issue104 有拍毕回

udoUID: 2114276

104.It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.

观点：反对。一个文明通过多种渠道来保存它所倾向于的观点，否定它不认同的观点。其中媒体和法律才是主要的渠道。
1．        教育使人具备思辩的能力，不会轻易的接受现成的观点。此处作小让步，人们年轻的时候的教育会影响价值观。
2．        媒体的影响力是无与伦比的。以见义勇为的宣传为例。尽管学校的老师们反复告诫孩子们遇事不要鲁莽，但是媒体宣传在孩子们心中种下的英雄梦使很多孩子在“见义勇为”的时候受到了不应该受的伤害。
3．        法律是社会生活中的根本导向。就连教育方针的制订，教科书的内容也要依法而定，因此法律在本问题上的影响力是远高于教育的。

The speaker believed that formal education is the main means to perpetuate or discredit certain ideas. In the following analysis, I would like to reason and provide evidence to refute this viewpoint. In my opinion, it is mass media and law that play the most important role in orienting the culture.

In the first place, it is the purpose of formal education to help the educatees become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who are impossible to accept any idea without hesitation and examination. It is also hard for them to abandon any idea they believe simply by hearing some agitative speech. It has been proved that every new trend of thought came from the universities where people have the will and intelligence to challenge the former ideas. Education impels students to clarify their own values and seek a more unprejudiced viewpoint. Admittedly, There is no doubt that the young students in elementary school and high school need principles and basic but necessary characters which will influence their future judgments, since they are not sophisticated enough. As a result, formal education is the basic factor not the primary one in culture trends.

In the second place, mass media, whose influence is incomparable, is an important approach to spread and discredit certain ideas. Modern people cannot live without newspapers and television, which exert a subtle and in-depth impact on them. For instance, the Chinese newspaper used to eulogize the heroes who fought with gangsters, meanwhile some teachers were afraid that this kind of propaganda would mislead the children do some thing stupid and be hurt, since children’s brain was easily washed. Although the teacher cautioned against the children over and over again, their dreams of being a hero never stopped, which caused many children injured and even be killed. Therefore, the influence of mass media is far beyond our imagination.

Finally, laws, as forces carried out by governments clearly inform people what they could do and what they must not do on a societal level. Any act of resistance and disobey would be regarded as rebellion against the authority and society. Then it provides a fundamental criterion for people’s behavior we follow every day. Everything, including the content of textbook, must be drawn according the laws that are the principle of our social life.

To sum up, education might play a basic role in the culture transmitting progress, but it is the mass media and the laws that play the primary role in perpetuating and discrediting certain ideas of culture.

zhaopj207UID: 2109006

我觉得你perpetuate 和discredit在文章中体现的不好（三个主题段落，比如laws  inform people what they could do and what they must not do on a societal level后面加上一句which overwhelmingly cast the cultural ideas on people's minds），开头和结尾提到了， “orienting the culture”和culture 借助education发生作用这种感觉不太符合吧，感觉动作的主客体不太对。

As a result, formal education is the basic factor not the primary one in culture trends.
有点不通顺的说。

resistance and disobey  resistance and disobedience
没细看，随便一说

[ Last edited by zhaopj207 on 2005-7-9 at 11:04 ]

udoUID: 2114276

to蝴蝶结：我们共同努力！毕竟不可能一次成功的！吸取教训吧，我会把这篇issue好好改的。

sharonhyUID: 2102195

The speaker believed that formal education is the main means to perpetuate or discredit certain ideas. In the following analysis, I would like to reason and provide evidence to refute this viewpoint. In my opinion, it is mass media and law that play the most important role in orienting the culture.

In the first place, it is the purpose of formal education to help the educatees become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who are impossible to accept any idea without hesitation and examination. (所有FORMAL EDUCATION的目的都在此嘛？法西斯的FORMAL EDUCATION呢？）It is also hard for them to abandon any idea they believe simply by hearing some agitative speech. （AGITATIVE？）It has been proved that every new trend of thought came from the universities where people have the will and intelligence to challenge the former ideas. Education impels students to clarify their own values and seek a more unprejudiced viewpoint. Admittedly, There is no doubt that the young students in elementary school and high school need principles and basic but necessary characters which will influence their future judgments, since they are not sophisticated enough. As a result, formal education is the basic factor not the primary one in culture trends.

