).Exams, yes, I used to dread(stressed) this time of (the) year. I used to cram the night before and hope I was studying the right stuff.

That's the hard part of studying last minutes. You run out of(it at) time ,have to pick and(up) choose(choosing) the area of focus and guess what(it) will on the exams. It's always a bit of gamble.

To add more stress(stressed), I have a parttime job on top of studing.

Can't you take some time off from you job, steward?

No, I need the money to help pay my board. I thought I was doing pretty well all term(on turning) balancing(balance in) school and work. But now I am finding it next too impossible to find the time(timetable) to
both study and work. After coming home from the job, I have to hit the book for a few hours every night whether I was in energy or not. Sometimes I just want to go to sleep. I am so tired.

Well, if it's(there is) a consolation, steward, you know it'snot going to last for ever. It's like you just have to find extra energy to get through at all.

Before you know it, you've graduated(graduate). Twenty years from now, you'll look back on the time and remember all the fun(funny) you had.

No doubt. Thanks, Lisa. I know you're right. I probably even look back on my menial job with fondess(find it) too.

sk999UID: 2635443

16# sk999

Word(What) comes from(come through) California of the new weapon in the war of household pests? Two scientists working for a firm in Anaheim Abraham, California have developed a method to eliminate insects without using dangerous chemicals.

The new poison: Hot air. The basic idea is the insect can't adjust to temperature much above normal. In laboratory experiments, cockroaches and termites can't survive much more than a quarter of an hour at 125 degree Fahrenheit or about 50 degree centigrade. The new method involves covering a house with a huge tent and filling it with air heated to around 65 degree centigrade. Hot air iss forced with fans and tent keep the heat inside the house.Since termite try to escape
by hiding in wooden beams, the heat treatment must continue for full 6 hours. But when it's all(all is) over and insects are dead, there are(is) no toxic residue to endanger humans or pets and no funny smells.

Scientists claimed that(planed) there is no danger of fire either since very few household material will burn(were burned) at 65 degrees (of) centigrade. In fact, wood is prepared for construction use by drying it in ovens (enough11s) that is 80 degree centigrade which is
substantially hotter than the air used in the procedure.

I-08-2: outlines and schedule

Listen to a teacher talking to her students in her freshman English class:

I am sure you realize that your research papers are due in 6 weeks. I've looked at(love) you proposed your topics and made comments about them.

The most frequent problem was proposing too broad topic. Remember: this is a only 15 page paper. As I return(will turn) to your topic papers, I'd like to

look over the schedules which sketches out what we will do during the next two weeks. Today is Monday. By Friday, I want your preliminary

outline. Please be sure to incoporate suggestions I have made in your topics in your outlines.

Next week I will conference with each of you. I've posted a schedule on my office door. sign(Assign) your name to indicate the time you're( of your) available for appointment. In the conference, we will discuss your preliminary ountline. Then you can make the necessary revisions and hand in your final outline which is due two weeks later from today. Use the outline style in your textbook and remember it to be no more than two pages long. Be sure to begin with a thesis statement, that is, with a precise statement of the point you intend to approve and include a conclusion. Have you got all that? Your
two pages preliminary outline are due at the end of this week and final outlines
are due after your confereces. Follow the textbook style and include thesis statement and conclusion.

sk999UID: 2635443

17# sk999
I-08-3: Grant Wood(American Gothic)

Listen to a talk given by a tour guide in the museum:

Before we begin our tour , I'd like to give you some background information on the painter Grant(Grand)wood. We'll be seeing much of his work today.

Wood was born in 1881 in Iowa farm country and became interested in art very early in life. Although he studied art in both Annapolis and at the art institute in Chicago, the strongest influence on his art was European. He spent time in both Germany and France. And his study there help shape his own stylized form of realism.

When he return Iowa, wood applied the stylistic realism he learn in Europe to the rural life he saw around him and he remembered for his childhood around the turn of the century. His(He's) portraitsoffarm families imitate(is in the tip) the static
formalism of (a) photographs (of) early settlers(satirlize) posed(poster) in front of their homes. His paintings of farmers at work and of their tools and animals demonstated a serious respect for their lifes of midwest united states.

By the 1930s, wood was a leading (a) figure of school art called "American regionalisim". In an effort to sustain a strong midwest artistic movement,

Wood established an institute of midwest artist in his own state. Although the institue failed, the painting you are about to see perserve wood's vision of pioneer farmer(farms).

