Argument242=So What=小组第3次作业 by mqi07

mqi07UID: 2521740

Argument242=So What=小组第3次作业 by mqi07

mqi07UID: 2521740

242.The following appeared as an editorial in the student newspaper of
Groveton College.
"To combat the recently reported dramatic rise in cheating among college
and university students, these institutions should adopt honor codes
similar to Groveton's, which calls for students to agree not to cheat in
their academic endeavors and to notify a faculty member if they suspect
that others have cheated. Groveton's honor code replaced an old-fashioned
system in which students were closely monitored by teachers and an average
of thirty cases of cheating per year were reported. The honor code has
proven far more successful: in the first year it was in place, students
reported twenty-one cases of cheating; five years later, this figure had
dropped to fourteen. Moreover, in a recent survey conducted by the
Groveton honor council, a majority of students said that they would be
less likely to cheat with an honor code in place than without."
为解决最近上报的大学生作弊现象显著增加的问题，大学和学院应该采取和Groveton学院类似的诚信制度，该制度要求学生同意在学业中不作弊，并且当他们怀疑别人作弊的时候通知老师。Groveton的诚信制度代替了原有的学生被老师严密监视的老体制，在老体制中平均每年有30起作弊被上报。该制度被证明成功的多：在它实施的第一年，学生上报了21起作弊；五年后，这一数值下降到了14起。而且，在最近一次由Groveton诚信委员会组织的调查中，大部分学生说有了诚信制度他们更加不太可能作弊。

提纲


1。实施后的第一年和五年后这两个数据，不足以能证明制度的成功。first,作者并没有给出从实施开始这五年来平均每年的作弊次数，以及与老体制的30起的对比。很有可能只有第一年和五年后的值低于30而中间几年的却是远远大于30，使得实施后的平均值大于30.  second, 即使这五年来确实有所降低，但仅仅凭借此也是不充分的，因为作者没有给出证据说明日后的作弊次数也能保持下降的趋势。
2。 即使G的实施时成功的，也不能说G的就一定适合所有的大学。G只是个体，不能代表全体。首先，G的作弊曾多是由于老制度，但每个学校的情况不同，因此不是每个学校地制度都有问题，并且是问题制度导致这一现象增多。其次，作者没有考虑新制度的有效性，它是否能够在所有大学中推广并且有效，作者多没有交代。
3。 G的调查也不足以证明。首先，调查的范围没有说明是能够代表全体的。其次，((大部分学生的想法不具有说服力，有可能，作弊的学生就在剩下未表态的那小部分里，并且大部分不作弊的人中也没有人愿意举报。并且，))他们只说不太可能作弊，并不能就说确实能不作弊，有这种可能。

mqi07UID: 2521740

真是太对不住米丽水同学了，我的word自动纠错不能用了，还在下新版的，所以刚刚又自己仔细修改了一遍，如果还有错误的话就先别管了，我以后再修正。

字数 536

In this argument, the arguer concludes that the colleges and universities should adopt honor codes similar to Groveton's(G's), because the honor codes has proven far more sucessful. To suppport the conclusion, the author claims that students in G reported the number of cases of cheating in the first year and after five years when the measure was in place . Also , he draws the information about a survey conducted by G honor council. At first glance, the argument seems to be somewhat reasonable, however, after a further consideration in details, I cannot agree with it for the following reasons.

To begin with, the mere data-- the number of cheating cases's  in the first year and that after five years-- is insufficient to prove this measure is sucessful. Firstly, the author does not provide the average number of  cheating cases during the five years . It is entirely possible that the number of the years in this period except the first year and the last year was far higher than thirty, which makes the average number  of whole period is larger than thirty. Secondly, even though the the average number of the five years is lower than thirty, it is still unreasonable to substantiate such conclusion, for we are not supplied whether the cheating cases's number could keep an decreasing inclination in the furture.