In the second place, mass media, whose influence is incomparable, is an important approach to spread and discredit certain ideas. Modern people cannot live without newspapers and television, which exert a subtle and in-depth impact on them. For instance, the Chinese newspaper used to eulogize the heroes who fought with gangsters, meanwhile some teachers were afraid that this kind of propaganda （这个词在英文中贬的不要太贬啊）would mislead the children do some thing stupid and be hurt, （这没什么不对啊）since children’s brain was easily washed. （PROPOGANDA, WASH BRAIN, 这不是说明中国的新闻界爱洗脑嘛？）Although the teacher cautioned against the children over and over again, their dreams of being a hero never stopped, which caused many children injured and even be killed. Therefore, the influence of mass media is far beyond our imagination. （MASS MEDIA的作用是很大，每个国家均为如此，咱们党的媒体比较特殊吧～你举的例子，说明MASS MEDIA宣扬了什么价值呢？这些价值是学校无法宣扬的嘛？）

Finally, laws, as forces carried out by governments clearly inform people what they could do and what they must not do on a societal level. Any act of resistance and disobey would be regarded as rebellion against the authority and society. （中国环境下的产物？）Then it provides a fundamental criterion for people’s behavior we follow every day. （OMG) Everything, including the content of textbook, must be drawn according the laws that are the principle of our social life. （所以FORMAL EDUCATION不是用来宣传咱们的CULTURE的嘛？）

To sum up, education might play a basic role in the culture transmitting progress, but it is the mass media and the laws that play the primary role in perpetuating and discrediting certain ideas of culture.  （ATTENTION!! BASIC和PRIMARY， FORMAL EDUCATION 是BASIC role 就不是PRIMARY ROLE了嘛？ 这两个词既然用在TS上，用来区分两个观点，那么他们的意思有如此大的区别嘛？）


感觉有点跑题～

udoUID: 2114276

thx sharonhy ！
我把你的issue104列入今天的计划了。：）
晚上给你答复

tomatopotatoUID: 129913

不错啊，第一次能写到这种程度啊！

ilovehsUID: 154798

观点：反对。一个文明通过多种渠道来保存它所倾向于的观点，否定它不认同的观点。其中媒体和法律才是主要的渠道。

题目的意思是以正式教育为主，你的意思是媒体、法律为主。所以论证的整体格调可定为“赞成+补充”，反对太过偏激，毕竟教育也是相当重要的一方面。

glassfrogUID: 170569

The speaker believed that formal education is the main means to perpetuate or discredit certain ideas. In the following analysis, I would like to reason and provide evidence to refute this viewpoint. In my opinion, it is mass media and law that play the most important role in orienting the culture.

In the first place, it is the purpose of formal education to helpmake sure the educatees become autonomous, creative, andinquiring people who are INSERT: endowed with the valuable power of observation and independent judgment. THIS IS FROM NCE4: ADOLESCENT impossible to accept any idea without hesitation and examinationDELETE. It is also hard for them to abandon any idea they believe simply by hearing some agitative speechDELETE: superfluous sentence. It has been proved that everyDELETE: it’s not true INSERT: usuallynew trend of thoughtREPLACE: ideas came from the universities where people have the will and intelligence to challenge the former ideas. Education impels students to clarify their own values and seek a more unprejudiced viewpoint. Admittedly, There is no doubt that the young studentsREPLACE: kids in elementary school and high school need principles and basic but necessary characters which will influence their future judgments, since they are not sophisticated enough. As a result, formal education is the basic factor notREPLACE: instead of the primary one inINSERT: determining culture trends.

In the second place, mass media, whose influence is incomparable, is an important approach to spread and discredit certain ideas. Modern people cannot live without newspapers and television, which exert a subtle and in-depth impact on them. For instance, the Chinese newspaper used to eulogize the heroes who fought with gangsters, meanwhile some teachers were afraid that this kind of propaganda would mislead the children do some thing stupid and beREPLACE: get hurt, since children’s brain was easily washed.REPLACE: since the child is easily oriented by the instructions he receives. COMMENTS: Are you sure you have read of “wash one’s brain” somewhere by an English writer. I just got the feeling that you are trying to translate some Chinese saying. Although the teacher cautioned against the children over and over again, their dreams of being a hero never stopped, which caused many children injured and even be killed.COMMENTS: this example is not supportive to your idea- mass media spread or discredit the certain ideas. Moreover, are you telling us that we should just stand by when someone needs our help? Therefore, the influence of mass media is far beyond our imagination.

Finally, laws, as forces carried out by governments clearly inform people what they could do and what they must not do on a societal level. Any act of resistance and disobey would be regarded as rebellion against the authority and society. Then it provides a fundamental criterion for people’s behavior we follow every day. Everything, including the content of textbook, must be drawn according the laws that are the principle of our social life.COMMENTS: More descriptive words is needed here.

To sum up, education might play a basic role in the culture transmitting progress, but it is the mass media and the laws that play the primary role in perpetuating and discrediting certain ideas of culture.

glassfrogUID: 170569

Bad usage of the colonized tool.....-_-!