I-09-2: Sun dogs

Listen to a student telling his classmate about something he saw last summer:

When I was in British Columbia last July(lanch to line), working in the department of archeological dig, I saw the weirdest rainbow. At first, I can't believe my eyes because the bands of the color I saw weren't in a single half circle arch across the sky. Instead, I saw a full circle in rainbow hues

hanging in the sky just above the sea. Inside the circle, there was a big white disk. And above the circle, there was another around band of colors forming a halo(hilo). There were curve legs(flags) of multicolor light(flag) coming off the sides(offside) the circles . It was an incredible sight.

I ran back to an main camp and tried to get
our(a) cook come with me to see my fantastic find before it disappeared. He just laughed at my excited story and told what I saw was nothing special, just some sundogs. He said I'd be sure to see many more before I left. And sure enough, I did. When I get back from the dig, I ask professor Clark(Clock) about the Sundogs and she is going to tell us more about them.

Background information: Wood's best known work is his 1930 painting American Gothic is one of the few paintings to reach the status of cultural icon, along with Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and Edvard Munch's The Scream.[3] It is thus one of the most reproduced — and parodied — images ever.

I-09-1: pattern books written by architects

Listen to a talk given in a university class:

In today's class we'll be examining some 19 century pattern books that were used for building houses. I think
it's fair(bell) to say these pattern books were the most important influences on the design of North American houses during the 19 century. This was because most people who wanted to build a

house can't afford to hire an architect. Instead, they bought a pattern book, picked out a plan and took it to the builder.
The difference in(of) cost(costs) was(were) substantial. In 1870, for example, hiring an architect would cost about 100 dollars. At the same time, a pattern book written(read) by an(the) architect cost only 5 dollars. At that price, it's easy to see why pattern book was so popular.

Some are back in print .(Summer backing print them (again)) today. And ,of course, they cost a lot more than they did 100 years ago. But they are invaluable resources for historians
and also for people who restored old houses. I have a modern reprint here that I'll be passing around the room in a(at that) moment so that everyone can have a look.

TX: intelligence

A general intelligence: listen to part of the lecture in a psychology class

Today we would look at the problematic concept known as intelligence. What is it? Is that an intelligence that help(s) us to solve all kinds of problems? or are there different
intelligences that help us deal with particular problems and solutions ? What do you think?

I think it depend(s) on other things ,such as cultural background.

Indeed, there is also a body of (about) a research that states mental ability is a function of social factors such as eduction and not one's(ones) inherent(inherit) biological(by a logical) make-up(makeups). The scientific society is divided on the issue.
One of the beliefs behind the idea of single identy intelligence is the concept of general intelligence or G. The English psychogists Charles Spearman in the early 20 century made G stand for a statistic measure of performance across a variety of tests.
He found that the same people who did well in a variety of mental tests tended to use a part in their brains that he termed G. This G in fact laid(lead) the foundation for the notion of a single intelligence,allowing (allow on) us to undertake everyday mental tasks.

Can you think of any problem inherent in(in hearing) this theory?

Well, for one thing, it seems thare are a lot of mental activities that(they) go on and that(And) we can't always (tell with the) measure their(of) activities so easily.

True enough. Nonetheless, a recent study seem to confirm Beerman's theory. Research (Reserchers) has(have) found the part of the brain called the lateral prefrontal(bran frontle) cortex is the only area of the brain to increase in blood flow when volunteers tackle complicated(complete) puzzles. However, sbeerman's concept is still highly controversial with many people questioning both the statistical process and the simplest nature of G.

sk999UID: 2635443

18# sk999
TX: golden age of American agriculture

the golden age of Amercian agriculture:

We call the first 2 decades of 20th(twenty) century the golden age of American agriculture. What was the factors that may appear in the golden age of the Amercian agriculture? Who can offer some reasons?

New strains of crops,improving farming methods, and what about great use of pestcides and fertilizers?

Absolutely. Technical advances continue to improve productivity. The U.S.A depart of agriculture set up
demonstration farms to show how new

technique could improve crop yields. In 1914, congress creat the agriculture extension service to advise farmers and their families about everything about everything, from crop fertilizers to home sewing(selling) project. The depart of agriculture undertook new research, developing hogs that fatten faster on less grain as well as fertilizer that increase grain production,new hybrids that were developed in healthy plants, treatment that prevented or cured plant or animal diseases and various methods for controlling pests were all introduced around this time.

Anything else?