Even if the honor codes is sucessful in G, the arguer commits a falacy of hasty generalization. He attempts to extract a general principle that such measure is effective for all the colleges and universities from a specific case--G. On  one hand , as mentioned in the argument, the reason why the number of cheating cases in G is increasing is the old-fashioned system in G, but it does not indicate that all the colleges are in the same situation, for the authour does not imply anything about this. On the other hand, the arguer does not take consideration of the effectiveness of  this mesasure in the other colleges. Perhaps the honor codes could only  be put into  use in several colleges but not most of the colleges. Or perhaps, even if such step could be put in to use , maybe it could not be effective in few colleges.

Finally, the survey conducted by G council is unrealible evidence to substantiate the claim that the honor codes is sucessful in G. First, there is no information about the range of the survery's responders,  thus we can not make sure whether the  responders  could represent the whole students of G.  Secondly, the majoriry 's words is not copelling . They only said they would be less likely to cheat with a honor code, but it does  not mean they will not cheat. Consequently, such insufficient survey is unconvnicing to support the arthor's claim.

As it stands, the arguer cannot warrant his or her claim on the basis of the scant evidence mentioned in the argument. To make it logically acceptable. the arguer must present more facts that the honor codes is  definitely  sucessful in G. Moreover, i would suspend my judgment about the credibility of the recommendation until the arguer can provide concrete evidence the measure  would be made effectively in all of the colleges. Otherwise, the arguer is simply begging the question throughout the argument.

米丽水UID: 2637300

In this argument, the arguer concludes that the colleges and universities should adopt honor codes similar to Groveton's(G's), because the honor codes has proven far more successful. To support the conclusion, the author claims that students in G reported twenty-one cases of cheating in the first year the measure was in place. Also, he draws the information about a survey conducted by G honor council. 这个是原文改写很好。At first glance, the argument seems to be somewhat reasonable, however, after a further consideration in details, I cannot agree with it for the following reasons.质疑引出原因
第一段逻辑总结，很好。

To begin with, the mere data-- the number of cheating cases in the first year and that after five years-- is insufficient to prove that this measure is successful.提出论点，数据不足以证明。 Firstly, the author does not provide the average number of cheating cases during the five years. It is entirely possible that the number of the years in this period except the first year and the last year was far higher than thirty, which makes the average number  of whole period is larger than thirty. Secondly, even though the average number of the five years is lower than thirty, it is still unreasonable to substantiate such conclusion, for we are not supplied whether the cheating cases number could keep a sharply inclination in the future.这个主要采用怀疑老体制其实没有那么多作弊者。你这也可以怀疑一下这个新honor code的不足，文中对它的定义那么长也不容忽视。

Even if the honor codes is->are successful in G, the arguer commits a mistake of hasty generalization.很好，攻击它不能以一个例子成功就推广到所有情况。 He attempts to extract a general principle that such measure is effective for all the colleges and universities from a specific case--G. On one hand, as mentioned in the argument, the reason why the number in G is increasing is the old-fashioned system in G, but it is not definite that all the colleges are in the same situation, for the author does not imply anything about this.一方面不能不考虑所有学校的情况 On the other hand, the arguer does not take consideration of the effectiveness of this measure in the other colleges.有效性也没有考虑。（我觉得不能使用所以学校就是基于是否有效说的，可不可以二者合一？） Perhaps the honor codes could only be put into use in several colleges but not most of the colleges. Or perhaps, even if such step is put in to use, but it could be effective in few colleges.我读来这段有种变化不大的感觉，说来说去就是一个学校的成功未必会推广到其他学校。你能不能具体说哪些不同导致这个推广可能不成功？这样看起来不会那么容易被架空。

Finally, the survey conducted by G council is unreliable evidence to substantiate the claim that the honor codes are successful in G.好，说到调查了，看看调查有什么不合理的吧 First, there is no information about the range of the survey, 调查的范围不清 thus we can not make sure whether the survey could represent the whole situation of G.  Secondly, the majority 's words(这个是什么意思？) is not compelling . They only said they would be less likely to cheat with a honor code, but it does not mean they will not cheat.哦你说学生的话和行为不一致（我感觉这个是不是在挑刺了？你可以从样本的代表性上考虑啊，最好不要从survey的观点挑语病，而是从survey的得来是否可靠上多挖掘） Consequently, such insufficient survey is unconvincing to support the author's claim.

