【thatll】iBT备考日志

BALLON6UID: 2576833

http://xdfduchangxu.blog.sohu.com/

thatllUID: 2538832

6.21北二外50天99分 经验+教训（2300字）


Test              Test Date            Reading   Listening    Speaking    Writing    Total
TELXML     June 21, 2009            30            26             23            20          99

本人就读于京郊的某211工科学校，一年级小硕，考研英语76，没有考过G。此次复习近两个月，成绩虽不高却也够用了。经验谈不上，教训有一些给大家分享。我的分数如上，很一般的，都没过百，但是自己当时放话上了90就一定要写篇总结，所以有了本文，对牛人可能没有什么用处，只是希望能给跟我差不多的非牛们做个参考哈。
第一部分，单项
阅读，30
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蓝Delta上只把十个Quiz和四个Test做了。蓝D的阅读太过于简单，给人以错觉。后来我做巴朗，阅读狂错，不加试错八九个，加试错十几个，我很无奈，也就无所谓了。心想反正来不及练了，就这样上吧。
可能是运气好吧，6.21的阅读很简单，我当时担心大家都做得好正态分布下来我分数会很低，也没有发生，就这样莫名其妙考了30分。, v/ M: ~! ?2 F% v5 ~8 o- x

听力，26
听力是我准备IBT期间最有收获的部分了，我把蓝Ｄ全部精听了，巴朗精听了一半多，最后是没时间了。我坚持记笔记的，练习的时候一个Section六个段子下来，A４纸密密麻麻能写两页半。在实际答题中笔记很少用的上，但像我这种人听一个段子能神游四五次，只有记笔记能使我集中精力。& t9 S  V- @3 n" y
我做蓝Ｄ的正确率还行，后面的四个Test平均能错两三个吧。但是，做巴朗就完蛋了。呵呵，又是巴朗。不加试错八九个，加试错十几个。跟阅读一样。+ P/ z4 ^! A9 W  [5 m( `+ _( d  G

在听力上我心态还行。不太去关注正确率。一套蓝D做完，就算全对，我也知道是因为题目简单，所以还是会一篇篇认真地精听。巴朗也一样，不因为题错的乌七八糟就妄自菲薄，而是更关注听力段子本身。我精听一般听五六遍吧，边听边记，写出较完整的提纲摘要。然后看一下原文，把听力盲点找出来多读一下，较难的段子还会多听几遍。1 p1 _3 B. H; U: ?

考试时的听力长度低于巴朗，语速也略慢，就是选项不好选，太模糊了。还有细节题，感觉巨难，我都是瞎做的。可能还是蒙对了几个吧，然后就得了26。

我所说的收获是，复习期间有一次去听讲座，我突然发现自己完全可以听懂老外在讲什么！当时我一下兴奋了，要知道我虽然喜欢凑这个热闹，每次学校来个老外讲座我都去蹭场子，但真的是纯属凑热闹，人家来这里都是放慢语速讲的，可以前的我还是啥也听不懂。当时蓝Ｄ才听了一半，就有这效果，我真的觉得没有白学。

口语，23
教训来了。我比较懒，不愿意自己写模板，就在网上下了什么秋姐35曼特宁43黄金80，最后三周开始看，结果发现这些模板都好做作啊，遣词造句都很生硬很刻意。背了背怎么也背不下去。（当时我以为模板都这样呢，其实后来发现有很多大牛传的模板都非常好，没有早看到，后悔啊~~~）看来想偷懒终究是不行的，然后我就借助这些模板写自己的，那时候都最后两周了，所以也没搞出多少来。就这样总共才准备了20个段子，只能覆盖口语T1机经的一半。然后准备到这里已经是考前三天了，后5题都没练呢，那个上火啊，于是说了一套蓝D，说了一套巴朗，就等死了。结果死前又不甘心，于是考前一晚上在北二外南门那个旅馆的床上，又把OG那套说了才睡的觉。' N2 p( d% p: q
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口语考试很囧的，我会把当时写的感受的链接放在下面。当时猜测自己的口语是 limited，fair，fair；但结果要比想象的好，拿了三个fair~~~! ^: W* N* x2 H0 t' s
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这就是教训，口语准备一定要赶早。别人的话自己怎么说都别扭，一定从一开始就准备自己的段子。然后我还有个问题想和大家探讨一下。为什么那么多人都在鼓吹T1、T2可以提前准备，多么重要，却少有人提到后四题？T1、T2的重要性是不是被过分强调了，甚至妖魔化了啊？对非牛而言，T1、T2准备的再好也不太容易拿Good吧。为什么不把精力往后四题倾斜一下呢？我自己最后两周一直在准备T1，可还是一上去就见了鬼了，根本不会说，瞎叨咕了几句，那么多段子全白准备了。可是后四题，虽然只练了三套，却感觉很有帮助。从个人经历角度出发，我强烈建议一视同仁的准备这六道口语题。

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作文，20, @! _( r3 x" v3 y- J
造成我四项成绩呈完美而诡异的递减关系的就是自己的劣根性。我写作文很痛苦，于是就没怎么练过，然后更加痛苦，更不练了，最后在考场上死得很惨。综合写作和独立写作真正意义上仅仅各写过两篇而已。最后一段时间只是对着185一篇一篇列提纲写理由，却不肯好好写一篇完整的。没有实战，怎么能出成绩？作文一定要练，要实战，憋着去写，写一写就通了。看过Eric一篇帖子，说托福作文就是洋八股，完全可以练出来。从我自己身边同学的例子看，只要认认真真写上20篇，上25分还是没有问题的。光看范文写提纲，结果就是像我一样眼高手低，上考场堆出两篇六级作文加长版，两个fair20分，活该。! v" i# r6 ]$ f3 K( q7 j% v

