0910G[Splendid Sun]第一次作业 BY CMGS

CMGSUID: 2599842

Argument 6
The following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe.
"A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroe's jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is 'Jazz Nightly,' which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money."
在Monroe建立爵士乐俱乐部将会是非常盈利的产业。当前，最近的爵士俱乐部也在65英里以外；因此，我们筹建的俱乐部C Note将会占有全部的本地市场。而且，爵士乐在Monroe非常流行：去年夏天10万多人参加了Monroe的爵士音乐节，若干知名爵士音乐家居住在Monroe，Monroe获评价最高的广播节目是平时每天播出的Jazz Nightly。最后，一项全国性研究表明典型的爵士爱好者每年花费近1000元用于爵士娱乐。显然C Note将会赚钱。
1.Firstly, the author claims that the great demand for a jazz club in M, but the fact that there are no jazz clubs in M and the applicant provides that the nearest jazz club was 65 miles away. If M residents really were interested in jazz club, M would have one or more such clubs.
首先，作者说65miles里面没有一家爵士俱乐部，若真像作者所宣称的那样，那么M地区应该有很多爵士俱乐部
2. Plus, the applicant provides that over 100,000 people attended M’s jazz festival last summer, it seems that might appear to support to the applicant claims. However, the applicant didn’t provide where the vast majority of festival attendees from. Maybe lots of them are out-of-town visitors.
再者，作者宣称有超过100，000的人参加M的爵士节，看似可以支撑作者所声称的，但是作者并未给出这里面大多数什么人，也许大部分是外来人口。
3.Secondly, it’s highly doubtful that the strategy extrapolated from nationwide study’s result is utterly feasible to M’s jazz fans would spend lots money in CN since the applicant may ignore the unique features, regional, characteristics of that city, rendering the argument less reliable.
第二，全国范围内的调查结果不能代表M的爵士爱好者就一定会花费相同的钱在爵士上，作者忽略了不同地区的差异性
4.Finally, even if M residents like going out to hear live jazz and they would spends lot money on jazz entertainment but we know that profit are a function of cost, revenue and competition.
最后，作者轻易得出开C note能赚钱是groundless的，因为利润是受收入和花费还有竞争等因素影响的。

CMGSUID: 2599842

Argument 16
The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper from a citizen of the state of Impecunia.
"Two years ago our neighboring state, Lucria, began a state lottery to supplement tax revenues for education and public health. Today, Lucria spends more per pupil than we do, and Lucria's public health program treats far more people than our state's program does. If we were to establish a state lottery like the one in Lucria, the profits could be used to improve our educational system and public health program. The new lottery would doubtless be successful, because a survey conducted in our capital city concludes that citizens of Impecunia already spend an average of $50 per person per year on gambling."
两年前我们相邻的州Lucria开展了州际彩票活动来增加用于教育和公共医疗的财政收入。现在，Lucria对于每个小学生的平均开支比我们多，Lucria的公共医疗体系接待的人数也比我们的多很多。如果我们也建立一套和Lucria类似的彩票系统，其盈利可以被用来改善我们的教育系统和公共医疗体系。新的彩票无疑会成功，因为在我们的首府举办的一次调查显示Impecuni的居民每人每年用于博彩的平均支出已经达到$50。
1.First of all, the author mistakely establishes a cause and effect merely beacuse L began a state lottery procedes L now spends more than I per pupil and public health.
首先，作者错误的认为因为L州发布洲际彩票从而导致L州现在能在教育和卫生系统上花费得比I州多。
2.Secondly，even if L began a state lottery and made L can spend more on education and public health system, it is highly possible that after I began a state lottery, I could have more money spend on education and public health system as L.The two states may be different in many aspects, thus a similar lottery system may not prove helpful for I.
第二，就算是发行洲际彩票使得L有更多的钱花费在教育和公共卫生系统上，但值得怀疑的是等I发行完洲际彩票后，I会不会如同L一样会有更多的钱用于教育和公共卫生系统？2个州之间太多的不同了，我们不能确定同样的彩票系统能给与I州更多的帮助。
3.Plus, the number of people treated by a health program does not necessarily indicate the quality of health care of the program and we do not know the base amount of citizens in each state, hence the fact that L's health programs treat more people than I's programs lends no support to the argument.
再者，就诊人数不能证明医疗系统的质量，同时我们也不知道2个州的基础人口量，事实上可能L的医疗系统本身就比I州的接受的患者更多，因此这些论点都不能支持作者的理由
4.Finally, the author cites a suvery result to support the assumption that I's residents like to buy lottery, the validity of the survey is doubtful.
最后，作者援引一项调查I的居民每年用于博彩的开支结果来假设I的居民喜欢买博彩，但是这个调查的可信度值得怀疑。