Was there also some kind of population boom around then?

Good. Farm price was high as the demands for goods were increased and land values rose. However ,the gold years of the early 20 century were ended following world war I. What was happening then?

Maybe a lot of people, women especially, were moving from the farms to the cities.

sk999UID: 2635443

19# sk999
I-09-3: rural community program

listen to a talk about the medical profession:

It seems like only yesterday that I was sitting where you are, just finishing my first year of medicial school and wondering if I'd ever get (a) chance to use all my new knowledge on a real life patient. Well, I have a good news for you. You don't have to wait until your third, fourth medical school years to get some hands on the expereience. The dean has invited(let) me be here to tell you about the university rural opportunity program.

If you (are) enrolled in this program, you can have the opportunity this summer after your first year (of) medical school. To spend from 4 to 6 weeks abserving and assisting a real physician, like me, in a small rural community. You won't have to compete with other students for time and attention(tension). And you can see what a life as a(of)
country doctor is really alike.The program was designed to encourage medical school students like yourselves to consider(consist) careers in rural communites that are still understaffed.

It seems that medical scohool students are afraid to go into(to) (a) rural family practice for two reasons: First, they don't know much about it. And second, specialists in the city usually make more money . But, on the upside(opposite), in rural practice, doctors can really get to know their patients and be respected members of the community. I precipitated in that program when first started and spend 6 weeks in the small rural town. Let me tell you it was really great. I got to work with real patients. I watch the birth of a child, assisted an(assistant) accident victim and how lots of real practica; hands on experience all in one summer. And to my surprise, I
found that country life has lots to offer the city life doesn't,no pollution or traffic jam for instance. My expereience made me want to work where I am needed and appreciated. (maybe won't work while I need it and I appreciate it). I don't miss the city at all.

I-10-01: next week’s schedule

In the few minutes that remain of (remained) today's class, I'd like to discuss the next week's schedule with you. Because I'm presenting?(central signing) a paper at conference in Detroit(into
choir) on the thursday, I won't be here for either Wednesday's or Friday' class. I will however(have eve)r be here for Monday's.

Next friday, a week from today, it's the midterm exam, marking the halfway point of this semester. Professor Angel has agreed to administer this exam. In place of the usual wedneday class, I've (will) arranged an optional review session. Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken. However, attending this class would be a good idea for those who worry about the midterm. So, remember, optional, wednesday, midterm, Friday.

I-10-02: Neveda archeological cave

Today's leture will center(set) on prehistoric people of Nevada(valetta) desert. Now most of the prehistoric desert people move across the countryside throughout the year. You may think that they were wandering aimlessly. Far from it! They actually followed a series of(serious) carefully planned(plant) moves. Where they move depend on where food was available, place where plants were ripening(arriving) or fish were spawning.

Now often when these people moved, they carried all their possesions on their backs. But if(out) the journey was long, extra food and tools was sometine stored in caves or beneath(be in) rocks. One of these caves is now an exciting archeological sites. Beyond its(a) small opening is a huge underground grotto(groundel). Even the(those) cave's (are) very large, it was certainly too dark and dusty for the travellers to live in. But it was a great place to hide things there.

And tremendous mount of foods
,supplies and artifacts have been found there. The food include dried fish, seeds and nuts. The artifacts include stone spearpoints and knives. These spearpoints are actually rather small. Here is a picture of some that are(ever) found. You can their size in relation to

the hands holding them.

sk999UID: 2635443

20# sk999
I-10-03: fish

To us, the enviroment in which fish dwell often seems cold, dark and mysterious. But there are advantages to live in water and they(this) have played an important role in making fish what they are.

One is that water isn't subject to sudden temperate changes. Therefore, makes an excellent habitat for a coldblood animal. Another advantage is

the water's ability to easily support body weight. Protoplasm(Prote present) has appromixately the same density as(its) water. So a fish in wate is almost weightless. This weightlessness in turn means two things. one: a fish can get along with a light weight and simple bone structure. And,two,limitations to a fish's size are pratically removed.

Yet, there(it) is one basic difficulty to live in water,the fact that it is incompressible. For a fish to move through water, it must actually shove it aside.

Most can do this by wiggling back and forth(backing force) in a snake like motion. The fish pushes(pull its) water aside by the foreward motion of its head and with curve of its body and its flexible tail. Next, the water flows back along the fish's narrowing(narrow wing) sides, closing(crossing) in at the tail and helping the fish propeling itself forward.

