【天天来听写】TOEFL 集结号 暑期集中突破小组 天天来听写

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7.4
因为有同学要TTC 的MP3 今天就传上来
没有文本
大家可以听写了 发上来 讨论

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7.5日听写文稿 全选可见

A business plan, in the words of the Small Business Administration in Washington, is a tool with 3 basic purposes. As a communication tool, it can show possible investors how well you have considered your ideas. As a management tool, it can list goals and ways to measure progress. And as a planning tool, it can help guide a business around problems.
For people starting a new business, the biggest problems commonly involve financing. Entrepreneurs often seek venture capital. This is money from wealthy individuals or investment companies for the purpose of building new businesses.

Each year, entrepreneurs with ideas for the "next big thing" flood venture capitalists with business plans. But John Mullins of the London Business School, writing in the Wall Street Journal, says most business plans are never even fully read.

A good business plan, he says, must define a problem that the new business will solve. Many plans fail to show how a product or service meets a need. Also, business plans often assume it will be easy to gain a share of a large or fast-growing market.




参考译文：
美国中小企业管理局（SBA）认为，商业计划是一种具有有3种基本含义的工具。商业计划是种信息工具，它能向潜在投资者展示你所提出的想法有多好；商业计划是种管理工具，它能列出多个目标和衡量进展的方法；商业计划是种计划工具，它能有助于指导企业解决问题。
对新创业者而言，最大的问题通常来自筹资。企业家经常寻找风险资本，这种资本来自一些富有的个人或者来自一些目的在于建立新企业投资公司。

每年，有着“下一个大事物”想法的企业家携带商业计划纷纷寻访风险投资人。但伦敦商学院的《华尔街日报》撰稿人约翰.马林斯指出，大部分商业计划其实从来没有被完整的阅读过。

他表示一个好的商业计划必须详细说明新企业将解决的问题。未能指出其产品或服务如何去满足需要。还有就是，商业计划经常假设：人们可以很容易地得到一份很大或成长快速的市场。

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7.6  听写文稿 全选可见
Professor Mullins advises entrepreneurs to do market tests so they have real numbers to support their claims. And he says honesty about possible problems with the plan is important. Successful businesses often change plans as conditions change. Business students spend hours and hours learning how to write a business plan. But even a good one has its limits.
A new study suggests that venture capitalists rarely consider the business plan when deciding whether to invest in a new company.

David Kirsch is an associate professor at the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland. He and others examined more than 700 requests made to an American venture capital firm. He says he was startled to find that planning documents have such little influence.

Professor Kirsch tells us that venture capitalists instead talk to people who know the entrepreneur. They talk to business experts, lawyers and other knowledgeable people. The study appeared in the May issue of Strategic Management Journal.

David Kirsch considers business plans a good way to organize an entrepreneur's ideas. But, in his words, "A smart entrepreneur should spend his time developing the business rather than the business plan."



参考译文：
Mullins教授建议各企业家要做市场调查，这样就会有支持他们理论的真实数据。另外，他还说，诚实地计划中可能存有的问题非常重要。成功的企业通常根据情况的变化而修改计划。商科学生花费了大量的时间来学习如何撰写商业计划。但是，即使一个很好的商业计划还是有其限制。
一项新研究表示，风险投资人在决定是否对一家新公司投资时是很少考虑商业计划的。

David Kirsch是马里兰大学罗伯特H. 史密斯商学院的副教授，他和其他人向一家美国风险投资公司发出了700多份申请，并对其进行了研究分析。他说，他惊奇地发现，计划文件的影响非常小。

Kirsch教授告诉我们，风险投资人不与认识的企业家们交流，而是与商业专家、律师以及其他有识之士交流。该研究发表于5月份的《战略管理杂志》。

David Kirsch认为，商业计划是个让企业家构思理念好方法。但用他的话来说：“中小企业家应该将他们的时间花在开展业务上，而不是商业计划。”

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5# 奔跑蜗牛
A business plan, in the words of the Small Business Administration in Washington, is a tool with 3 basic purposes. As a communication tool, it can show possible（我听着像possibly） investors how well you have considered your ideas. As a management tool, it can list goals and ways to measure progress（缺乏这个词的辨音能力，没对上）. And as a planning tool, it can help guide a business around problems.
For people starting a new business, the biggest problems commonly involve financing. Entrepreneurs（这个词是完全没有辨音能力） often seek venture capital. This is money from wealthy individuals or investment companies for the purpose of building new businesses. * Y( w+ l2 \1 ^
Each year, entrepreneurs with ideas for the "next big thing" flood venture capitalists with business plans. But John Mullins of the London Business School, writing in the Wall Street Journal, says most business plans are never even fully read. / a' X! b& U- g/ g, m6 L, Z3 a: i
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A good business plan, he says, must define a problem that the new business will solve. Many plans fail to show how a product or service meets a need. Also, business plans often assume it will be easy to gain a share of a large or fast-growing market.   U" E* c. Z2 }2 q; ~) s