CMGSUID: 2599842

Argument 21
The following appeared in a memo from the new vice president of Sartorian, a company that manufactures men's clothing.
"Five years ago, at a time when we had difficulties in obtaining reliable supplies of high-quality wool fabric, we discontinued production of our deluxe alpaca overcoats. Now that we have a new fabric supplier, we should resume production. This coat should sell very well: since we have not offered an alpaca overcoat for five years and since our major competitor no longer makes an alpaca overcoat, there will be pent-up customer demand. Also, since the price of most types of clothing has risen in each of the past five years, customers should be willing to pay significantly higher prices for alpaca overcoats than they did five years ago, and our company profits will increase."
五年前，当我们在获取可靠的高质量羊毛毛料的渠道方面存在困难的时候，我们停止了高档羊毛外衣的生产。现在有了新的毛料供应商，我们应该重新开始生产。这种外衣应该卖得很好：因为我们已经五年没有供应羊毛外衣了，而且由于我们的主要竞争对手已不再生产羊毛外衣，消费者将有很迫切的需求。而且，由于过去五年中多数种类的服装价格每年都在上涨，消费者应该愿意花比五年前高的多的价格购买羊毛外衣，从而我们公司的利润将会上升。
1.First of all, The author fails to substantiate the assumption that the new fabric supplier will be a reliable supplier of alpaca, and fails to provide any information about the quality of the fabric they supply.
首先，作者没有给出任何信息指出新的毛料供应商能提供什么样质量的羊毛，因为之前停产是获取不到优质羊毛导致的，因此我们不能只是因为有了毛料供应商就开始重新生产。
2.Plus, the author assumes that their alpaca overcoats would sell well, however, the author ignores that other factors like the consumer demand would give rise to the sells result.
再者作者假设他们的高档羊毛外衣再度生产的时候能取得很好的销量，事实上作者忽略了其余可能的影响销量的因素比如消费者的需求等。这里分别对作者提供的几点证据进行反驳，比如5年衣服价格都给涨了也许就羊毛外衣跌了，客户不愿意花更多的钱买贵的羊毛衣服等
3.Finally, The author fails to consider the possible cost of resuming production. As the author provide, price of most types of clothing has risen in each of the past five years, one of the reason may be the cost in product cloth is increase. We know profit is base on cost and revenue, it is highly possible that the company profits will increase after production resumed.
最后，作者没有考虑到重新生产带来的花费。如同作者所说，过去五年之内大多数衣服的价格都涨了，也许是成本升高导致的。 我们都知道利润是基于收入和开销的，所以非常值得怀疑复产之后公司能不能获得更多的利润。

CMGSUID: 2599842

Argument 193
The Department of Education in the state of Attra recommends that high school students be assigned homework every day. Yet a recent statewide survey of high school math and science teachers calls the usefulness of daily homework into question. In the district of Sanlee, 86 percent of the teachers reported assigning homework three to five times a week, whereas in the district of Marlee, less than 25 percent of the teachers reported assigning homework three to five times a week. Yet the students in Marlee earn better grades overall and are less likely to be required to repeat a year of school than are the students in Sanlee. Therefore, all teachers in our high schools should assign homework no more than twice a week, if at all.
Attra州的教育部建议高中学生应该每天都被布置家庭作业。然而最近一项对于全州的数学和理化高中教师的调查却对每天布置家庭作业的作用提出了疑问。在Sanlee地区，86％的教师报告说他们每周布置3－5次家庭作业，而在Marlee地区，只有少于25％的教师报告说每周布置3－5次作业。而Marlee地区的学生综合成绩更好，而且比起Sanlee的学生更不容易留级。因此，我们高中的所有教师每周布置作业都不应该超过两次。
1.Firstly, the author fails to establish the causal relationship between homework frequency and students' performance.
首先作者错误的认为作业频率决定了学生的能力。
2.In addition, the author, ignoring a series of obvious differences between Sanlee and Marlee education system, it can explain the differences in their students' grades and likelihood to repeat a year of school.
再者，作者，忽略了一系列S与M地区教育系统的不同点，那些不同点能解释学生的升学率和留级率的问题。
3.Plus, the students’ grades and likelihood to repeat a year of school are not a good indication of the quality of education.
再说了，学生的升级率和留级率并不能体现出教育制度的好坏。
4.Finally,  all these conclusion mentioned by author is based on the statewide survey, it is highly doubtful that whether the survey's results reliable.
最后，所有以上的结论都是基于一个全国调查的结论，但是这些结论却疑点重重。

