0706G － CSMY作文互改小组-第6次作业

meichengyuUID: 2121098

84. "In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field."
在任何物质领域中，如果不首先接受该领域中过去成就的影响就不可能会有意义重大的成。

态度：肯定

提纲：
1．的确，由古至今任何时候的任何领域的研究成果都对以后的发展产生重大的影响。尤其是在科学领域，例如数学，化学…

2．很多人会讲爱因斯坦的相对论是自创的，牛顿的定律是苹果的功劳，等等他们的成就并没有受到前人的影响。表面上看似乎很有道理，但是我们深入研究就不难发现，影响是分为2种的：正面和负面。有的科学成果给予后来的研究起到正面作用，也就是可以直接引用，支持。然而有些科学成果并不完善，甚至是与真理背道而驰的，它们对后来的研究会有反作用，等待着以后学者的推翻。

3．我们不难想象，当某个领域的发展延续其前辈们的研究时，相对与从新开始这个领域的研究，它的起点就比较高了。而且前者比后者要节省很多时间和投资，更容易取得重大的成就


The speaker suggests that it is impossible to achieve great success without any help of the past researches within this field in any area of endeavor. In my point of view, I am inclined to support the author’s idea which can be substantiated by the following discussion.

To begin with, undoubtedly, if we cast a look back to the history of human society, the development pattern of science in any area was striking similar. As the traditional culture, the researches and achievement in every field were handed down from generation to generation and improved by the future people step by step. Take some areas in science research as examples. Chemistry, which has a centuries-old history and is widely used in every corner over the world, could never have such perfect theory system without past forerunners’ experience from countless experiments in every times. As we know, today’s dynamites used either in army or exploitation is all rooted from the discovery of Nobel in 1866. Besides, in the medicine world, by summarizing the records of medicine before and collecting new information about the herbal medicine through tryout by himself, Li Shizhen compiled a famous Chinese traditional herbal medicine canon “The Detailed Outline of Herbal Medicine” that made great influence in the future medicine research and utilization. Such persuasive examples were not limited in our memory. Thus, all of them illustrate the main point of mine.

In addition, many people may hold the opinion that Einstein created the theory of relativity by himself, the inspiration of Newton’s law of gravity was totally from the apple, etc. that all of these achievement were without the help of the past scientists. It seems to be plausible, but, if we dig them deeper, it is easy to find that such instances are not exception like they said above. First, Einstein just create the view of the theory, but everything including the exemplifications, the illustrations, the equations and even the letters used in his composing are derived form the past. In other words, Einstein he could not complete such great achievement without the knowledge before. If you gainsay that to be my caviling, the next analysis would be absolutely convincing. Second, obviously, the apple was not the key point of the discovery of gravity law and neither Newton’s alone work. From the earliest describing of gravity by Aristotle to the famous trial in Pizza tower by Galileo, all of them gave the cues and experience to Newton in probing the law of gravity. From above, whether the influence is little or huge, direct or indirect, any contribution should get help from it.

All in all, we could be comfortable to arrive to the conclusion that only through standing in the past giants’ shoulders could make us get more achievement as the author’s major opinion.

meichengyuUID: 2121098

搞错了！！！

写了84！！！

我说怎么题目不对了~~！

赶紧补~~~~~~~~

meichengyuUID: 2121098

TOPIC: ISSUE87 - "In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."
WORDS: 438          TIME: 0:45:00          DATE: 2007-1-23

The speaker said that in any field of investigation, the expert is less likely than the beginner to make important discoveries. However, in my point of view, it depends. In some aspects, the beginner has more advantages, but in other aspects, the expert is more superiority. The reasons supporting my point will be listed as follows.

To begin with, as we know, in many areas especially the pure science such as medicine, chemistry and physics, the most great discoveries are made by experts who have strong basic knowledge, affluent experience and, most important, the sensitive of new things in their areas. For instance, Watson and Crick, who found the double-helix model of DNA in the last century, achieved the shocking success in medical field with their strong background of chemistry, physiology and the clear target of their research. Besides, the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, the discovery of periodic table of elements by Mendeleyev, the discovery of the theory of relativity by Einstein, are all typical examples. We hardly listening such things happening on the rookies in science, because the smell of the important findings should be formed by abundant experience and years of accumulation of knowledge. Thus, in findings of science, expert probably is more apt to succeed.

However, if cast a look back to the history of human society, it is easy to notice that almost every invention was made by some beginners or even outsiders who were not expert. When you drive a Benz 600 on the street and enjoy your trip, can you imagine that this band of earliest car in the world is invented by ordinary person who was neither an engineer nor a physicist? The similar examples are countless, such as the Wright brothers, the inventor of airplane, Edison, the owner of thousands of inventions including the light we use today, etc. All of those exemplifications lead to a conjunct conclusion, discoveries of inventions especially the new things in daily life are always created by the young people who are filled with ensuiasm, specific ideas and energy to change the world but those experts who are used to their living styles and almost think in the same way, do the same thing everyday. So, in the inventing world of every area, young force is predominant and takes a more important role than the expert.

All in all, from what I discussed above, we could be comfortable to arrive at the conclusion that in some fields like the pure science the expert is more likely to make important discoveries, but in some fields like inventions which need creativity the beginner has more advantage than the expert in achievement.