【kaleidoscope】第六次作业 ARGUMENT53 by vina1114

vina1114UID: 2559135

TOPIC: ARGUMENT53 - Thirteen years ago, researchers studied a group of 25 infants who showed signs of mild distress when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli such as an unusual odor or a tape recording of an unknown voice. They discovered that these infants were more likely than other infants to have been conceived in early autumn, a time when their mothers' production of melatonin-a hormone known to affect some brain functions-would naturally increase in response to decreased daylight. In a follow-up study conducted earlier this year, more than half of these children-now teenagers-who had shown signs of distress identified themselves as shy. Clearly, increased levels of melatonin before birth cause shyness during infancy and this shyness continues into later life.

In this argument, the author states that a group 25 infants who were a little nervous when they meet some strange stimuli were more likely than other infants to have been conceived in the autumn ,in which their mothers’ production of melatonin increase by the decreased daylight . Then the author claims that the reason for the shyness during the infancy and this shyness continues into later life is the increased levels of melatonin before birth. This argument is based on problematic reasoning and it should therefore be rejected.

The first problem with this argument is that there is no evidence proving that the 25 shy infants have been conceived in the autumn. It is just an assumption made by the author without sufficient information to support that the shy infants have more opportunities to have been conceived in the autumn. We cannot deny that the infants may were born in the other seasons except autumn.

Secondly, even if the infants have been conceived in the autumn, the infants may not be influenced by the melatonin which is a kind of hormone known to have effect on the some brain functions. Perhaps the affect of the melatonin on the some brain function may not cause the infants to be shy; instead it could make infants to be brisk and naughty. And perhaps the melatonin may not make an impact on the infants but on the brain functions of their mother. Without ruling out these possibilities, the author’s conclusion that shyness of the infants is due to the melatonin is arguable.

Thirdly, the author claims that the teenagers who have grown up from the infants in the research indentified themselves as shy according to the follow up study conducted earlier this year. And the author unfairly assumes that the teenagers are shy because the shyness of their infancy continues to their later life. There many factors influencing the character formation during a person’s growing, such as the family and the education which he/she receives. In addition, the teenagers indentified themselves as shy, which is not amount to that they are shy in other people’s eyes. Maybe they are so lively and brisk in most time and just be shy in some special conditions. So I cannot accept the author’s conclusion.

In sum, the author has done nothing more than state an opinion without sufficient evidence that can support the opinion. The author should provide more clear information to bolster his/her recommendation; otherwise his/her argument is unwarranted and unconvincing.

azoiUID: 2636348

占楼~

网兜妮妮UID: 2612538

我的作业待批~
谢谢~
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-995159-1-1.html
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-995145-1-1.html

azoiUID: 2636348

1# vina1114

Issue 136
The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very ,very rare.

The speaker asserts that it is very rare circumstance that the choice is absent. I do not agree with the opinion in/to some degree.
Indeed, we continue to make choices from we are children to adult. Choice is around us. However, we often face some problems that we are seem to have no choice and had to do something. We do not lacking choice , but we are also easy to find the absence of choice in our society.

Now, in modern society, there so many choices we have. We can choose to eat MacDonald’s or KFC when we are hunger. For our business, we can choose partner to cooperate with or whether to sign a new contract to develop a field. After graduation you can make a choice to go work in which company or go further education. So many facts tell us truth that choice exists in every aspect of our life .then you can ask that why I say that it is often to see the absence of choice in life. Let me explain my view.

Do you have had the experience that you suddenly have no idea to buy what when you enter into a mall just because the too many commodities selling in the mall enable you do not know which one you really need?
That is what I want to say –too many choices often make us unable to choose. That is a kind of the absence of choice（这话很经典，但是老外未必看得懂）. For example, when you have determination to go restaurant for dinner, you find a lot kinds of restaurants offering various delicious foods in the street or the mall. It seems that you have an amount of choices, but actually you will not make any choice and be still hungry at last. It is a common problem everyone may suffer in daily life that could leave you a feeling that you are lack of choices in the end.

The objective conditions is also an important factor which decide us whether we have opportunity to choose. In most time, we have no choice because of the objective condition we are in. the environment and condition of growing varies from people to people. In the Chinese western countries, most children leave school because they can not afford the tuition. Do they have a choice when they are asked to leave school? Do they can choose to continue to receiving education or stay home to help their families do farm work? They have nothing to do with the decision made by their parents and have to leave school without any choice. And now in most family, the pressure and expert ion/exception from the parents leave no choice for the children. They have to go to learn something they are not interested in such as piano and dancing just in order to meet the requirement from their parents. They do not have choice to deny going to the different classes or learn something they are really interested in.

In conclusion, it is unfair to say that the absence of the choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare. We cannot ignore many situations where we have no choice. Nevertheless, life still offers many choices for us .and we should take careful attitude when we need to make a choice. Remember that even a small choice may have a great effect on your life.

总体不错，希望在论述选择过多时更详细点，就更好了