CMGSUID: 2599842

Issue 7
The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation written records.
数码相机可以精确，令人信服地记录当代人们的生活，作为一种记录方式，它的重要性已经超过的纸和笔的记录。
1. Everything has two sides. With technology developing, we can record our life in more and convenient ways. Using video camera or written in notepad is one of our main way to record our life. Although I agree that video camera can record of life vividly and conveniently as the author said, but real life not just pictures and videos.
任何事物都有两面性。随着科技的进步，我们可以用更多更方便的途径来记录我们的生活。使用数码相机或者是写在记事本上是我们记录生活的主要途径之一。我虽然同意作者所说的数码相机有记录上的优势，但现实生活是不仅仅是数码相机能全部记录下来的。
2. In general speaking, both two ways has its advantages, like video camera can help people record conveniently and rapidly, in other hand, record written in notebook can show people's emotion and spirit. We couldn't regard which is best?
总的上来说，这两者各有各的有点，比如数码相机能让人们方便迅速的记录，另一方面写到记事本上的记录能表现出人们的感情和精神状态。我们不能轻易的得出谁比谁更好。
3. Otherwise, people need record life in multi-type ways because life is not whole of objective facts. Life would be suffered by people's emotion, feeling and so on, and the important thing is, it makes our life become colorful and wonderful. Video camera and written like diary just record life in different vision.
另一方面来说，人们采取多种方式记录生活是因为生活并不是全由客观事实组成。生活会被人们的情绪情感等所影响，而其中一点重要的是，正是这些影响使我们的生活多姿多彩。数码相机和手写记录比如日记，只是从不同的角度记录了我们的生活。
4. At the same time, different people cognize the record of life is not similarly. Digital pictures can be easily understand by people, in another way, with low cost, written used for easy record, transmission，share and so on.
同时，不同的人对生活的感知也是不同的。数码相片能被人们方便的理解认识，另一方面，因为写作的低成本，所以它能更好的记录，传输，分享。
5. In sum...

CMGSUID: 2599842

Issue 17
There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
有两种法律：公平的和不公平的。社会中的每个人都应该遵守公平的法律，更重要的是，不遵守或者违抗不公平的法律。
Is there anything absolute fairness in the world? The answer is no.
世界上没有绝对的公正或者说是不公正的事情，公正与否取决于人们怎么去看待它
1. When thinking subjectively, laws was always unjust beacuse laws was depend on the ruling classes' interests. It will always damages to the benefits and rights of some people in our society. Otherwise, in a democratic society the chief function of laws is to strike a balance among competing interests.
从主观上来说，法律总是不公平的，因为法律是国家意志的表现，同时法律的首要功能之一也是协调社会中相互竞争利益之间的平衡，因此，法律总会对一部分人来说是不公正的，因为它损害了他们的利益。
2. In subjectively, to some extent, the laws was fairness all the time beacuse it would not change by human's spirit or tings development. No matter who you are, no matter how powerful you are, no matter how rich you have, when you have to face the laws, you just a normal resident beacuse all men are equal in the sight of law, it would not change for anyone.
客观的，从某种程度上来说，法律又总是公正的，因为它不会随着人们的看法和事物的发展而变化。无论你是谁，无论你多么的有权利，无论你多富有，当你不得不面对法律的时候，你只是一个普通的公民，因为法律面前人人平等，它不会为任何人改变。
3. For this, people couldn't define laws just or unjust, beacuse In 1,000 people's mind, there are 1,000 Hamlets , different outlook of life, values, world will suffer to people's attitude    s to the laws and become differently.
正基于此，人们不能明确的定义法律的公正与否，因为一千个人眼中有一千个哈姆雷特，不同的人生，价值，世界观将会影响人们对法律的认识从而得到不同的看法。况且，反抗和抵制法律从某种程度上来说是反抗国家的意志，也许会带来相反的后果。
4. However, not every laws is reasonable , before legislating, people should allow for the laws' influence. At the same time, a real democratic society should allow individuals to challenge laws through some ways. For doing so will help to improve the legal system of a nation.
当然，不是所有的法律都是有理的，这就要求人们在制定法律的时候考虑到它的影响。同时，一个民主社会应该给民众途径去质疑和挑战法律，通过这样，才能促进司法系统的完善于进步
5. In sum....