As it stands, the arguer cannot warrant his or her claim on the basis of the scant evidence mentioned in the argument. To make it logically acceptable, the arguer must present more facts that the honor codes is definitely  successful in G. Moreover, I would suspend my judgment about the credibility of the recommendation until the arguer can provide concrete evidence that the measure would be made effectively in all of the colleges. 这个句子好。Otherwise, the arguer is simply begging the question throughout the argument.
最后总结好。
总体来说，mqi07对结构的把握很不错，尤其是前面和后面的句子怎么写很清楚。语法错误很少，这是很好的，省了不少改语法的精力。要是在各个具体例子的反驳上能够展开得深一些会更好。提纲做得很好，值得我借鉴。

xwloveUID: 2481588

In this argument, the arguer concludes that the colleges and universities should adopt honor codes similar to Groveton's(G's), because the honor codes has(单数还是复数？) proven far more sucessful. To suppport（support） the conclusion, the author claims that students in G reported the number of cases of cheating in the first year and after five years when the measure was in place. Also , he draws the information about a survey conducted by G honor council. At first glance, the argument seems to be somewhat reasonable, however, after a further consideration in details, I cannot agree with it for the following reasons.

To begin with, the mere data-- the number of cheating cases's  in the first year and that after five years-- is insufficient to prove this measure is sucessful. Firstly, the author does not provide the average number of  cheating cases during the five years . It is entirely possible that the number of the years in this period except the first year and the last year was far higher than thirty, which makes the average number  of whole period is larger than thirty. Secondly, even though the the average number of the five years is lower than thirty, it is still unreasonable to substantiate such conclusion, for we are not supplied（这个词用在这里恰当吗） whether the cheating cases's number could keep an（a） decreasing inclination in the furture.

Even if the honor codes is（are） sucessful in G, the arguer commits a falacy(fallacy) of hasty generalization. He attempts to extract a general principle that such measure is effective for all the colleges and universities from a specific case--G. On  one hand , as mentioned in the argument, the reason why the number of cheating cases in G is increasing is the old-fashioned system in G, but it does not indicate that all the colleges are in the same situation, for the authour does not imply anything about this. On the other hand, the arguer does not take consideration of（take into consideration） the effectiveness of  this mesasure in the other colleges. Perhaps the honor codes could only  be put into  use in several colleges but not most of the colleges. Or perhaps, even if such step could be put in to use , maybe it could not be effective in few colleges.

Finally, the survey conducted by G council is unrealible evidence to substantiate the claim that the honor codes is sucessful in G. First, there is no information about the range of the survery's responders,  thus we can not make sure whether the  responders  could represent the whole students of G.  Secondly, the majoriry 's words is not copelling . They only said they would be less likely to cheat with a honor code, but it does  not mean they will not cheat（不同于楼上的观点。我觉得可以这样论证，“说了不一定做”，是一种逻辑错误）. Consequently, such insufficient survey is unconvnicing to support the arthor's claim.

As it stands, the arguer cannot warrant his or her claim on the basis of the scant evidence mentioned in the argument. To make it logically acceptable. 标点 the arguer must present more facts that the honor codes is  definitely  sucessful in G. Moreover, i would （not？是不是） suspend my judgment about the credibility of the recommendation until the arguer can provide concrete evidence the measure  would be made effectively in all of the colleges. Otherwise, the arguer is simply begging the question throughout the argument.（结尾很经典，学习了！）

