issue88 【永不言弃小组】第三次作业，好慢，加油啊！

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Issue 88
Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics

Outline
1，科技的影响是深远和综合的，它影响到我们生活的各个方面。但是社会传统并不是科技的单值函数，它还受到其他因素的影响。

2，以女性参加工作为例，分析技术的影响，一方面，科技进步使很多的工作对性别的要求变得不重要了，这就是妇女有机会走出家门，出去工作。另一方面，同样是科技进步，美国和日本的职业女性的比例就大不相同，日本的传统男权文化氛围更加深厚，所以，日本的职业女性数量上就远远小于美国。同时，女性能过出去工作，还与家庭结构的改变，现代社会生存竞争更加激烈等其他因素有关。现代家庭往往人数较少，可以把女性从家务中解放出来，而竞争的激烈使得只男性工作很难养活一家老小了。


3，历史传统，地理环境都对这些有很重要的影响，以中国和英国为例，中国的儒家思想影响了中国的传统，使中国人显得比较保守，谦逊，而英国则在世界上树立了英国绅士的典型形象。而两国的地理环境也有不同，中国三面环陆地，发展了以农耕文明为主题的华夏文明，并传承至今，英国四面环海，对水有着不能割舍的情感。美国是一个移民国家，所以美国社会传统中对各种文化就有很强的包容性，这种精神在法国德国这些欧洲传统国家中就很不明显了。

4，有一些是不会改变的，人类最根本的的道德价值是不变的，善良，诚实，勤劳这些人类共通的价值取向是不会随着技术的改变而改变的。

5，总之，技术深远的影响了社会传统和道德规范，但并不能说决定了，决定性的因素很多。

I tend to agree that technologies deeply influence social customs and ethics, howevevr, they are not the only factors. Social customs and ethics are the things which are not determined by one or two factors but synthesizing many factors.

During last century, especially after Industrial Revolution, more and more women went out home and took part in working. For one hand, technology progress made the gender less important which gave women opportunities to find jobs. For the other hand, the ratio of professional women were large different in the US and Japan as the two countries were both demonstrated Industrial Revolution. Japan is a traditional country and Japanese men have more authoritative than those American men. Japanese thought women should stay in home and just do housework and thus the numbers of professional Japanese women were less than American ones. Moreover, this phenomenon was connected with other factors. Family structure changed; there were less population per family on average, which set women free from heavy housework. Sometimes, only one person working cannot afford the whole family. All this factors influence the customs and ethics.

History, tradition, geography, location even the government's advocacy can influence social customs and ethics. Compared China with Britain, Confucianism form Chinese common character-modesty, conservation and hardworking, while the gentlemanlike Britishers are famous in the world. For vast territory, agriculture is important in China traditional culture just as fish culture in Britain. America has many immigrants from all over the world, so America social customs and ethics are more comprehensive. Most people in the world can find their ways living in the US. This is not obvious in those traditional European countries.

Some virtues are never changed, such as honesty, goodness, hardworking. These virtues are human beings' ultimate ethics. In some degree, with the development of the technologies, these virtues are emphasized. The customs which represent the very people's character always continue for many years and are not easily changed by technologies. When the lovers married, there would be always a wedding, this tradition come of religion instead of science, and I am sure this tradition would be come down day after day.

In sum, technologies influence social customs and ethics in deed, however, they are not the determined factors, the custom and ethics are influenced by many factors, if someone affirm customs and ethics are determined only by technologies, the most reasonable explanation is that he or she does not understand the related between technologies and social customs and ethics.  

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