第二部分：备考资料及点评
综合：OG，蓝Delta，巴朗
词汇：张红岩词以类记
口语：各种版本模板（还是要整理出自己的段子）9 E* v% e6 c) V
作文：许轶高分作文，张红岩十天搞定TOEFL作文
OG不用说了。蓝Delta虽然简单，可是它的阅读和听力材料都非常好，当然千万别把做蓝D的正确率当回事。巴朗的材料本身也非常好，就是听力有点过于长了，不过过了这一关，考试时就会爽很多。建议可以不用整本蓝D做完再做巴朗，而是掺着来吧，互相调剂。

词以类记挺好的，就是感觉有点多。时间充裕可以背这个，时间少就用李笑来的那本也挺好，有人说那本是六级词汇加强版。
作文书许轶的最好，张红岩那本小册子也可以翻翻。至于李笑来那本185，我不知道别人是怎么看它的，我觉得是一点都不好，我很怀疑那都是些满分作文。

第三部分：时间安排
我平常每天都写日志的，考托期间也把学习时间都写进去了，所以整个复习的时间表倒是很清楚。五一以前零零散散看过点，背过单词听过听力，不过工作量都很少。五一正式开始复习的，到6.21七周多时间。复习可分为两个阶段，第一阶段，即前五周：单词39小时，阅读25小时，听力49小时，作文15小时，口语6小时，总共134小时。第二阶段，即最后两周，冲刺复习+模考+口语+作文，总共80小时。6 S- t: V* \9 q* |2 x' i  Z3 Z

前五周还是不够用功，还老有别的事耽误，还记得小齐那时候训我：“都这时候了你还去参加什么聚会，赶紧好好复习！”我们一起报名的这一堆人，他们都复习的很刻苦，只有我老找借口去干别的事，现在想来很是惭愧。小齐这周也出成绩了，希望他能有个满意的分数。

sbwd2004 发表于 2009-7-7 22:38

thatllUID: 2538832

【听力】

说说英语听力的练习-------杜昶旭2009-06-02

    在新东方讲课的6年多时间里，阅读和写作类的课程是我讲的时间最长的，很多同学也是在阅读或者写作课上认识我的。但是，几乎很少有人知道，我在应聘进入新东方讲课的时候，我的应聘科目写的是“托福听力”，只是因为当时国外部听力老师太多，而阅读老师太少，所以我才从听力老师变成了阅读老师。然而，对于听力的学习和提高，我实际上也有很多自己的思路和想法，偶尔会在托福课上简单说两句，但是不算非常系统，也不能讲得太多（否则别的老师会有意见）。课后也总有同学来问我听力该如何提高，碍于各种关系，我也只能笼统地说一点。其实在我看来，英语学习本来就不应该有听说读写这样的刻意划分 ，而作为英语老师，也应该是什么课都可以讲才对，毕竟，我们在语言的实际使用过程中是从来不会考虑到底是在听，还是在读的。
    大多数的中国同学在面对自己的听力状况时总是难以找到合适的方法去进行训练，于是，很多貌似行之有效，实际上效率低下的方法开始慢慢变得流行。比如，很多同学在一开始训练听力的时候选择听慢速VOA，想法是刚开始听速度慢的，然后再听速度快的，这样有循序渐进的过程。看起来这个方法是非常得体的，但是，大多数人在习惯了慢速VOA的节奏和语速以后，再想听正常语速的内容，比如CNN的新闻，或者大学教授的讲课，仍然需要从头开始训练。换句话说，之前使用慢速听力材料进行的训练，对于后续的提高基本没有起到什么作用。
    练习最重要的是针对性 ，我们要想在听力练习中取得比较好的效果，首先需要做的事情，就是明确自己听力的问题是什么。我们不妨把听力理解的过程分解一下：听力理解的过程首先是有一些声音信号通过耳朵传输到人大脑的某个处理模块，然后该处理模块把输入的信号和已经储存的某些声音信号进行匹配，如果匹配成功，则映射返回相应的理解结果；否则，返回“不明白”的结果。而对于返回的理解结果，又有两种可能，一种是“意思懂了”，一种是“意思不懂”。 所以，在这个过程中，我们出现“错误”的情况有两个，一是“没听清”，一是“没听懂”。
    什么是“没听清”呢？我们可以这么来做类比，一个人口齿不清地说了一段话，你听了以后很纳闷儿地说“你说啥呢？”这个时候，实际上是传导到你的大脑中的声音信号没有得到成功匹配，所以没有任何理解信息返回。因此，在英语听力中，所谓的连读、吞音、失音、失爆等现象的存在，就会造成“没听清”的现象发生。比如，有一段文字是“Please pick it up."其中，pick it up会存在连读的现象，也就是说，这三个词会在声音信号中作为一段连续信号输入，而不是输入三个独立的词。这个时候，如果你的大脑中根本没有存有pick it up连读的语音信号，就根本不可能和输入的语音信号匹配上，于是就“听不清”了。一些多读音的单词也可能造成“听不清”的情况，比如record，如果你的脑子里只记录了record作为动词的发音，即重音在后，而没有记录它作为名词的发音（重音在前），那么，大脑中同样无法匹配你所听到的语音信号。此外，语音信号中的重音、节奏都可能造成“听不清”的现象。
    对于“听不清”这种现象，其本质实际上是接受到的语音信号和大脑中存储的语音形象不匹配造成的，所以，解决这个问题的方法就是“纠正错误的听力形象”。有效地办法是做一些跟读和模仿的练习。 如果你发现你经常出现的是这种“音”的问题，那么我建议你先找一些简单的听力材料进行跟读和模仿，比如从孤立的单词开始，边听边跟读，尽量模仿朗读者的发音，甚至可以录下来进行比对，逐渐把错误的听力形象纠正。此后，你可以用托福听力这样的短对话真题进行跟读练习，尤其注意里面的各种语音变化（连读、吞音等），尽量模仿地和朗读者一致。再熟练一点，可以选择一些美剧或者电影中的对白，或者CNN中的新闻播报录音等进行跟读和模仿。对于时间比较充裕，基础相对较差的同学，还可以适当地做一点语音的跟读训练。
    需要提醒大家的是，市面上流行的“听写”是一种效率低下的方法，而且对于解决“听不清”的问题来说，效果并不明显。简单地说，作为“听写”这种行为本身，重点不是在“听”，而是在“写”，所以大家很容易走入一个误区，就是关心到底单词是不是写对了，拼写是不是正确等等，而真正对于“听力形象”的纠正，基本起不到作用。我们不妨回忆一下，小学的时候，我们做中文“听写”练习，实际上也是为了记单词和汉字书写，而不是为了练习中文听力。相反，我们倒是做了不少 “跟读”和“模仿”的练习，比如跟着妈妈说“妈妈”。