建议蜗牛弄正常版的voa，感觉这个sp voa简单了点。

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7.6常速VOA

Immigrants are an important part of the labor market in richer nations，making up about 10% of the labor force and taking jobs native workers cannot or do not want to fill. But a new study finds the economic downturn means hard times for these immigrants, as unemployment rises and governments increasingly favor native workers.
Released Tuesday by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the report also predicts the crisis will lead to a drop in immigration in OECD countries for the first time since the 1980s.
Thomas Liebig is an economist at the OECD. "In most OECD countries, migrant unemployment is rising much more rapidly than among native populations. And there're a number of reasons for that. Migrants are more often represented in sectors such as construction, hotel and gastronomy and also manufacturing which are more cyclical. They're much more hit by the downturn in these sectors."
Liebig says migrant workers also tend to hold part-time jobs that demand unskilled labor, which again makes them more vulnerable.
参考译文：
移民在富裕国家劳动力市场中是个重要的组成部分，约占劳动力的10%，他们从事的工作是当地工人无法做或不愿做的工作。但一项新研究发现，随着失业率的增加，政府逐渐地更加照顾本地工人，经济低迷对这些移民来说也意味艰难，
经合组织周二发表的报告也预测，经济危机将使得移民到经合组织国家的人数出现自20世纪80年代以来的首次下滑。
Thomas Liebig是经合组织的一名经济学家。“在经合组织的大多数国家里，失业人数和本地人口相比上升更快。另外，这其中还有很多原因。移民通常都在建筑业、旅馆、餐饮业和制造业等周期性行业工作。在这些行业工作的移民更容易受到经济低迷的冲击。”
Liebig说，移民劳工也习惯做些兼职类的工作，这些工作不需要很多技术，这也使得他们更容易受到影响。

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7.7常速VOA 文本全选可见
Migrants working in the 30 OECD nations come from all over the world.In the case of the United States, many hail from Latin America. In Western Europe, they come from Africa and Eastern Europe.

Just a few years ago, they were a critical factor in the economic booms witnessed in Spain, Ireland and Britain. And the money they sent back to their families in the form of remittances was also important to the economies of developing nations.

By contrast, almost one-in-10 immigrants working in Spain was unemployed during the first quarter of this year, for example, almost twice the unemployment rate of local workers. Immigrants also face discrimination in their host countries, many of which are tightening their immigration policies.

But Liebig says that does not necessarily mean these migrants are going home. "We still have the crisis in origin countries. So financial incentive might not be sufficient to incite migrants to go back into that situation where they face even poorer labor market conditions in origin countries."

The OECD is urging governments not to slam the door on migrants and to adopt fairer immigration policies because they will need foreign labor in the future when the economy picks up.

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10# 奔跑蜗牛
Migrants working in the 30（听成city） OECD nations come from all over the world.In the case of the United States, many hail from（没听出来，这个词也不熟） Latin America. In Western Europe, they come from Africa and Eastern Europe.
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Just a few years ago, they were（这个应该是was吧，虽然听起来像were） a critical factor in the economic booms witnessed in Spain（这里首先witness不熟，spain也没听出来）, Ireland and Britain. And the money they sent back to their families in the form of remittances was also（我听成了 without so，并且真的很像，因为was also连读） important to the economies of developing nations.9 K& d; M9 }1 H
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By contrast, almost one-in-10 immigrants working in Spain was unemployed during the first quarter of this year, for example, almost twice（没反应过来） the unemployment rate of local workers. Immigrants also face discrimination in their host countries, many of which are tightening their immigration（tighten不熟没听出来，their immigration有连读有弱读很难听） policies.$ v0 o4 ~$ E+ N" v5 n* |" u+ z) T
But Liebig says that does not necessarily mean these migrants are going home. "We still have the crisis （这里好像还有一词，貌似often）in origin（没听出来，他读成orgin的这种感觉） countries. So financial incentive（和前面的financial有连读） might not be sufficient to incite（比较模糊） migrants to go back into that situation where they face even poorer labor market conditions in origin（这个地方太快，实在听不出来） countries."* a6 Y1 v2 \$ G) J' H& t; u
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The OECD is urging governments not to slam the door on migrants and to adopt fairer immigration policies because they will need foreign labor in the future when the economy picks up.

词汇学习：
hail from：Come from, originate from, as in He hails from Oklahoma. This term originally referred to the port from which a ship had sailed. [Mid-1800s]
slam：To shut with force and loud noise: slammed the door.

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