triter seven

wk4aUID：2616910

136"The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."

170"The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."

50.From a draft textbook manuscript submitted to a publisher.
"As Earth was being formed out of the collision of space rocks, the heat from those collisions and from the increasing gravitational energy of the planet made the entire planet molten, even the surface. Any water present would have evaporated and gone off into space. As the planet approached its current size, however, its gravitation became strong enough to hold gases and water vapor around it as an atmosphere. Because comets are largely ice made up of frozen water and gases, a comet striking Earth then would have vaporized. The resulting water vapor would have been retained in the atmosphere, eventually falling as rain on the cooled and solidified surface of Earth. Therefore, the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets."
当地球在太空岩石的撞击作用下形成的时候，撞击产生的热量和行星越来越大的重力能量使整个行星融化，甚至包括表面。当时存在的任何水分都会蒸发并消失在太空。然而，当行星接近现在的大小的时候，它的重力强到了足以保持其周围的气体和水蒸气来形成大气层。由于彗星主要是由冻结的水和气体组成的冰，撞击地球的彗星将会蒸发。产生的水蒸气将被留在大气层，最终以降雨的形式落在地球已冷却而且坚硬的表面。因此，地球海洋的水分一定是来自彗星。

不废话，加油！希望一天能完成。
尤其乐乐要多写点，段落话语太少了。

emily_feifeiUID：2626151

TOPIC: ARGUMENT50
WORDS: 488          TIME: 00:30:00          DATE: 2009-7-26 22:52:30（很早写了~）
Grounding on the Earth's gravity would grasp gases and water around it as an atmosphere, supposing that comets which consist of large percent of water and gases would vaporize during its collision into the Earth; the author concludes that oceans in the Earth must have originated from comets. Being seemingly persuasive, the statement is untenable under further consideration for its logical flaws.

First and foremost, the arguer is too willy-nilly to wipe out the possibility that water which already forms the atmosphere would not return to the surface of the Earth. It is common sense that rain occurs when there is enough water, gravitation, and certain dust. It is very likely that when the gravitation became so large that the atmosphere was unable to hold some of the existing water. As a result, rains dropped on the cooled and solidified surface of Earth, which can be ascribed to some origination of water resources on the Earth. Without providing enough evidence to prove that the water in the ancient atmosphere had no outlets, the arguer should not cast out the possibility that the water on the Earth may come from the water on it before.

In addition, the publisher does not offer us any evidence about the time when comets strike the Earth. It is very possible that comets collided to the Earth when the atmosphere had not formed. In this sense, like the space rocks, the ice preserved in the comets went through a similar process: evaporated and went off into space and finally only a few water vapor was able to stay around the Earth as atmosphere when the gravitation became greater. Even if some comets strike the Earth when the Earth had been cooled and solidified, there is likelihood that most ice of the few comets have evaporated in space before it entered the atmosphere because of high heat during the friction. If so, the author could not draw the conclusion too hasty that water in the Earth is originated from comets.

To make one final point, the publisher overlooks other factors that could from the water in Earth. For instance, water under the surface may contributed to formation of the water of the surface on Earth. This type of water was formed when the earth was born. As the Earth's crust compresses, like earthquake, the underground water can be pushed into the surface and then stayed to form the ocean. Failing to see such perspective, the author makes his statement unconvincing.

Taking into account what has been discussed above the arguer fails to persuade me that oceans in Earth are originated from comets. To bolster his conclusion, the author should provide enough evidence that the early water in the atmosphere has no outlets including forming the rains; moreover, he should cast the possibility that comets collided into Earth before the atmosphere was form and also no other type of water could form the oceans.

wk4aUID：2616910

刚才趴桌子上睡了一觉，啊，落后了，现在开始写。

emily_feifeiUID：2626151

TOPIC: ISSUE136 - "The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."
WORDS: 510（大悲剧！写不下去了~大家提提意见）          TIME: 01:02:02          DATE: 2009-8-5 10:16:31

Facing reproach, we always tend to find excuses for ourselves. "We have no choice." We comfort ourselves. Whereas, in most circumstance, we have more than one choice in reality; sometimes there even exist too many choices which can even make people lose their ability of judge.