   上次说过了“没听清”的问题，同学的反应也如我所料，对于最后的一段反应比较强烈。某天早上跟笑来在健身房说起这事儿，笑来说他一般这么告诉学生：“你要是听不明白，你写个屁啊？你要是听明白了，你写个屁嘛？”我觉得很准确，可以供所有人分享。
    除了“没听清”，还有一个造成大家听力上出现问题的原因叫做“没听懂”。如果说，“没听清”属于“音”的问题，那么“没听懂”就属于“知识”和“逻辑”的问题了。具体地说，“没听懂”包含三种情况。第一种是语汇障碍，如果一个词汇、词组或习语你压根儿就不认识，即使你“听清”了它的音，你同样不会有任何反应。比如，sap这个词的音是很容易听出来的，但是如果你不知道它的含义，或者说即使放在阅读文章里你也不认识它，你也不会在听到以后得到它的意思。如果你发现自己出现了这种障碍，那么，背单词就是你需要立刻做的工作了。需要强调的是，很多同学认为听力中的词汇都比较简单，但是却忽视了这些简单的词可能会构成你并不熟悉的习语，而在交流过程中，习语往往是频繁出现并且对于语言表达起到不可忽视作用的。因此，我建议同学们可以看一看许杨老师的《托福听力习语必备》。别以为这本书只有考托福的同学才需要用，在我看来，但凡你想了解美国人日常交流中经常使用的习语，它都是一本不可多得的好教材。（许杨老师以前是新东方的资深听力老师，也是我非常尊敬的听力老师，美国文化研究专家，现在是某著名大学英语系主任。）
    “没听懂”的第二种情况是动态获取核心信息的障碍。大多数中国学生都是从“短对话”开始进行听力训练和学习的，基本上很少有人能持续地用超过5分钟的语言材料进行听力训练。这种方式造成了很多同学很难在一段话中迅速抓住要点，并且准确的理解一长段话的内容。造成这种现象的原因，一方面是因为听的人对于信息优先级缺乏正确认知，不知道什么样的内容是重要的，什么样的内容是次要的；另一方面是由于听者在获得语音信息后不能有效建立信息之间的关联，从而使得大脑中存下的是信息碎片而不是完善的思维框架。针对这种状况，我建议同学们做两件事儿。首先是找一些听力材料的文字版进行阅读训练，文章长度可以在300-500单词左右，读的时候划出文章中的关键词，并且能通过这些关键词写出文章的大意。然后再听这篇文章，关注一下这些关键词在被朗读时的重音、语调和节奏，逐渐积累起对它们的印象。第二件事儿就是可以直接听5-10 分钟左右的语音材料，比如Discovery中的一段，边听边写下关键词，然后根据关键词写出听到材料的大意，然后再对照材料，总结不对或者遗漏的关键词。
    “没听懂”的第三种情况是听能逻辑障碍。在我们的日常交流中，人和人的对话，以及人听别人讲话，都有逻辑预测现象存在的。举一个简单的例子，你的导师找到你，问你：“你最近的实验做得怎么样啊？有没有觉得很轻松呢？”你可能会想，要是我说“很轻松”，那是不是他就会说“那我再给你加点任务”；但是我说“不轻松”，那是不是他会说“你是不是不够努力”，于是，“还好吧”就变成了一个折中的回答。看看这个过程，实际上当你听到一句话的时候，你的大脑已经快速分析了很多东西，然后才会有后续的回答。那么，当我们听到一句话的时候，我们也应该能大致估计出后面可能出现的内容，这就是所谓的听能逻辑控制。很多时候，强烈的听能逻辑能让我们很轻松地判断出后续可能出现的内容，从而使得获取信息的过程变成“验证自己的想法是否正确”的过程。简单地培养听能逻辑的办法是，找一些短对话，先听一个人说一句，然后自己想可能的回答是什么，然后再听材料中的回答，看看跟自己想的是否一样，或者是否包含在自己想到的可能的回答中。短对话熟悉以后，同样的方法可以用在长对话和长的段落和文章听力练习中。
    大多数人在听力练习中过分强调了场景、句型的重要性，我个人认为是没有必要的，就像我们学习汉语一样，也从来没有先学“银行场景”，再学“上课场景”啊。所以，综合性的，有针对性的练习方法，才是提高听力能力的有效途径。

BALLON6UID: 2576833

很多经验集中。。。
很好的主意啊~
支持下

thatllUID: 2538832

【阅读+写作---Editorial, The Guardian, Tuesday 7 July 2009 】
Riots in China: Home truths（新疆的骚乱－－令人不快的事实）

The reaction of the Chinese authorities last night to the worst ethnic violence to erupt between Muslim Uighurs and Han Chinese （这里表达了在谁和谁之间爆发的暴力事件，即violence to erupt between...）in decades was to blame it on outsiders. （这里表达了某人的对什么的反应时什么，the reaction of sb to sth is...，这里还有将其归咎为局外人的表达，to blame it on outsiders）The state news agency, Xinhua, claimed the unrest in the region of Xingjiang was masterminded（幕后操纵） by the World Uighur Congress, which is run by an exiled Uighur businesswoman in the US. This was the way Beijing explained the uprising in Tibet last year,（北京对去年的西藏叛乱也是用这种方式进行解释的，这种表达我们一定要熟悉） for which they blamed the Dalai Lama. But, as in Tibet, it took only one spark to ignite the combustible material gathered over decades of ethnic tension. （只要一个火星儿就能点燃聚积了数十年的种族紧张之干柴）That spark may have been provided by the deaths of two Uighurs during a dispute between workers at a factory in Guangdong over a week ago.

