issue 157 [concerto小组第三次作业]--by心过有痕

心过有痕UID: 2640823

157:"There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires."

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相近题目：241，  96，  110，  139，  91，  181.

241."An individual's greatness cannot be judged objectively by his or her contemporaries; the most objective evaluators of a person's greatness are people who belong to a later time."

96."Although, critics who write about the arts tend to deny the existence of any objective standards for evaluating works of art, they have a responsibility to establish standards by which works of art can be judged."

110."When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers."

139."Every new generation needs to redefine 'right' and 'wrong' in its own terms and according to the conditions of its own time."

91."Most people think that their deeply held values are the result of rational choice, but reason often has little to do with the way people form values."

181."The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with in their academic fields is more a matter of personality than of training. Different interpretations come about when people with different personalities look at exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things."

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157（主要观点：客观主观密不可分）
Understanding and changing the objective world are the two eternal things which humankind is doing from old through now. In this course, accurate observation is the first crucial step to understand the world. Observation includes objective observation and subjective observation. Objective observation makes people absorb new knowledge which constantly develops cognition level of people so that people can extend their knowable scope and realize the authentic face of world further, and subjective observation make people gain important information which is guided by observer's expectations, desires, interests and so forth is useful to change the world according to people's subjective thoughts. In sum, observation requires not only objective but also subjective. So, people can not only use objective observation, neither subjective observation.

Objective observation depicts objective characters of various aspects of existence. By the characters, it can draw a vivid picture of existence which has nothing to do with observer's expectations or desires. When people see a table, they will observe it that it is made of wood, 150cm high, put in the middle of the room, and so on regardless of observer likes it or not. Even though different people observe a same thing, they gain a same result. For instance, an American girl who likes flowers and a Chinese boy who dislikes flowers see a red flower at the same time, neither of them will say "It is yellow." From this, we conclude that objective observation exists.

And through the course of observation, people also use subjective observation. Subjective observation is the observation under people's expectation or desires. It doesn't mean people can revise the objective characters of the objects. It means people can emphasize or ignore some characters according to their value system. But the selective characters are also the objective characters. To a same thing, different people can have different value judgements. For example. To a common table, a artist may think it is the best material to reflect his thoughts, while a girl may think it is the right place to put her bag. Both the artist and the girl are right. The different uses of the table all reflect its objective characters. The diverse consequences are decided by their diverse value orientation which is thought useful to the observer. But valuable subjective observation is bases on accurate objective observation. Without accurate objective observation, subjective observation will have no practical values.

When observing an object, people can not say that they only use objective or subjective observation. The two kinds of observation are going along simultaneously. Subjective observation is dependent on objective observation. Without objective observation, subjective observation may lose its root. Objective observation is also dependent on subjective observation. Without Subjective observation, objective observation may only have theoretical value and eventually can not turn into something useful to our lives.

家家☆yoonjaeUID: 2646910

痕痕，加油哈，给你SF支持下~ UP UP~ Fighting~

心过有痕UID: 2640823

:loveliness: 谢谢美女，我还没写呢，就给我+U来了，太好了！！么么 2# 家家☆yoonjae

derekklUID: 2654334

囧。。。

心过有痕UID: 2640823

囧。。。
derekkl 发表于 2009-6-27 11:09

咋来个奥特曼，还看AW:O

missingusaUID: 2625832

再来个小兔,也看AW

心过有痕UID: 2640823

天啊天啊，都来了