Admittedly, human beings are still tiny and powerless encountering with nature. From this angle, human beings should obey the order of nature; as a result we have no choices indeed. We cannot choose when we come to the world; we cannot deny getting old; we cannot live without diseases; we cannot refuse to die. Also under natural catastrophes, human beings are still helpless: earthquake could take thousands of lives; twisters could leave countless homeless; volcano eruption could destroy all the culture of a region.

Fortunately, such situations rarely happen. In our daily lives, people are still facing more than one choice. It is our complex emotions that impede us to make other decisions. Born with love, joy, jealousy, lust, fear, and rage, we always want to better our lives. How many times can we hear such complains such as "My boss makes me work till midnight. I just have to do this!" or "I have to leave him although I love him. I should not go against my parents." Further considering these so-called "no choice" situation, we discover that they actually can choose other ways. The poor employee can still go back home and accompany his friends. The lady could still go with her lover. But they fail to do so because of their desire deeply inside. The former one dreams so much of a decent life that he fears to be fired. The latter one may love her parents so much that she could not leave with their vote. We tend to make a seemingly right decision for the reason that we want a better life, including more money or love from parents. As a result, we let go a cozy lifestyle or our lover. So stop that “Sorry, I do not want this but I have to do this.” or” I have no choice.” Nobody forces us to make the choice in essence. It is ourselves who choose our way to live in the first place.

Additionally, we sometimes are given too many choices. In our spare time, we could study, surf on the Internet, go shopping, or even sleep all day. Even when we are hunting for jobs, we could still choose from Company A, B, C and so forth. These dazzling selections can also make us frustrated. After meditation, we finally make our final choice and forgo others. But many would regret their own choice latter. "If I had..." we often say so. Sadly, just as time cannot go back, these hypotheses cannot be set up again; what can we do is to accept our original choice, and stand firmly for our conviction.

Taking into account what has been discussed above there barely exists circumstance that is absent of choice. It is our complex emotions that narrow our own choices.

emily_feifeiUID：2626151

全是短句子~~想撞墙！

wk4aUID：2616910

TOPIC: ARGUMENT50 - From a draft textbook manuscript submitted to a publisher.

"As Earth was being formed out of the collision of space rocks, the heat from those collisions and from the increasing gravitational energy of the planet made the entire planet molten, even the surface. Any water present would have evaporated and gone off into space. As the planet approached its current size, however, its gravitation became strong enough to hold gases and water vapor around it as an atmosphere. Because comets are largely ice made up of frozen water and gases, a comet striking Earth then would have vaporized. The resulting water vapor would have been retained in the atmosphere, eventually falling as rain on the cooled and solidified surface of Earth. Therefore, the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets."
WORDS: 418          TIME: 01:00:00          DATE: 2009-8-5 10:41:18

The argument represents the origin of the water in Earth' oceans well. By assuming a molten status of the planet at the beginning with the afterwards accumulation of space rocks, the arguer suggests that the water on earth are all brought by comets. However, the arguer's reasoning progress is actually illogical.

The major premise that the earth contains no water is substantiated though sounds logical. The earth might be formed out of the collision of space rocks and the heat from those collisions and from the increasing gravitational energy of the planet might also contribute the entire planet molten, but that is not necessarily connected with the incapability of earth to stop water from going off to space. However light, the earth has its gravity which may still serves to hold water. No grounded evidence is offered to prove that during the formation of earth, no water is maintained by earth, thus it is not credible to prove all the water are from later coming comets.