The fact that water is incompressible has literally shaped the development of fish. A flat and anglular shape can be moved through water only with difficulty. And, for this reason,fish has a basic shape that is beautifully adopted to deal with its pecularity(particularity).

I-11-1: nutrient labels

current studies show that what goes on (goods on) labels
is an important consideration for manufactors since more than 70 percent of shopper read food lables when considering whether to buy a product. A recent controversy as to whether labels are prepared foods should educate or merely(nearly) inform consumer is over and consumer groups
got its(them) away.

The group had maintained(maintains) that product label should do more than simple list how many grams of nutriens food contains. Their contention is that the labels should also list the percentage of a day's(these) total nutriens that the product to supply consumer because this information is essential in planning a healthy diet.

A government agency disagreed
strongly, favoring a label that merely(nearly) informs the consumer. In another words, a lable that only list the contents of products. The agency maintain that consumers could decide for themselves the food's nutrious(netrients) and is meeting their daily's needs.

The consumer group,in( is) supporting its case, had cited(has decided) a survey in which shoppers were shown food label and then were asked if they would need more or less certain netrients after eating a(or) serving of this product. The shoppers weren't able to answer the questions easily when they were n't given a specific percentage. This study and others helped get (help together) the new regulation passed(past) and now food products must have the more detailed labels.

glamorouskyUID: 2459211

加油

sk999UID: 2635443

22# glamorousky

listen to a talk being given by an air line representative
at a college fair:

Good afternoon. I'm here today to talk to you about career with our air line. We're specially interested in recruiting people to fill(fields) opening for flight attendants.

First of all, to work as flight attendants with us you must be acceptted in our training program. And with so many people applying, it is not easy to be selected. From the thousands of applications that we received annually, we choose fewer than a thousand of people for training. So, we require experience serving the public and it also helps if you'v earned some of college credits.(the varient of some college graduates).

Also, not everybody who get accepted into the training program makes it through. The course meets 6 days a week for 5 weeks. The training includes extensive classrooms work in(working) such subjects as first aid(stage) and(at) passenger psychology as well as a pratical training in flight procedures and meal service (news serves).

A lot of graduates say that(see) our flight attendance develop the skill of a nurse(ners), a head waitor, and public relations executive.

But as a flight attendent myself I can say that all of hard work is worth it. Of course I gotta travel throughout(trough all) the country and the air lines pays all of expenses while I am away from my base station. And what I like best of all is that I've made friends
with people from all over the country.

I-11-3: climatic change

Today I want to talk about the earth last major climatic shift at the end of last ice age.

But, first,let's back up a moment and review what we know about climatic change in general. First, we defined climate as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time. In general, changes in climate occur when energy balance on earth is disturbed. Solar energy enters the earth's atmosphere as light and is radiated by the earth surface as heat. Land, water and ice each affect the energy exchange differently. The system is so complex that to date our best computer models are only crude approximation and not sophisticated enough to test hypothesis about the courses about climatic change. Of course, that doesn't (does)keep us speculating.

For instance, valcanic activity is one mechanism might affect climatic change. When large valcanoes erupt, they disperse tons of particle into

the upper(outer) atmosphere where the particles then reflect the light. Since less light is entering the system of energy exchange, the result would be a cooling of the earth surface. Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climate change. In our probability,a complete explanation would involve several different mechanisums operating at the same time.

sk999UID: 2635443

10# sk999
I-12-1: park ranger

I'd know you're anxious to get your permits and(in) get started.But, there're just a few things I like to mention that might help you avoid trouble during your stay.

First of all,make sure you carry adequate(out) water.You'll need it if you are hiking especially in this heat. A good rule of thumb(for sum) is to(must) bring one gallon per person per day this time of year. Don't try to rely on the park's natural spring to supply all your water needs. And please don't use soap in the springs. It's (into) your responsibilty to protect the park's natural features.

For those of you staying beyond the weekend,make sure those of you set up camps well(while) away from the dry creekbeds(quick beds). We may get some heavy rainfall and those creekbeds(quick beds) could quickly become filled with water. And you and all your equipment might end up washing down stream.

When you pick up your permits, you also get a park services booklets. It 'll tell (tells) you everything you need to know about the hiking trails, They vary in length.(the very inland,) of course. But, most of them are under 5 miles, relatively easy to day hikes. Remember, if you are hiking solo(sole), make sure you let someone know you are going and when they can expect you back.