整体上看，楼主对argument已经掌握得很好了。

楼主的遣词造句实在让我佩服！

有三个值得讨论的地方是 针对楼上米丽水的意见有

1 可否反驳"说不一定做"（针对楼上米丽水的意见），我的意见是可以反驳，这个可以在队里讨论一下

2 反驳顺序是否合理？

楼主的逻辑是（1）实施后的第一年和五年后这两个数据，不足以能证明制度的成功  （2）即使G的实施时成功的，也不能说G的就一定适合所有的大学  （3）G的调查也不足以证明制度的成功

我的意见是：如果（2）（3）换一下顺序会不会更好呢？

3 最后，有不少简单单词拼写错误，我也不一一指出了。

问题是：为什么我们大家都会出现这个问题？是由于打字不习惯，还是因为用得少就忘了。你打算怎么解决这个问题呢。

可否回答我，我也为这个问题困扰。

zhenyi2000UID: 2640146

In this argument, the arguer concludes that the colleges and universities should adopt honor codes similar to Groveton's(G's), because the honor codes has proven far more sucessful. To suppport the conclusion, the author claims that students in G reported the number of cases of cheating in the first year and after five years when the measure was in place . (这句话似乎有些问题，但读来读去总改不了)Also , he draws the information about a survey conducted by G honor council. At first glance, the argument seems to be somewhat reasonable, however, after a further consideration in details, I cannot agree with it for the following reasons.

To begin with, the mere （bare）data-- the number of cheating cases's  in the first year and that after five years-- is insufficient to prove this measure is sucessful. Firstly, the author does not provide the average number of  cheating cases during the five years . It is entirely possible that the number of the years in this period except the first year and the last year was far higher than thirty, which makes the average number  of whole period is larger than thirty. （我感觉作者因该批判一种trend， the speaker 仅仅给出了first and the fifth year的数据，而没有给出其他三年的数据，如果其他三年都是随着第一年逐年降低的话就有一定的合理性，作者应该批判如果其他三年的数据都是不一样而且没有一种减低的趋势的话，the speaker 的结论就没有任何根据。但average number这种批判也行）Secondly, even though the the average number of the five years is lower than thirty, it is still unreasonable to substantiate such conclusion, for we are not supplied whether the cheating cases's number could keep an decreasing inclination in the furture.

Even if the honor codes is sucessful in G, the arguer commits a falacy of hasty generalization. He attempts to extract a general principle that such measure is effective for all the colleges and universities from a specific case--G. On  one hand , as mentioned in the argument, the reason why the number of cheating cases in G is increasing is the old-fashioned system in G,（这句话优点中文的意思 改成 the increasement of the cheating cases in G is due to the application of the old-fashioned system） but it does not indicate that all the colleges are in the same situation, for the authour does not imply anything about this. On the other hand, the arguer does not take consideration of the effectiveness of  this mesasure in the other colleges.(take something under consideration,) Perhaps the honor codes could only  be put into  use in several colleges but not most of the colleges. Or perhaps, even if such step could be put in to use (into application), maybe it could not be (may it could not be)effective in few colleges.

Finally, the survey conducted by G council is unrealible evidence (这里用的应该是个adj 而不是 evidence)to substantiate the claim that the honor codes is sucessful in G. First, there is no information about the range of the survery's responders,  thus we can not make sure whether the  responders  could represent the whole students of G.  Secondly, the majoriry 's words is not copelling . They only said they would be less likely to cheat with a honor code, but it does  not mean they will not cheat. Consequently, such insufficient survey is unconvnicing to support the arthor's claim.

As it stands, the arguer cannot warrant his or her claim on the basis of the scant evidence mentioned in the argument. To make it logically acceptable. the arguer must present more facts that the honor codes is  definitely  sucessful in G. Moreover, i would suspend my judgment about the credibility of the recommendation until the arguer can provide concrete evidence the measure  would be made effectively in all of the colleges. Otherwise, the arguer is simply begging the question throughout the argument.

总结：
1.   作者的论证没有什么问题，逻辑结构清晰。
2.   作者仍需加强语言，加油。。。。