The arguer also unnecessarily broadens the influence of comet, if there is any. Made up with ice of frozen water and gases, comet may have contributed some water to the earth. But the size of oceans is so large that numerous comets are needed if the ocean's water source is absolutely depending on them. However, the arguer fails to demonstrate that from the beginning of its formation, earth does have received so many comets. In this case, the water on earth may a result of the formation of the original elements from earth itself. Unless the arguer provides evidence of the collisions of comets and the quantity is huge enough, other possibilities can be eliminated.

Even if the water on earth is brought by comets, the reasoning that the surface of earth is cooled and solidified by rain which is formed by vaporized comets is questionable in that the arguer fails to introduce the whether condition at that time. For vaporized water, if it is to successfully form a rain, certain factors like temperature condition and air pressure are indispensable. Also, the Earth may have long been cooled before rain falls. Thus the surface condition nor the formation of oceans do not have to be contributed by rain fall.

Overall, the reasoning behind the formation of oceans on Earth can be various. Though all the water may be actually from comet, stronger evidences like the condition of the beginning of Earth and the amount of comets that have stroke earth are needed.

wk4aUID：2616910

TOPIC: ARGUMENT50
WORDS: 488          TIME: 00:30:00          DATE: 2009-7-26 22:52:30（很早写了~）羡慕你的限时效率
Grounding on the Earth's gravity would grasp gases and water around it as an atmosphere, supposing that comets which consist of large percent of water and gases would vaporize during its collision into the Earth; the author concludes that oceans in the Earth must have originated from comets. Being seemingly persuasive, the statement is untenable under further consideration for its logical flaws.
华丽丽的啊。不过后面那个consideration for its logical flaws不妥。知道是flaws了就不用consider了，换成process好些。

First and foremost, the arguer is too willy-nilly to wipe out the possibility that water which already forms the atmosphere would not return to the surface of the Earth. It is common sense that rain occurs when there is enough water, gravitation, and certain dust. It is very likely that when the gravitation became so large that the atmosphere was unable to hold some of the existing water.其实我也想这么写，但是不知道是不是触犯了无背景原则，或许写缺少气候条件上面的比较稳妥。 As a result, rains dropped on the cooled and solidified surface of Earth, which can be ascribed to some origination of water resources on the Earth. Without providing enough evidence to prove that the water in the ancient atmosphere had no outlets, the arguer should not cast out the possibility that the water on the Earth may come from the water on it before.逻辑有问题，地球的水的来源应该是在彗星和自身中选择，而不是雨和自身中选择。

In addition, the publisher does not offer us any evidence about the time when comets strike the Earth. It is very possible that comets collided to the Earth when the atmosphere had not formed. In this sense, like the space rocks, the ice preserved in the comets went through a similar process: evaporated and went off into space and finally only a few water vapor was able to stay around the Earth as atmosphere when the gravitation became greater. Even if some comets strike the Earth when the Earth had been cooled and solidified, there is likelihood that most ice of the few comets have evaporated in space before it entered the atmosphere because of high heat during the friction. If so, the author could not draw the conclusion too hasty that water in the Earth is originated from comets.

To make one final point, the publisher overlooks other factors that could from the water in Earth. For instance, water under the surface may contributed to formation of the water of the surface on Earth. This type of water was formed when the earth was born. As the Earth's crust compresses, like earthquake, the underground water can be pushed into the surface and then stayed to form the ocean. Failing to see such perspective, the author makes his statement unconvincing.
surface的水也不是凭空来的吧？木有说到根本。
Taking into account what has been discussed above the arguer fails to persuade me that oceans in Earth are originated from comets. To bolster his conclusion, the author should provide enough evidence that the early water in the atmosphere has no outlets including forming the rains; moreover, he should cast the possibility that comets collided into Earth before the atmosphere was form and also no other type of water could form the oceans.

emily_feifeiUID：2626151

7# wk4a

the arguer should not cast out the possibility that the water on the Earth may come from the water on it before.逻辑有问题，地球的水的来源应该是在彗星和自身中选择，而不是雨和自身中选择。

题目的意思是地球的水都是彗星来的，我想说不只是彗星，可能是在形成大气层后大气层里的水也会到地球上。

surface的水也不是凭空来的吧？木有说到根本。

under surface里的水应该是地球形成过程中来的，我应该这么交代下。

emily_feifeiUID：2626151

重温了1个小时obama的演讲~辞藻那个华丽啊~

lele77521UID：2672123

TOPIC: ARGUMENT50 - From a draft textbook manuscript submitted to a publisher.