The communal violence erupted as our correspondent was on the first official tour of the city given to the western media, an indication that it was as sudden as it was unexpected. （这表明该事件确是突如其来、始料不及的。这个句式很地道，前面一个句子，后面跟的就是一个名词an indication，后面加同位语从句解释说明是一个什么样的暗示，it was as suddent as it was unexpected）It is not clear how the majority of the 140 victims died, but the likeliest theory（只是表示最大的可能性） is that a peaceful demonstration turned into a bloody riot. Innocent bystanders and bus passengers were attacked with knives and clubs. The majority of victims in the local hospitals were Han Chinese, but they also included Uighurs and other minorities. This is mob violence at its worst and cannot be condoned, all the more so since many of the victims appear to have been civilians in the wrong place at the wrong time. （这是一场最严重的暴徒暴力事件，是不可饶恕的，尤其是，一些受害人似乎是在错误时间出现在错误地点的平民。）But neither can such an eruption be blamed exclusively on separatist organisations such as the East Turkestan Islamic Movement, although these too do exist.（但是，也不能把这一暴力事件的爆发只归咎于像东突厥伊斯兰运动这样的分裂组织，尽管这些组织也确实存在。）

Decades of cultural assimilation; massive immigration of Han Chinese into an oil- and gas-rich region where Muslims form the natural majority; the posters on mosques warning worshippers that they are committing a crime if they visit Mecca as individuals; the crackdown on（对...取缔） Islamic dress, beards and the intolerance of prayer in the workplace - all this fuels the resentment, which can find no expression other than through violence. To claim that unrest on this scale, capable of leaping hundreds of miles from one city to another, is the work of outsiders is to continue to deny the scale of the problem and put off the solution. （宣称此等规模的骚乱（能够从一个城市蔓延到数百英里外的另一个城市）是局外人在搞鬼，就是继续否认问题的严重性并推迟解决这些问题。）

But resolved it must be.（但是问题必须得到解决） With each passing year, the gap widens between China's putative role as a world leader (on climate change or the world economy) and its domestic self-image as a developing country (in terms of average per capita income, there are 100 richer countries). Give us time, the perennial call is heard, but China does not have it. （给我们时间，这一连续多年的呼声不绝于耳，但是，中国没有时间。）Whether it is in Tibet or Xinjiang, the Chinese authorities should start acknowledging a few home truths, for which repression is not the answer.（无论是在西藏还是在新疆，中国当局应该开始认识到几个令人不快的事实，压制不是解决问题的方法。）

注：这篇卫报的社论我觉得也不无道理，老是把问题推给outsiders，就是在继续否认问题的严重性并且推迟解决这些问题，中国当局确实应该认识到这些令人不快的事情的严重性，压制不是解决问题的方法。要是局外操纵，那么中国人也太好操纵了吧，你们共产党怎么就操纵不了一个小小的局外集团呢。这里面肯定有内部的深层次的矛盾存在。要不然一个巴掌打不响的。中国共产党，要干实事啊！

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【口语方法论】 stevenlsj789
IBT speaking一二两题.无敌备考方法