And for you own safety, we recommend that you not climb rock faces. All of the rock throughout the park is very unstable. One final word,watch out for poisonous(poison of) snakes. Rattlesnake's activity is at peak of this time of year, especially at night. For your own good, we recommend wearing protect clothing and carry flashlight after dark.

I-12-2: Sergeant Molly

Last week we talked about Ann Blood street and the role of women in the(a) Puritan colonist. Today I want to talk about some other women who 've contributed to American history, some famous and some not so famous.

The first woman I'd like to talk about is Molly(Morria) Pitcher. Those of you who are familiar with the name may know her as a hero of American Revolution.But, in fact, there was never a woman named Morria Piture. Her real name was actually Mary Lude Hays. She got the nickname, Morria pitcher, for her act of bravey(acts bravely) during the Revolutionary war.

As the story goes, when Mary's or Morris' husband , John Hays,(join his),enlisted( in latest) the artillery, Mary followed like many other wives did. She helped out(diet) doing(when) washing and cooking for the soldiers. She was (not) known to be a pretty unusal(and usual) woman. She smoked pipe and chewed(shoot) tobacco. Anyway, in the summer of

1778, at the battle of Monis, it was blistering hot day,maybe over a 100 degrees and fifty soldiers died of thirst during the battle. Morria wasn't

content to stay(
contestent) back at(the) camp. Instead, she ran through gun shots and cannon fire, carrying water in pitcher from a small stream out to the thirsty American soldiers.The relief that she brought (the chee plot)
with her pitcher of water gives her a legendary nick name: Morry Pitcher.

The story also says that she
continued to load and fire her husband's cannon after he was wounded. They say she was so well liked by(but) the other soldiers that they called her sergeant(soldier) mary. In fact, legend has it that George washignton himself give her the special military title.

I-12-3: Children’s psychology

Today we are going to talk about shyness and discuss recent search on ways to help children learn to interact(enact) socially.

Many people consider themselves shy,in fact, 40 percent of the people who took part in our survey(services) said(as) they were shy. That's two out of every (too ouber vibrate )five people. And there are ('s our) studies to indicate that the tendency to shyness may be inherent. But just because certain children are timid, doesn't mean they are doomed(due) to be(being) shy forever. There are things parents, teachers and children themselves can do to overcome this(these) tendency and even to prevent it(them).

One research find if parents gentlely push their shy children to try
new things, they can help these children become less afraid and less inhibited. Another way to help shy children is to train them in social skills. For example, there are special training groups where children are taught things like looking at other children while talking to them, talking about other people's interests, and even smiling. These groups've been

very successful at(in) giving shy children a place to feel safe and accepted and at building up their self-esteem.

TX: consumer price index

And(At) now class, let's switch gears(wish gare) and discuss different topic: consumer price index, CPI, for short. If you switched on TV and heard on the news that CPI

in Canada was 2.1 percent, what does that mean? In a nutshell, it means Canadian consumers paid 2.1 percent more than in the previous year for the goods and services included in the CPI basket.

Although prices of goods and services rise and fall (all) over the time,
when prices change too dramatically, they can have a negative effect on an(the) economy. In order to tell if economy is experiencing inflation, deflation or stagflation, we use the CPI as a gauge(cage) of price of goods and services.

Believe it or not, when the depart of labour's bureau of labor's stastistics releases the CPI data monthly, the CPI's results are widely anticipated and watched. Who would eagerly await the results, you might ask? Well, the CPI plays a role for many key financial decision makers, including individual investors,the Bank of Canada in Canada and the Federal Reserve in the US. The CPI helps the Bank of Canada forecast the interest-rate(interest) policy and other decisions of major banks and corporations (incorportions).

I mention the CPI basket before. And now, I want to expand on what the basket is and how we get the information. The base-year market basket which make s up the CPI comes from detail the expenditure information collected from a survey of thousands of families. The information isn't randomly collected.Instead, the information is gathered through interviews and diaries kept by participants who'v agreed to disclose their buying habits. The basket is divided into 8 groups: food and beverages, housing, apparel,transportation,medical care, recreation, education and communication and other goods and services and includes more than 200 categories. Finally, the prices of 8 thousand items in the market basket are collected monthly from thousands of retail stores, service establishment, rental(rattle) units and doctors' offices.

sk999UID: 2635443

24# sk999
I-13-1: auk

We've just seen two contemporary large
birds that can't fly: the emu and ostrich. Over here is(it's) an interesting specimen for the past. This stuffed animal isn't the giant penguin(panger when) it appears
to be but an auk(ork).

