Argument50 敬请大家赐教！谢谢

Archer1123UID: 206148

Argument 50
From a draft textbook manuscript submitted to a publisher.
"As Earth was being formed out of the collision of space rocks, the heat from those collisions and from the increasing gravitational energy of the planet made the entire planet molten, even the surface. Any water present would have evaporated and gone off into space. As the planet approached its current size, however, its gravitation became strong enough to hold gases and water vapor around it as an atmosphere. Because comets are largely ice made up of frozen water and gases, a comet striking Earth then would have vaporized. The resulting water vapor would have been retained in the atmosphere, eventually falling as rain on the cooled and solidified surface of Earth. Therefore, the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets."

The author's conclusion that the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets is unfounded and cannot be accepted under the close scrutiny. The comets, which are largely ice made up of frozen water and gases, struck Earth and would have vaporized for the heat from collisions; then the Earth's gravitation, which is strong enough when it approached its current size, to hold the resulting water vapor retained in the atmosphere, eventually falling as rain on the surface of Earth. The whole reasoning and deducing process seems plausible, in fact, the evidence and information provided by author is not efficient and strong enough to support the conclusion.

To begin with, the author assumes that the resulting water, which is from the comets vaporized for the heat, must be retained in the atmosphere by the Earth's gravitation. For one thing, the author provides no evidence or information about the water must exist after the vaporization, maybe the entire comet became the vapor because the heat from the collisions and the temperature is too high, and the vapor maybe out of the area and realm which is controlled by the Earth's gravitation. Even if the water still existed around the Earth, the author maybe ignores another important factor: the correct time. The author assumes that the Earth had approached the proper size and its gravitation became strong enough to hold the water when the comets striking Earth and vaporized. The argument does not mention when the Earth approached its current size, it is possible in that time the Earth did not.

Secondly, the author simply assumes that the resulting water vapor would fall as rain on the cooled and solidified surface of Earth eventually. Why the water will fall? It is hard to find the reason in the argument. Why the water will not retain in the atmosphere of Earth by the influence of the gravitation? It maybe a difficulty question for the author to answer.

Moreover, the author fails to rule out other possibility that made up of the water in Earth's oceans. It is possible that the glacier or ice in the Earth melts for the increase of temperature; maybe the volcanoes break out and the steam gases float then become the water and fall as the rain when it meet the cold air or something else.

Last but not least, without knowing how many comets striking Earth, at last how much water the comets come into being and the how much water in the Earth's oceans, it is very hard to accept the conclusion that the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets.

From what has been discussed and analyzed, it is clearly that the argument’s conclusion is too hasty and unreasonable to be accepted. The author should provide more evidence and information to support the conclusion.

[ Last edited by staralways on 2005-7-15 at 13:33 ]

staralwaysUID: 193479

The author's conclusion that the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets is unfounded and cannot be accepted under the close scrutiny. [篇首即指明逻辑上有问题，很好。] The comets, which are largely ice made up of frozen water and gases, struck Earth and would have vaporized for the heat from collisions; then the Earth's gravitation, which is strong enough when it approached its current size, to hold the resulting water vapor retained in the atmosphere, eventually falling as rain on the surface of Earth. [这里的陈述有点冗赘，试着归纳一下。] The whole reasoning and deducing process seems plausible, in fact, the evidence and information provided by [the] author is not efficient and strong enough to support the conclusion.

To begin with, the author assumes that the resulting water, which is from the comets vaporized for [due to] the heat, must be retained in the atmosphere by the Earth's gravitation. For one thing, the author provides no evidence or information about the water must exist after the vaporization, maybe the entire comet became the vapor because the heat from the collisions and the temperature is too high, and the vapor maybe out of the area and realm which is controlled by the Earth's gravitation [reach of the Earth’s gravitation then]. Even if the water still existed around the Earth, the author maybe ignores [might ignore] another important factor: the correct time. The author assumes that the Earth had approached the proper size and its gravitation became strong enough to hold the water when the comets striking Earth and vaporized. The argument does not mention when the Earth approached its current size, it is possible in that time the Earth did not. [感觉还应该再继续说下去：因此不能说明慧星汽化的水份就能重新回到地球表面。]

Secondly, the author simply assumes that the resulting water vapor would fall as rain on the cooled and solidified surface of Earth eventually. Why the water will fall? It is hard to find the reason in the argument. Why the water will not retain in the atmosphere of Earth by the influence of the gravitation? [这个感觉有点悖理了。] It maybe a difficulty question for the author to answer. [感觉这段的攻击不太恰当，也完全不够深入。觉得是不是把内容和第一段合并，然后再调整下段落的分配。]

Moreover, the author fails to rule out other possibility that made up of the water in Earth's oceans. It is possible that the glacier or ice in the Earth melts for the increase of temperature; [没有水的话，哪里来的冰？] maybe the volcanoes break out and the steam gases float then become the water and fall as the rain when it meet the cold air or something else. [后半句的假设可以。]

Last but not least, without knowing how many comets striking Earth, at last how much water the comets come into being and the how much water in the Earth's oceans, it is very hard to accept the conclusion that the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets. [这段其实可以不要了。]

From what has been discussed and analyzed, it is clearly that the argument’s conclusion is too hasty and unreasonable to be accepted. The author should provide more evidence and information to support the conclusion.

一个比较突出的问题就是：对逻辑错误的攻击不够深入，没有展开。

Archer1123UID: 206148

谢谢版主指点，改正之