"As Earth was being formed out of the collision of space rocks, the heat from those collisions and from the increasing gravitational energy of the planet made the entire planet molten, even the surface. Any water present would have evaporated and gone off into space. As the planet approached its current size, however, its gravitation became strong enough to hold gases and water vapor around it as an atmosphere. Because comets are largely ice made up of frozen water and gases, a comet striking Earth then would have vaporized. The resulting water vapor would have been retained in the atmosphere, eventually falling as rain on the cooled and solidified surface of Earth. Therefore, the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets."
WORDS: 418          TIME: 01:00:00          DATE: 2009-8-5 10:41:18

The argument represents the origin of the water in Earth' oceans well. By assuming a molten status of the planet at the beginning with the afterwards accumulation of space rocks, the arguer suggests that the water on earth are all brought by comets. However, the arguer's reasoning progress is actually illogical.

The major premise that the earth contains no water is substantiated though sounds logical. The earth might be formed out of the collision of space rocks and the heat from those collisions and from the increasing gravitational energy of the planet might also contribute the entire planet molten, but that is not necessarily connected with the incapability of earth to stop water from going off to space. However light, the earth has its gravity which may still serves to hold water. No grounded evidence is offered to prove that during the formation of earth, no water is maintained by earth, thus it is not credible to prove all the water are from later coming comets.

The arguer also unnecessarily broadens the influence of comet, if there is any. Made up with ice of frozen water and gases, comet may have contributed some water to the earth. But the size of oceans is so large that numerous comets are needed if the ocean's water source is absolutely depending on them. However, the arguer fails to demonstrate that from the beginning of its formation, earth does have received so many comets. In this case, the water on earth may a result of the formation of the original elements from earth itself.上段不是已经讨论过地球上本上就存在水了， Unless the arguer provides evidence of the collisions of comets and the quantity is huge enough, other possibilities can be eliminated.第三段是第二段的顺接，第二段已经说过地球可能本身就有水，第三段就没有必要再说了这句话（红线部分），应该是在第二段假设成立的基础上讨论。这样就会使文章紧凑一些。

Even if the water on earth is brought by comets, the reasoning that the surface of earth is cooled and solidified by rain which is formed by vaporized comets is questionable in that the arguer fails to introduce the whether condition at that time. For vaporized water, if it is to successfully form a rain, certain factors like temperature condition and air pressure are indispensable. Also, the Earth may have long been cooled before rain falls. Thus the surface condition nor the formation of oceans do not have to be contributed by rain fall. 可以攻击不是下雨的形式可以是下雪或者别的方式，说地球上的说不是通过下雨形成有点跑题了，本题是讨论海洋水是不是来自彗星。

Overall, the reasoning behind the formation of oceans on Earth can be various. Though all the water may be actually from comet, stronger evidences like the condition of the beginning of Earth and the amount of comets that have stroke earth are needed.

lele77521UID：2672123

This arguer draws a conclusion that the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets. To support this view point, the author points out that the comets are made up of frozen water and gases, which would eventually fall on the surface of the Earth because of Earth has enough strong gravitation to hold the water. The author also tells us the basic principle about how was the gravitation of the Earth generated. It seems reasonable at first glance, in fact, it is flawed in several critical respects.

In the first place, the author makes dubious assumption that the comets strike the Earth in history. But there is no evidence to support its assumption. If the comets never have stroke the Earth, the water in Earth’s ocean is impossible from the ocean. So, The author must offers some evidence to show that the comets really collide Earth ever before, otherwise, the author cannot confidently draw any general conclusions that the water in Earth’ ocean is from comets.