This particular kind of ork is very rare.only 78 skins are
known to exist and most of all are not preserved as well as this one. The great auk(oak) ,as you can see,was rather a large bird and it couldn't fly either. However, evidence suggests the ork was an excellent swimmer and diver. Unfortunately, those abilities didn't protect it from being easy prey(preyed) for hungry sailors who years ago sailed the very cold and often icy waters of Greenland, Icyland and Scotland.

In fact, records indicate that the
orks was rather tasty and that the eggs and feathers were useful as well. Still, it isn't clear what other factors led to the big birds demise
around 1844(1884), the last time anyone report seeing one. Of course, we believe it's important to take extra precautions to preserve the remaining great auks(orc's) skins. After all, this speciman should prove invaluable for future scientific research. Does anyone have any questions before we move on to next bird exhibit?


I-13-2:orthoclases,microcline and plagioclases feldspars

I'd like to begin by thanking Doc. Kane(King) for inviting me to be here today. Although I am not a geologist,I've been collecting minerals for years.

My collection is really diverse because I've traveled all over the world to find them. Today I've brought a few specimens for you to see. After I discuss each one, I'll pass it around so that you can look at it more closely.

As you know, feldspars(fell spars) are the most abundant(bounden) minerals and are( it is) divided into a number of types. This first samples are orthoclases( outhplace). Notice that they vary in color from white to pink to red. This glassy(classic) one is found in Valcanic rock(wreck). In fact, I found it in new Mexico on a collecting trip. This next sample I'll pass around is a microcline(macro cline) mineral, also called amazon stone. You can identify it by bright green
color. It's often used in jewellery and really is quite attractive. This final samples are all plagioclases feldspars(playg place field spars). Many plagioclases(playg places) are
very rare so I'm particularily

proud of the variety in(of) my collection. I've ('m) also brought(proud) a few( if your) slides of
some larger mineral sampes and if you turn on the light(slides) now, I'd like to show them to you.

I-13-3: the national park service

Welcome to yellow stone national park. Before we begin our nature walk today, I'd like to give you a short history of our national park service.

The national park service began in the late 1800's. A small group of explorers has just completed a month long exploration of the region(origin) that is now yellow stone. They gathered around the campfire and after hours' discussion, they decided that they should not claim this land for themselves. They felt it should be accessible to everyone. So they began a campaign to perserve this land for everyone's enjoyment.

Two years day, in the late 19 century, an act of (active) congress signed by president Ulysses(Ulessles) S. Grant proclaim the yellow stone region a public park. It was the first national park in the world. After yellow stone became a public park, many other areas of (a) great scenic( seeing came) importance(
an important) were set aside(recide site). And in 1916, the national park service was established to manage these parks.

As a park ranger, I'am an employee of the national park service. In a national park, park rangers are on duty at all times to answer questions and
help visitors in any difficulty. Nature walkers, guide tours and camp fire talks(talkers) are offered by specially training staff members. The park service also protect the animals and the plants within the parks.

sk999UID: 2635443

25# sk999
I-14-1: dorm lottery system

I need to make sure you understand how to get housing for next year.

When you entered as a first year student this year, the school assigned you to a dorm and a roommate. But next year,as returning students, you choose both your roommate and your dorm. But whether or not you actually get to live in your first choice depends on what number you or your roommate draws in the lottery system.

The system gives priority to the students who've been
here longest. Fourth years students get the first block numbers,third years get the second block and second years like you 'll be get third. The lower the number you draw, the sooner you choose. No. 1 gets the first choice, No.2 gets the second choice and so on. You can use either your own or your intended(intentend) roommates No to make your room choice. If your roomate for next year has been at(in) the school longer than you have, they will be in a better block of numbers and so will have a better No. than any second year student. But most of you will probabaly be rooming with other second year students and so neither of you may have a great No. You may not get into your first or even second choice. Of course, if you 've
made plans to live offcampus, you don't need to enter the lottery at all.

Dorm space will be especially tight this year because the dorms on north campus will be closed for renovation(runner stations). This means those of you who draw the worst numbers won't be able to get dorm house at all. In that case, the housing office will help you find offcampus housing.

I-14-2: tyrannosaurus rex

Before I tell you about the interestin discovery related to Tyrannosaurus rex (relics), I need to review something we studied last semester, the difference between what are commonly called
cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals.

