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Issue 教育类:
总结的一些资料
教育
Education is a means to prepare students to fit for life.
教育之全面发展篇:
5(基础教育):
In contrast, countries like France, Germany, and Japan have school systems that are financed and regulated on the national level. This has allowed them to maintain a relatively uniform school environment throughout their respective countries, regardless of the values and economies of local communities. They have also accomplished this partly by mandating highly competitive standardized examinations. These exams usually have direct consequences for the students who take them, often by permitting or denying access to higher education or positions of employment. 这种情况和中国的一样,可以把这几个国家作为统一课程的例子。
The public schools are administered by the local school boards who sometimes participate in choosing the teachers, decide how school funds are to be allocated, and have some voices in establishing the curriculum. Local funds for schools are largely from property taxes paid by residents of the local school districts. The people of the entirely community, not just the parents of the children who attend, pay for schools.
Elementary knowledge in language and science lays the foundation of students’ further education.
不好:different race, different geographical areas, different historical background, different culture tradition, different living condition and the students' quality is very different too, it is impossible to ask all of them to use the curriculum of a same level .If all of them use the same curriculum ,maybe someone will feel so easy, the other feel difficult at the same time . so the school teacher should have the right to decide which kind of curriculum they need.强化教学管理的规范性,对教学质量的提高有好处,但它却是以牺牲教学管理的灵活性与活力为代价take the flexibility and vigour of the school management as the price ,使教学管理丧失了其个性与创造力loose its characteristics and creativeness. 在过去的课程格局中,忽视学生主体以及各地区学校的需求和特点,用统一的课程、统一的教材、统一的试卷、统一的目标和方式来衡量具有千差万别的学生。单一的课程格局和简单的评判标准,抑制了多向思考和个性化的体验、理解与表达,造成的是统一规格的人才。今天的社会需要多样化、有个性的人才,当然未来的社会更是如此。
好:As greater numbers of Americans enrolled in schools during the 20th century, education became a powerful social and economic force.这句改一改可以放在教育类文章的开头当作背景。 Efforts to increase the size and efficiency of public schools led to the creation of more centralized school systems. To bring order and efficiency to school systems, American educators had already developed standardized mechanisms of school organization by the end of the 19th century. For example, class placement was determined by a student’s age, each class period was a specified length, and students graduated after a specified number of years in attendance. 上面的论述可以借鉴用作赞成统一课程的原因,统一课程的好处。
Schools also became more centrally organized as education developed into a highly structured profession with a streamlined chain of administrative command.另一个统一的原因 For example, in the late 19th century the position of the school superintendent increased in power and influence. The first public school superintendent began directing the Buffalo, New York, school system in 1837. By 1900 the superintendent had replaced the school principal as the most influential and highest paid figure in public elementary and secondary education.
Students are required to take such course as fundamental knowledge, moral education and social skills.
The same national curriculum chosen by authority rather than by schools in local district avoids students being limited to a narrower space of knowledge too early .If schools in different parts of the nation are permitted to decided which academic courses to offer by themselves, not all of them can work out a systematic and integral curriculum to make its student qualified to college studies. Whether the curriculum of some school is good or not depends largely on the relatively narrower view of the staff of the school, and may be influenced by local customs, culture and even the will of sponsors. The uniform curriculum designed by nation’s authority, on the contrary, is much more broad and better balanced to set up for students an even and broad primese for further studies in colleges, preventing students against bing deprived of the privilege to study of some knowledge.
By providing all children with fundamental skills and knowledge, a common core curriculum would help ensure that our children to become reasonably informed, productive members of society.
67(社会服务),
Give them an opportunity to meet new people, to get to know the society better and also to get a more intimate understanding of how local community functions.
They can build friendships and form bonds with other students. Graduated students know that it will be a life time friendship. It will last for a life time.
Subjects always revolve around commonalities and rarely on differences.
In social activities, colleges students are more concerned with how much they are alike rather than with how they are different.
Increase the sense of social responsibility of their students.
can’t find their position in society and can’t adapt themselves well to the reality. One effective way is encourage them in public-service activities when at school.
perpare the student to an independent, creative person
communal impulse |
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