Even assuming that the comets have stroke (时态怎麽用)the Earth in history. The author tells us that the gravitation of the Earth was strong enough to hold gases and water vapor from the comets, but it requires that the time of the strong gravitation formed must ahead of its collision. If the comets strike the Earth when the Earth has not enough strong gravitation to hold the vapor, the water may go off into space. Without providing any information about the time when comets collide the Earth, the argument cannot indicate that the water eventually fall on the Earth.

Even if the two assumptions above mentioned have no false, the conclusion that the water in Earth's oceans must some from comets' vapor is too hasty. It is entirely possible that the water source is from some other planet. In short, without out considering the other possibilities that may produce water, the author cannot convince me that the ocean water is must from comets.

In sum, as it stands the argument is wholly unpersuasive. To bolster it the author must show the time when the Earth has the strong gravity and when the comets strike it. It would be also better to investigate the other sources of the Earth’s water.

emily_feifeiUID：2626151

11# lele77521

This arguer draws a conclusion that the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets. To support this view point, the author points out that the comets are made up of frozen water and gases, which would eventually fall on the surface of the Earth because of Earth has enough strong gravitation to hold the water. The author also tells us the basic principle about how was the gravitation of the Earth generated. It seems reasonable at first glance, in fact, it is flawed in several critical respects.（这开头段的句型会不会太单一点，三个the author）

In the first place, the author makes dubious assumption that the comets strike the Earth in history. But there is no evidence to support its assumption. If the comets never have stroke the Earth, the water in Earth’s ocean is impossible from the ocean???. So, The author must offers some evidence to show that the comets really collide Earth ever before, otherwise, the author cannot confidently draw any general conclusions that the water in Earth’ ocean is from comets.

Even assuming that the comets have stroke (时态怎麽用)(直接用stoke吧~不要have了，个人意见~)the Earth in history. The author tells us that the gravitation of the Earth was strong enough to hold gases and water vapor from the comets, but it requires that the time of the strong gravitation formed must ahead of its collision.知道你意思，但是怪不通顺的。 If the comets strike the Earth when the Earth has not enough strong gravitation to hold the vapor, the water may go off into space. Without providing any information about the time when comets collide the Earth, the argument cannot indicate that the water eventually fall on the Earth.

Even if the two assumptions above mentioned have no false, the conclusion that the water in Earth's oceans must some from comets' vapor is too hasty. It is entirely possible that the water source is from some other planet. In short, without out considering the other possibilities that may produce water, the author cannot convince me that the ocean water is must from comets.

In sum, as it stands the argument is wholly unpersuasive. To bolster it the author must show the time when the Earth has the strong gravity and when the comets strike it. It would be also better to investigate the other sources of the Earth’s water.

说说我的点吧，
1. 原来就在大气层里的水会不会又回到地球上？
2. 彗星撞地球的时期（这个你提了），会不会在地球未成形时就撞了？
3. 彗星在太空中摩擦过程中，会不会已经失去了大量的水？
4. 地球上水的其他来源形式，如地下水。

wk4aUID：2616910

TOPIC: ISSUE136 - "The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."

"I don’t have a choice." That is what we often heard as people explaining or complaining. While we sometimes feel lost when make decisions about a journey routine or employment, simply because being afraid of missing a better choice since there are so many possibilities. Actually, the number of agreeable choices we have is not constant; it declines as our desire heightens.

Most time in people's daily life, choices are so much abundant with the highly development of the materialized society. Walking into a supermarket, endless shelves filled the space. To buy some food, customers can even be confused by countless canned foodstuffs. Plenty of tastes styles from peppery hot to original, and ingredients from flour to fresh meat dazzle the eyes. There so many of them that people finally either choice according to their shopping habits or causally take one rather than comparing them one by one. Customers are quite sure that all of them are of little differences. Also, when people are buying books, choices are flooding towards them since most popular books have several editions and in different languages. It is often that people finally choose the better printed one rather than a better edition for there are too many to make a content comparison. Facing more than enough choices, people may sometimes wonder why discontent remains when they choose.