In warm-blooded animals, birds and mammals for example, the body temperature normally stays within a narrow range no matter what the outside temperature is. As a result, a warm-blooded animal is usually active in both cold and hot weather because its body temperature can adjust to the

temperature of its(the) enviroment.

On the other hand, cold-blood animals ,such as most reptiles,amphibians and insects, are unable to create enough heat internally to raise their temperature above the temperatue of the enviroment. So, for example, the temperatue of cold-blooded animal falls when the enviroment is cool. I hope this distinction(diction) is clear.

Now, moving on to tyrannosaurus(ranersous) rex(relics), you man know that dinosaurs ,being reptiles, are generally believed to have been cold-blooded. While a recent study found that the chemical compositon of bones of tyrannosaurus(teranersous) rex(relics) was consistent with the bones of an animal that has a very narrow range of internal temperature indicating that it was probably warm-blooded.

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I-14-3: Ms. Lampert

Thank you all for(of) coming out this evening to meet sociologist Elen Lanberd. Ms.(Mr.) Lamperd specializes(specailized) in research on the
workplace and recently has been writing about the
future of work.

This topic should be of especial interest(interested) since I know many of you are already at the forefront of workplace technology. For example, let's have a show of (shown) hands to see how many people here telecommute
at least part of time. I see eight hands(it's hundred) raised. Well, you eight folks who(aid focus), work at homes,and communicate with your offices via(by) your computer represent one of the trends. Ms.(Mr.) ramper has described that people become less tied to the workplace.

One of the important tools for telecommuting is electronic mail or E-mail. E-mail lets you send and receive messages almost immediately on your computer. But you control when you read them and when you respond to them. This technology allows people have more control over time than when(one) relying solely on the telephone.

Our guests tonight will discuss how the important changes will alter the way we work. But, before turning the floor over to(foreover) the Ms.(Mr.) Lamperd, I would('ve) just like to remind you that she(you) will(should) be available to answer any individual questions as the reception immediately following this talk.

I-15-1: clocks and watches

I am sure almost everyone of you look at your watch or at a clock before you came to class today. Watches and clocks seem as (in this) much a part of our life as(is) breathing or eating.

And yet, did you know that watches and clocks are scarce in the United States until the 1850's? In the late 1700's, people didn't know the exactly time unless they were near a clock. Those delightful clocks in the squares of(and) European town were built for the public. After all, most citizens simply couldn't afford a personal timepiece(time pace). Well, into the 1800's, in Europe and the United States, the main purpose of
a watch which by the way was often(of) on a(the) golden chain
was to show others how wealthy you were.

The word "wristwatch" didn't even enter the English language until nearly 1900. By then, the rapid pace of industrialization in the United States meant that measuring time had become essential. How could
the factory worker get to work on time unless he or she knew exactly what time it was. Since efficiency was now mearsured by how fast a job was done. Everyone was interested in time.

And since industrialization made possible the manufacter of large quantity of goods, watch is becoming fairly
inexpensive. Furthermore, electric

lights kept factories going around the clock. Being on time had entered
the lanuage and life of every citizen.

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27# sk999
I-15-2: in the aquarium: eel, knife fish and electricity rays

listen to the guide in the aquarium:

This room is devoted to electric fish.

The eel in the (yellownic) tank behind me can produce a strong jolt of eletricity to stun its prey. But most of fish in here produce only weak electric impulses that are useful(used) for navigating, locating food and even for communicating.

The knife(nun) fish is a good example. This fish navigates using tiny receptors in the skin that are sensitive to electric impulses. The knife(nun) fish produce an electrical signal and receptors in the skin let it know when the signal is distorted(destroyed) by a tree root(road) or some other obstacles. So it can go around it.

Fish also use the ability to produce and detect electricity impulses to communicate. They can tell each other what species they belong to, how big they are,and whether they are male or female. We have a tank here that is specially equipped to convert the inaudible signals that fish produce into sounds you can hear when you put on the headphones. I urge you all to listen in when I am done a speaking.

Now have a(the) look at the electrical rays. Rays are specially interesting to medical researches because the organs they used to produce electricity.

This organ contains a chemical that carry signals from one
nerve ending(and ading) to next, not only in rays, but also in people. By studying these organs,

scientists hope to learn more about the diseases that interupt the transmission of impulses( have been possess) from one nerve to another.