新托福口语考试得分标准：1、详细具体（空洞的形容词和花哨的句子结构不能得分）；2、词汇量和语法现象要多；3、规定时间内尽可能说快一点，多说一点，信息量大一点。
我深深知道，中国学生缺乏大量的语言环境，在仅有15至30秒的准备时间内要完美地做到以上几点是基本不可能的。那么，是不是要因为一个小小的口语考试就放弃我们在加州的阳光下散步的权利呢？当然不会！既然我们不能依赖于现场发挥，那么就通过平时准备，来大大减低现场难度要求。其核心就是——转化原则，在充分领会转化原则的基础上，创建自己的模板，以精练的短句，清楚的表达为主。
独立口语题破解（一）
新托福口语考试六大题型中的第一种是问你一个你所熟悉的人、地方、东西或者事件，你需要在回答中加入具体的例子和细节。例如：
choose a place you like and explain why you like this place.
请看看袁老师是怎么回答的：
Well, the place I enjoy the most is a small town located in France. I like this small town because it has very charming ocean view. I mean the sky there is so blue and the beach is always full of sunshine. You know how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself on the beach, when the sun is setting down, when the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing.
Of course I like this small French town also because there are many great French restaurants. They offer the best seafood in the world like lobsters and tuna fishes. The most important, I have been benefited a lot from this trip to France because I made friends with some gorgeous French girls. One of them even gave me a little watch as a souvenir of our friendship.
看出奥妙来了吗？
1、这个回答里用的全部是口语化的短句子；
2、按照正常的语速念完正好是45秒；
j3、出现了多处非常具体的细节描写（得分点）。
4、有景色描写（beach）、有人物(French girls)、有事件(make friends)，有具体事物（a watch）。为何如此设计，等一下就会讲到。
然后让我们换一个题目再看看，还是用这些内容怎么进行回答：
题目：Choose a restaurant you like and explain why you like this restaurant
参考答案：Well, the restaurant I enjoy the most is a French restaurant located on a beautiful beach. I like this small restaurant because it has very charming ocean view. I mean the sky there is so blue and the beach is always full of sunshine. You know how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself on the beach, when the sun is setting down, the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing.
Of course I like this small French restaurant also because it offers the best seafood in the world like lobsters and tuna fishes. The most important, I made friends with some gorgeous French girls in that restaurant. One of them even gave me a little watch as a souvenir of our friendship.
在新托福口语考试中，本题型能够涉及到的范围包括事件、人物、具体事物和地方。现在你是不是开始有些明白为什么袁老师的口语模板要包括人、地、事、物？然后我们再来做一些难度稍大的扩展训练，看看转化原则是怎么能够帮助我们以不变应万变。
Choose an important event/ a favorite activity and give reasons explaining why this event is important/ why this activity is your favorite. 从抽象的事物转化成具体的景色描写
Well, one very important event in my life/my favorite activity is a little trip to France. I like this trip so much because we visited a small French town. The town has very charming ocean view. I mean the sky there is so blue and the beach is always full of sunshine. You know how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself on the beach, when the sun is setting down, when the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing., v: x/ y9 A6 B7 n! N- x
Of course I like this little trip to France also because there are many great French restaurants. They offer the best seafood in the world like lobsters and tuna fishes. The most important, I have been benefited a lot from this trip to France because I made friends with some gorgeous French girls. One of them even gave me a little watch as a souvenir of our friendship.
注意一定要有两到三句转化句，也叫点题句，即在文中标注出的句子。
扩展训练：
1．             Describe one object that is of special value to you and explain why it is of special value to you. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.
2．             Choose a teacher you like and explain why you like him or her. Include specific details in your statement.
3．             Everyone has a goal to fulfill. What’s your goal and explain why you want to fulfill this goal. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.
(在看下面的参考答案之前，请自己先用转化原则处理一下上面的题目。这几个题目是袁老师精心收集的仿真题，仿真度可以达到90％以上，同学们要好好利用)
参考答案:
1.  Well, the object of special value to me is a little watch. 点题，复述原题 the watch was designed for women and one of my French girlfriends gave it to me as a souvenir of our friendship. This little watch is of very special meaning to me because it always reminds me of those days I spent in a beautiful French town located by the beach. My watch is deep blue, as blue as the charming ocean view on the beach. You know how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself on the beach, when the sun is setting down, when the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing.
The most important, I made friends with some gorgeous French girls. One of them gave me this little watch as a gift. I cherish the watch just as much as we cherish our friendship.
2．Well, the teacher I admire so much is a gorgeous French lady. She was from a beautiful French small town located by the beach. She has very charming deep blue eyes, as blue as the ocean view on the beach. I admire her so much because she is not only a teacher to me but also a very good friend. Last summer, she invited me to travel to her hometown. You know how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself on the beach, when the sun is setting down, when the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing.
Also, she brought me to some restaurants offering the best seafood such as lobsters and tuna fishes. Finally, she gave me a little watch as the souvenir of our friendship.
3. Ever since I was a kid, I had a dream to travel to France. My parents told me that there is a little French town located by the beach. It has very charming ocean view. They told me the sky there is so blue and the beach is always full of sunshine. You know how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself on the beach, when the sun is setting down, when the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing.
Of course I want to travel to this small French town also because there are many great French restaurants. They offer the best seafood in the world like lobsters and tuna fishes. The most important, there is a good chance to make friends with some gorgeous French girls.
同学们请谨记一点，袁老师提供的这个模板只是给大家一个参考思路，每个人都要根据自己的具体情况变换模板中的内容，并固定成自己的语言，在地点、事件、人物、事物四个方面多做转化练习。如果只是一味的机械照搬，只能产生一种戏剧化的结果：ETS的老头子们会惊讶的发现原来所有的中国女孩都爱美丽的法国女郎；所有的中国男孩子一辈子的梦想就是到法国乡下的小酒馆里等人送手表！

glamorouskyUID: 2459211

继续加油

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52# glamorousky
M姐，你也来点物质奖励嘛，呵呵

thatllUID: 2538832

【听力】
stevenlsj789

IBT听力满分与你分享1.（记笔记篇）!

我再11.18日的IBT 中有辛拿到了听力满分30.内心比较激动,想和大家分享点社么,无奈太多人都写过其他方面的经验,,我就不能在抄"冷饭了",SO 废话少说开始正题

记笔记的目的大家一定要清楚,不是为了一种心理安慰,(我都已经记下笔记了).我门要的是目的-让自己可以把握文章大意以及条理,ESP 文中的细节,帮助你集中注意力. 明白了目的,知道为何记笔记,才可以有效的改进记笔记的方式!
很多人不禁要问：那我们到底该记些社么，这么记呢，请听我细细道来。

我们应该着重记：

1。关键词（主要记主题和概括的细节）

2。逻辑结构  （推荐竖这写，方便！）

改掉不良习惯：

1.记笔记时不要尝试记录每一个句子或单词

2.一定避免只顾记前面而听不到后面部分(请再次明确我门的目的)

我门应该这样记：

1。我推荐用一个简单的模版Main topic+Main Idea Reasons/Details因为一般每篇听力文章重复三次这样的模式

2。少写多画，少字多意。理由很简单，写字母慢喽。

3．用自己的特殊符号，这点需要自己平时连地时候多加注意。有心的同学还可以去参考一下中高级口译的资料。

我门应该注意：

1.   版面整洁。虽然很多人都认为：无论你这么记,只要自己看得懂就行，但我还是建议大家用这种摸版。可以让你笔记看上去更有条理,更容易被自己接受。                                          

2.   认真分析听力部分的文章，你就会发现其节构和阅读文章相似，即 Main idea, support details, theme return to main idea，以及有些解题原则。我总结以下原则供大家参考。

      含义强调原则。举例原则。级别强调原则。解释原则。结论原则。对比原则。因果原则。问答原则。转折原则。开头原则。结尾原则。建议原则。人名原则。

IBT听力满分与你分享2.（提高实力篇---听写）!