CMGSUID: 2599842

Issue 74
The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language.
和一大群人交流想法或者价值观的最有效方式是图像而非语言。
1. Everything has two sides. With technology developing, we can communicate an idea or value to others in more and convenient ways. Using images or language is one of our main way to communicating. Although I agree that through the use of images, people communicating become more and more effectively, but idea or value is not just include images.
任何事物都具有两面性。随着科技的进步，我们能使用更多方便的途径去与人们交流想法和价值观。虽然我同意使用图像，人们的交流变得更有效率起来，但是，想法和价值观不仅仅只是包含图像的。
2. In general speaking, both two ways has its advantages, like use images can make our ideas or value become visualized and  conveniently to share to others, in other hand, use language can show people's abstract thought and personal opinion. We couldn't regard which is the most effective?
总的来说，两者都有自己的优点，比如使用图像可以让我们的想法或者价值观变得形象和便于共享与他人起来，另一方面，使用语言却能展现出人们抽象思维以及个人简介。我们不能轻易的得出谁是最有效的。
3. Otherwise, the two ways expound people's idea or value in different point of views. It's highly possible that communicating only in a single way will make communicating easy to misunderstand and become more  complex and inefficiently.
其次，这2条途径只是从不同的角度阐述了人们的观点或者是价值观。如果只是采用一种方式交流的话容易造成误解。只采取一种方式进行交流也许会导致很容易产生误解从而使得交流变得复杂和低效率起来。
4. At the same time, different people cognize the communicating is not similarly. Images can be easily understudied and shared to others, in another way, using languages, lower cost, and make people communicating become inwardness and constitutionally.
同时，不同的人对于交流的认识也是不同的。图像能使人们很容易的理解和分享，另一方面，使用低成本的语言，可以让人们的交流变得更有深度。
5. In sum...

CMGSUID: 2599842

Issue 17
There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
有两种法律：公平的和不公平的。社会中的每个人都应该遵守公平的法律，更重要的是，不遵守或者违抗不公平的法律。
Is there anything absolute fairness in the world? The answer is no. Although, I agree that sometimes the laws was detrimental to our rights or benefits, but I disagree that we can obey or disobey laws no matter it is just or  unjust.
When thinking subjectively, laws were always unjust because laws were depend on the ruling classes' interests. It wills always damages to the benefits and rights of some people in our society. Otherwise, in a democratic society the chief function of laws is to strike a balance among competing interests. In this addition, laws' impartiality is based on our mind. For example, the O. J. Simpson murder case. In the end Simpson was acquitted in 1995 after a lengthy trial—the longest jury trial in California history. But on February 21, 2008, a Los Angeles court upheld a renewal of the civil judgment against him. If we think the first case is fairness, so the second is invaild and we should disobey it as the arguer claimed, vice versa. From this we can find that laws for the same case, have different results, we can't defined which is right or wrong. Who can proof that Simpson is innocent absolutely? I think different person would have different thought about this case.
In objectively, to some extent, the laws were fairness all the time because it would not change by human's spirit or tings development. No matter who you are, no matter how powerful you are, no matter how rich you have, when you have to face the laws, you just a normal resident because all men are equal in the sight of law, it would not change for anyone. Look back the Simpson murder case, Simpson was a famous American football star and actor, but he also had to be questioned and appeared in court. In other hand, consider the Microsoft Company, the richest and biggest software company, was investigated by USA government, EU and so on because the anti-monopoly law. According to all of this, laws were just objectively.
For this, people couldn't define laws just or unjust, because In 1,000 people's mind, there are 1,000 Hamlets, different outlook of life, values, world will suffer to people's attitudes to the laws and become differently. However, not every law and judgments is reasonable, before legislating, people should allow for the laws' influence and careful to make it. At the same time, a real democratic society should allow individuals to challenge laws through some ways. Like provide a faultless way to let people appeal. For doing this, it will be help to improve the legal system of a nation.
In sum, as one of the crucial elements of our society, laws express the general wills and can't be defined just or unjust by individuals. For keep our society with a stabilized environment for us live, work or even protecting our rights and interests, we should respect to all laws and treat the laws in a more comprehensive and rational way.