I-15-3: modern choreography

So why did what is now called modern dance begin in the United States?To begin to answer this question, I'll need
(aren't we) to back track a little bit and talk about classical ballet?

By the late 1800's, ballet had lost a lot of its popularity. Most of the ballet dancers who performed in the United States were broght over from Europe. They performed, using the rigid(rich) techniques that has(but) been passed down through the centuries. Audience and dancers in the United States were eager for their own contemporary dance forms.

And so, around 1900, dancers create one. So, how was this moderate dance so different from classical ballet? Almost notably, it wasn't carefully choregraph.

Instead, the dance depends on the improvisation and free-personal expression of the dancers. Music and scenery(theme) were of
little importance to the modern dance. And lightness of movements wasn't important either. In fact, modern dancers made no (may now) attemp at (to) all to conceal the effort involved a dance step.

But even if in an improvisation appealed to audience, many dance critics were less than enthusiastic about the performance. They questioned the artistic

integrity of dancers who are not professionally trained and the artistic value of works that had no formal structure. Loie fuller(Lowie forer), after performing
fire dance,was described doing little more than
turning round and round like an eggbeater(ely beater). Yet the free personal expression of the pioneer dancers is the basis of the controlled freedom of modern dance today.

I-16-1: fossil fuels in sedimentary rocks

Listen to a radio talk about fossil fuels:

Today I want to discuss fossil fuels, such as: coal, oil and natural gas.

The term fossil fuel refers to the trapped remains( trap means) of the plants and animals in sedimentary(settlement) rock. You see. living plants trap energy from the sun by the process of photosynthesis and they store the energy in their chemical compounds. Most of the energy is released when the plant dies and decays.

However, sometimes, organic matters are buried before it decays completely. In this way, some of the solar energy becomes trapped in rocks ,hence the name fossil fuel.

Although the amount of organic matter traped in any one growing season is small, the accumulated remains for millions of years are considerable.

Because the accumulation rate is so slow, millions of times slower than the rate at which we now dig up this organic matter and burn it for energy,

we must consider fossil fuels as no-renewable resourses. Tomorrow we will be discussing alternatives to fossil fuels that can be renewable.

I-16-2: pottery

We've been together now in this pottery class for several weeks. And I feel you're all doing very well. I thought you may be interested in hearing about ceramics workshops that(. It) will be held here at the college next month.

Kate Ferguson(Kates Birgthin), who was recently named by ceramics monthly ,is one of the dozen best potter in the world, will be at(in) the recreation center for an intensive(attance) 7-day workshop. Participants( Participance) in workshop will, Kates has assured(showed) me, make a lot of pots(potters) and be able to work closely with her on refining their techniques and (the technician) skills.

There is only room for 18 potters and advanced pottery students in the workshop. So, everyone will get a personal attention. It costs 175 dollars, which includes all you materials and a picnic which is usually attended by all of the participants at the end of the workshop. A 50 dollars deposits is requried ahead of time, with the rest of tuition (a restitution) due by may 15. I should mention that this workshop is cosponsored(cost bounce) by the Van Howe(one how) chemical company which is donating the clay. If you want to register for the workshop, you should call the recreation center at 5553080. You should really consider
taking advantage of this opportunity.

I-16-3: narcolepsy:

You might think that most of the patients at(that are) in sleep clinics are being treated for sleeplessness, commonly referred to as insomnia. But that is not the case.

The majority of sleep clinic patients suffer from disorders of excessive sleeps or hypersomnia. While most insomnias somehow manage to drag themselves through the day and function at (an) acceptable although not optimal levels.

This is not so for people who suffer from hypersomnia.They are incapacitated(incapacity) by irresistable
urges to sleep during the day, often in inappropriate(improper) situations, at business meetings, in supermarkets or at parties.Even more dangerous, (it) is their(the) failure to remain awake when(awaken) driving or operating machinery. Falling asleep in such situation could obviously be life threatening.

Many hypersomnia suffer from narcolepsy(no collapse) for which the primary symptom is excessive daytime sleepiness. Though not apprent in childhood, they seem to

most often appears for the first time during the teen years and continue throughout a person's life. The sleep attacks may occur as many as 15 to 20 times during the course of the day and lasts for periods for 15 minutes up to 2 hours.

What can be done to help those suffering from narcolepsy(not collapcy). There're certain drugs that can help. and specialists(I especially) suggest voluntary napping to decrease the frequency of such sleep attacks.