老样子首先还是要明白你听写的目的，不是为了听写而听写，不是因为别人都听写，我才听写，更不是为了一种心理安慰，让自己睡的塌实点！我门的目标只有是：提高听力的实力！
听写由无数T考生实践证明为一种短期内可以大副提高听力的有效的方法。还是有不少傻友不明白什么是听写，让我从理论到实践为你慢慢道来！
1。理论篇  
听写是在具有一定英语语法，词汇的基础上进行的一种听力训练。通过调动手、笔、耳的参与，将听到的东西默写(或听写)出来，检验听的效果、加深对原文的理解、增强记忆力。这是其他方法没有办法做到的！写的过程同时也是复习、巩固的过程，能更进一步地加深对语音内容的了解，可以将在听的过程中模糊的东西彻底地搞明白。当听力文章超过一定的量，语言水平就会在不知不觉中获得提升。这是检验到底有没有真正听明白所学内容的一种有效方法。
2。实践篇（具体方法）
1、就是全段的听，不要有间断，（这样也可以训练你的耐力！）一边用笔记下关键的词，不一定要完整的，(要练习记笔记的方法，) 已经说过：记不要妨碍听，让手空出来，记下MAIN IDEA +DETAIL 关键的单词，逻辑关系。让自己对全段初步有整体的印象。  
2、再听，一句一句停顿下来精听。在前面记下内容的基础上不断的补充，直到对其主要内容差不多清楚了。但听的次数不超过4-5遍，（原因很简单，你听不懂的生词，读音现象就算听上上千遍你也不会懂的，只是在浪费时间！）
3、这一步是关键所在，如果你这步不做到位，前功尽弃！）听写完后，对照听力原文，看自己错在哪里，因为只有这样你才可以发现问题，然后再针对性的练习，提高你的弱处。如一些爆破音，连读，美音和英音的差别。有心的人可以去查那些美音的参考书籍
4．跟读＋模仿。可以帮你提高口语呀
5、最后，就是听重复听几遍，尤其是自己没听出来的，和听错的，直到最后都听出来。这样才叫到位的连听力，达到我们的目标！

后注：我之前是听从普遍都推荐的听写，然后前一篇有介绍阿杜老师的听力观点，否定了听写，但是我们要注意的我们之前推荐的听写方法为什么合适，阿杜又为什么否定听写，这两个理由是我们要关注的重点，其实我们可以发现是相同的，所以最后我们要解决的就是目的和手段的正确搭配问题，我们的听写要如何进行的问题，阿杜老师说，听写的目的是提高听力，既然这样，我们听懂了就行了，何必写呢，要是听懂了还写不出来的问题就出在我们的单词关，我们要做的工作就不是听写，而是背单词，如果没听懂，那还是写不出来的。这个说得很有道理，这也是阿杜老师推翻听写方法的理由。我们也赞同。但是如果我们的听写如果是按照这里介绍的方式来进行的话，也就是我们是整篇的听，这这个过程中训练记笔记。要是没听出来的，我们首先要通过一句一句的听来更好的去发现我们辨音问题出在哪儿。这里说了这样不超过4遍，因为没有意义。我们接下来要做的就是阿杜老师所说的我们要去搞辨音识音工作。就是跟读和模仿。
所以我觉的这里的方式是很好的解决了我前面引用的一些nice的文章的矛盾上的一个化解。

thatllUID: 2538832

【阅读-------黄金23篇第一篇】
THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANS

It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.
这一段总体是提出了land mammals和cetaceans差距到底在哪里的这个全文的论题。这个的提出过程中我们可以发现很多考点。一个是cannot disguise，一个是unlike，这两个很明显的可以成为考点。
1. In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?
○It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.
○It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.
○It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.
○It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.
我当时选C，感觉要突出land吧，但是现在感觉B也很有道理，原文说这个不能掩饰和land mammals的密切关系，也就是这些个他和land mammals有很大的区别，但是我们知道的一个事实就是他生活在水中，所以我们也直接可以说这个不能掩饰他是mammals。
我还是很挣扎，不知道选哪个。

2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like
○There were great numbers of them.
○They lived in the sea only.
○They did not leave many fossil remains.
这个就是考查哪个unlike的对比。

Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale. The fossil was officially named Pakicefus in honor of the country where the discovery was made. Pakicetus was found embedded in rocks formed from river deposits that were 52 million years old. The river that formed these deposits was actually not far from an ancient ocean known as the Tethys Sea.
这一段我感觉没有什么出题点，除了第一句，也是本段的总起句，就是一个最早的发现使得科学家能够重新建构出cetacean的最有可能的原型。

The fossil consists of a complete skull of an archaeocyte, an extinct group of ancestors of modern cetaceans. Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans. The skull is cetacean-like but its jawbones lack the enlarged space that is filled with fat or oil and used for receiving underwater sound in modern whales. Pakicetus probably detected sound through the ear opening as in land mammals. The skull also lacks a blowhole, another cetacean adaptation for diving. Other features, however, show experts that Pakicetus is a transitional form between a group of extinct flesh-eating mammals, the mesonychids, and cetaceans. It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.
这一段其实和上一段是在一起的，也就是开始介绍上面那个发现的一些具体的价值所在。这里讨论的就是skull，并且我们发现在讨论这个的时候出现两个lack，那么就有可能是考点。就是相同点中找不同，共同点中找不同。后面还有一个suggest，也可以是一个考点。
3. The word precious in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Exact
○Scarce
○Valuable
○Initial
词汇题比较简单

4. Pakicetus and modern cetaceans have similar
○Hearing structures
○Adaptations for diving
○Skull shapes
○Breeding locations
这个就是考查相同点

5. The word it in the passage refers to
○Pakicetus
○Fish
○Life
○ocean
指代词这题简单

Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicefus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.
这里拿出了第二个发现，主要是hind leg，那么就会有关于这个的一个考点，因为这里有细节描述，undoubtedly。
6. The word in exposed the passage is closest in meaning to
○Explained
○Visible
○Identified
○Located
词汇题

7. The hind leg of Basilosaurus was a significant find because it showed that Basilosaurus
○Lived later than Ambulocetus natans
○Lived at the same time as Pakicetus
○Was able to swim well
○Could not have walked on land

8. It can be inferred that Basilosaurus bred and gave birth in which of the following locations
○On land
○Both on land and at sea
○In shallow water
○In a marine environment