The choice is no choice-we will find this truth out when real crucial choices are to be made even after meticulous consideration and comparison. The best choice seems never occurred. When a couple are choosing a new house as their sweet home, they may unfortunately have to take a long time to work from home if chose the house near the marvelous lake, or they need to tolerate the noise if live in a house close to the city. Even when they at last locate an ideal house with incredible scene and convenient traffic, the price is a problem. The more we care, the more we think about, and the more we miss. That is how we usually feel when the choice has to be made correctly.

Actually, consisted of mental process of judging merits of multiple options, choice-making can never be one hundred percent satisfying for the reason that it is too hard for people to persuade themselves to make a balanced choice. The illusion that there is always a better choice is connected with people's unconscious greedy. Even offered hundreds of perfect choices, as long as they are different, people would hesitate, not for which to choose, but for how to combine all of them as one and then to make a choice. Just like an old Chinese fable goes, it is easy for a person to loose an apple as he or she tries to pick up sesame.

Though the saying that "the most suitable is the best" sounds sweet, the inner desire overwhelms. Fortunately, it is this embarrassing character to push people into endless creation and contribution to the whole society. In this aspect, we made a good choice.

emily_feifeiUID：2626151

13# wk4a

TOPIC: ISSUE136 - "The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."
"I don’t have a choice." That is what we often heard as people explaining or complaining.怎么跟我说的这么像。 While we sometimes feel lost when make decisions about a journey routine or employment, simply because being afraid of missing a better choice since there are so many possibilities. Actually, the number of agreeable choices we have is not constant; it declines as our desire heightens.所见略同。

Most time in people's daily life, choices are so much abundant with the highly development of the materialized society. Walking into a supermarket, endless shelves filled the space. To buy some food, customers can even be confused by countless canned foodstuffs. Plenty of tastes styles from peppery hot to original, and ingredients from flour to fresh meat dazzle the eyes.生动啊 There so many of them这前半句有点别扭 that people finally either choice according to their shopping habits or causally take one rather than comparing them one by one. Customers are quite sure that all of them are of little differences. Also, when people are buying books, choices are flooding towards them since most popular books have several editions and in different languages. It is often that people finally choose the better printed one rather than a better edition for there are too many to make a content comparison. Facing more than enough choices, people may sometimes wonder why discontent remains when they choose.

The choice is no choice不像人话啊-we will find this truth out when real crucial choices are to be made even after meticulous consideration and comparison. The best choice seems never occurred. When a couple are choosing a new house as their sweet home, they may unfortunately have to take a long time to work from home if chose the house near the marvelous lake, or they need to tolerate the noise if live in a house close to the city. Even when they at last locate an ideal house with incredible scene and convenient traffic, the price is a problem. The more we care, the more we think about, and the more we miss. That is how we usually feel when the choice has to be made correctly.

Actually, consisted of mental process of judging merits of multiple options, choice-making can never be one hundred percent satisfying for the reason that it is too hard for people to persuade themselves to make a balanced choice. The illusion that there is always a better choice is connected with people's unconscious greedy.很赞同！ Even offered hundreds of perfect choices, as long as they are different, people would hesitate, not for which to choose, but for how to combine all of them as one and then to make a choice. Just like an old Chinese fable goes, it is easy for a person to loose an apple as he or she tries to pick up sesame.

Though the saying that "the most suitable is the best" sounds sweet, the inner desire overwhelms还是所见略同. Fortunately, it is this embarrassing character to push people into endless creation and contribution to the whole society. In this aspect, we made a good choice.
你结尾总是很好~我写到结尾时都没体了~

大体上我挑不出啥毛病~因为观点太像~

lele77521UID：2672123

我争取写完啊，今天教室里好多人都看完了，人越来越少了。