An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam"] lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs. The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, AmbuIocetus may have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea.
这里出现了第三个发现，这里又是一个hind leg，那说明前后有关联，这里的leg和前面的那个leg出现了对比，这个是涉及到两段之间的一个考核，上面的leg不适合在陆地上走，太tiny，这个leg有land和sea的功能。这个应该会成为出题点。
9. Why does the author use the word luckily in mentioning that the Ambulocetus natans fossil included hind legs?
○Fossil legs of early whales are a rare find.
○The legs provided important information about the evolution of cetaceans.
○The discovery allowed scientists to reconstruct a complete skeleton of the whale.
○Until that time, only the front legs of early whales had been discovered.
这一题就是考查两段之间的关系，两段的leg，呵呵，表明一种进化信息。光在一段里是看不出来的，这个我要注意

10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.
○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.
○Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales.
○By moving the rear parts of their bodies up and down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.

11. The word propulsion in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Staying afloat
○Changing direction
○Decreasing weight
○Moving forward

Paragraph 1: Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. ■How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? ■Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.■Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. ■In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale.
12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. This is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages. Where would the sentence best fit?
13-14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceanswhales, porpoises, and dolphins.
● ● ● Answer Choices
1. Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show the link between land mammals and cetaceans.
2. The discovery of Ambulocetus natans pro-vided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and at sea.
3. The skeleton of Basilosaurusw as found in what had been the Tethys Sea, an area rich in fossil evidence.
4. Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found.
5. Fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whales were found.
6. Ambulocetus' hind legs were used for propulsion in the water.

1. Fluke: the two parts that constitute the large triangular tail of a whale
2. "Blowhole: a hole in the top of the head used for breathing

这篇阅读我感觉比较简单，稍微麻烦一点的就是第一题和第9题

thatllUID: 2538832

【阅读+写作】
How to Escape Mundanity
In this interview, Pamela Slim explains how to escape the mundanity of corporate cubicle life. Pam is a business coach and writer who helps frustrated employees do just that. Her blog, Escape from Cubicle Nation, is one of the top career and marketing blogs.  Her expertise in personal and business change was developed through many years consulting inside corporations such as Cisco Systems, Hewlett-Packard, and Charles Schwab. Her new book is Escape from Cubicle Nation: From Corporate Prisoner to Thriving Entrepreneur.
我们应该知道mundane：
1 : of, relating to, or characteristic of the world
2 : characterized by the practical, transitory, and ordinary  : COMMONPLACE  *the mundane concerns of day-to-day life*
就是我们通常背的现世的，世俗的，那这里我们可以发现他确切的意思应该是和世界有关的，或者是平常的。那么mundanity到底什么意思呢？那就是worldliness，也就是The quality of being worldly; a predominant passion for obtaining the good things of this life; covetousness; addictedness to gain and temporal enjoyments; worldly-mindedness. 用中文来概括的话，我们不妨译为索然无味。


Question: How do you know when it is time to quit your day job?
Answer: There is no perfect formula to ensure that you are 100% ready to quit your job and start a business—if I could figure it out, I would be rich!  But there are a few critical things you need to take into consideration in making the decision.  First, you have to have a really clear, realistic picture of your financial life and understand the specific risks you are willing to take.  For some people, this is a defined（注定的） pile of cash to burn through, for others it is a period of time you set aside to see if your business will work.  Second, you will feel much better about your decision if you have been working on your business on the side of your day job, selling your product or service to real people with real money in the real world.  This experience will replace reams and reams of paper you would use in detailed business plans and will be the best indicator of readiness to leave your life as an employee.

Question: But isn’t it crazy to start a business in this economy?
Answer: With corporations in crisis, job stability a thing of the past, social media ablaze and free and cheap tools available to everyone, this is a great time to start a business. 这里一个with伴随着四个名词，corporation，job stability, social media, free and cheap tools，而修饰这四个名词的后置定语我们要关注，第一个是介词短语，第二个是名词词组，第三个是形容词，第四个是形容词。这样的修饰方式我们要学会。Depending on your financial situation and how far along you are with your business idea, if you find a need in the market that you can serve well, this is an excellent time to run ahead of the pack（领跑于他人）.  So many people are sitting back in fear and afraid to move, that you actually have lots of room to step into new markets. Let me phrase it another way.  In the unfortunate case that you get laid off, do you think you would be more happy having started a business on the side or having spent your energy desperately clinging to your job?

Question: How do you decide which business to start?
Answer: Business ideas are a dime a dozen（多到不值钱）.  From my perspective, which is firmly rooted in the idea that the purpose of a business is to allow you to live the kind of life that makes you happy, healthy, wise, and wealthy—or at least well-fed, a good business idea has four components.  First, it is rooted in something you are passionate about and which energizes you.  Entrepreneurship is too darn（就是damn，也就是他妈地的意思） hard to manufacture enthusiasm.  Second, you have the skill and competence to make it happen—or at least a really great contact list（联系名单） of smart and enthusiastic friends to help you figure it out.  Third, you need to do enough business planning to know whom you are trying to serve, and how you are going to make money. Finally, you want a business model that you have the resources to support and that delivers（带来） the life you want to live.

Question: What is the very first step that I should take?
Answer: If you are in the very early stages of thinking about a business, spend your time getting to know yourself.  One of the best things I learned from author Jim Collins is to study yourself as if you were a scientist observing a bug. Pay very close attention to the things that either make you feel great or feel crappy.  Note the kind of environment, work, people, topics, industries, schedule, and activities that make you thrive.  When you start your business with this awareness, you will feel natural energy and clarity which will make all the next steps of the process like choosing a business idea, figuring out the money, planning your business, identifying your customers, and creating a marketing process a lot easier.

Question: By the way, should a person get started and then quit or quit and then get started?
Answer: Knowing that your livelihood（生计） is at stake, I feel much more comfortable when people get started and then quit rather than quit and then get started.  The process of creating your first product or service and getting paying customers is often much different than you imagine and can require more time, resources, and support than anticipated in your planning stage.  I do have a few clients who were in such time-sucking and stressful（耗时和压力大） jobs that they decided to save up a lot of money and then quit so that they could have the time and energy to devote full-time to the business. Also, there is nothing more motivating for getting new business than an impending mortgage payment. Whichever path you choose, make sure you know how much time or money you have to burn and have a few options open for generating income if your business takes longer to get off the ground than anticipated.

Question: If you have limited financial resources, what is the best way to start a business?
Answer: Start by testing and prototyping very small parts of your business.  You don’t have to set up a huge infrastructure or print shiny brochures or to buy new equipment.  Be ruthless about getting as much information and coaching as you can for free. People are very generous with good content, and you can learn tons by reading smart blogs and attending free teleclasses or seminars.  With limited resources, you may want to stay away from businesses that have high operating costs and stick with a web-based model that you can get started for very little money.

Question: Do you have to have a PowerPoint pitch?
Answer: If you have five hours a week to work on your business outside of your day job, save your PowerPoint skills for the office.  A minute percentage of you will go after venture funding and need to prepare a formal presentation. The more you get in front of real customers and tell a compelling story in few words about how you can solve their problems, the less you will need PowerPoint as a crutch.（这里的crutch拐杖很好的解释了上面的pitch，就是投石问路的意思） The only caveat to this advice is if you are so used to putting together ideas with PowerPoint that it is the fastest way for you to organize ideas or make plans.  Whatever you do, don’t bombard poor, innocent people in the real world with corporate jargon. You just may find your paradigm is shifted right out the door.

Question: Do you have to have a business plan?
Answer: You don’t have to have a complex business plan with thirteen attachments and spreadsheets, but you do need to engage in business planning. Know the kinds of problems you are trying to solve, and what value solving them would bring to your customers. Get clear on resources needed to bring your business to life.  Start by guessing how many widgets you plan to sell, so at least you have a good laugh the next month when you look at actual sales.  But as business planning guru Tim Berry told me about projections, they are only guesses for a month.  After that, you have real data to compare.  So move quickly, test often, fail fast, and discuss and document your assumptions.  If you keep everything in your head, you will limit your creativity, and in the long run limit your growth.

Question: What is the fastest way to build buzz（口碑） about a company?
Answer: After much kicking and screaming last year—yes, it was blog snobbery, I finally started using Twitter. And I am now convinced it is the absolute quickest way to get to know your customers, build relationships with partners and mentors, and get the word out about what you are doing.  Of course it cannot be your only marketing strategy, since people hunger for more than 140 character bites of you, but if you aren’t on Twitter, you are missing great opportunities, plain and simple.

Question: What if（如果发生什么该怎么办） your spouse doesn’t support your entrepreneurial dreams?
Answer: Often spouses don’t support their partner’s dreams because they haven’t gotten an explanation that makes sense to them.  You may spend all your time thinking about your business, evaluating the market, and developing your products or services, but your spouse doesn’t see inside your head and understand the reasoning behind your decisions.  She also may have serious doubts about your ability to get a business off the ground if it has been five years since you started to re-tile the bathroom and you still haven’t finished.  So demonstrate in big and small ways that you can follow through with plans, listen with openness and without judgment to concerns raised, and make a plan that feels like a reasonable amount of risk to both of you.  When you go into business, your whole family goes in with you. So be sensitive to concerns.

Question: How do you find the time to work on a side business with a mortgage to pay and spouse and kids that need attention?
Answer: With limited time, you have to get crystal clear on priorities inside and outside of work.  Take an inventory of all your work activities, and pare down（精简） to the core tasks that you must complete to do your job well.  Evaluate how you spend your time outside of work.  Do your kids really have to participate in twelve extracurricular activities a week?  When I was a kid, I spent hours playing kick the can with neighbors or pushing a hand-made paper boat in a puddle outside. I had a great childhood and have done just fine as an adult. When you are running on a very lean and efficient schedule and have a manageable list of weekly tasks for your business, you will make progress. It is better to take small steps every day—like writing one paragraph of your book or crafting a handful of code—rather than waiting for a huge block of time to open up because this will never happen.（每天小步前进更好——像每天写你的书的一小段，或者编一段编码，而不是等着一大块时间才开始，因为可能永远没这样的机会。）

Question: What is the most common mistake the “escapees” make?
Answer: The most common mistake is thinking that they have to get all their plans absolutely perfect before launching. I have listened to people explain why they spent two months crafting an introductory email to a potential client. Perfectionism will cripple your business and thwart your plans faster than anything.  Get used to pushing things out that feel not quite ready and then be completely responsive to fix them as you go. There will never be a perfect product, service, market or economy, so the most passionate, enthusiastic and responsive entrepreneur will win.（最普遍的错误是觉得在开始之前必须把他们的计划做到绝对完美。我曾听过人们解释他们为什么花两个月修改一封介绍电邮给潜在客户。完美主义将妨碍你的业务，并让你的计划更快地比其他事物相形见绌。要习惯在事物还不那么完备的情况下推动它们，然后用灵敏的反应在行进中修正它们。永远不会有完美的产品、服务、市场或经济，所以最有热情和动力和反应最灵敏的企业家将胜利。）

daney68UID: 2582640

对了，楼主，你是怎么分析economist的文章的，大概的要求和方法还有思路是什么呢？

daney68UID: 2582640

接着楼上没问完的，怎么将这样的分析和写作结合起来，提高写作呢？

thatllUID: 2538832

58# daney68
主要是用来积累知识和学习语言，句法和表达方式。
很多句子你看着就感觉很地道。你把它翻译成中文后，然后再按照你自己的方式来用英语表达，你看看她好在哪里，然后加以学习，这样子有意思的学习，我觉得你积累多了在写作文的时候是很有帮助的。

asn_12UID: 2583270

太佩服楼主了，效率真高，工作量真大，方法真好