Argument188 【0906G 文以载道三月四月小组】2.12作业 by NormalFuJen

NormalFuJenUID: 2571208

188.A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very
differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these
differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers
administered the same dosage of kappa opioids-a painkiller-to 28 men and
20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported
feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted
considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids
should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required,
whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition,
researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus
women.
一项新报告表明，男性和女性对于疼痛的感受是有显著差异的，医生在开止痛药方的时候应该考虑到这种差异。当研究者把相同剂量的kappa
opioids--一种止痛药--分发给智齿刚刚被拔除的28名男子和20名女子的时候，女性报告的她们感受的痛楚要比男性小的多，而且止痛的时间女性更长。这一研究说明当需要止痛药时，应该给女性服用kappa
opioids，而应该给男性服用其他的止痛药。而且，研究人员应该重新评估所有药品对于男性以及女性的效用。
提纲：
1：拔牙不能代表所有的情况。
2：实验的人数太少不足性，女性报告痛苦少不代表真的要少。
3：应该排除女性使用其他的药
4：可能KO还是最有效的药
5：不应该重新评估所有的药品
The report suggests that the pain medication Kappa Opioids (KO) should be prescribed to women only, while for men another kind of medication should be selected. To supported this conclusion, the report cites a recent study involving 28 men and 20 men, claiming that women felt less pain and longer easing of pain than men. However, close scrutiny of the evidence lends little support for the report's recommendation.

To begin with, the report places the study of teeth extracting as a strong proof for its conclusion. However, teeth extracting is only one application of painkiller. It is highly possible that the situation of KO's application in other circumstances, such as easing pain of muscle strain and skin bruise, is different. Perhaps when applied to other situation, except teeth extracting, the effect applied to men is similar or even better than that applied to women. In this case, it is ridiculous to ask men to take another kind of medication. Moreover, there are only 48 people involved in the study, without any information whether these people are representative of people all over the world. To convince me that the study is representative, the report should provide information of the percentage these people can represent.

Less pain reported by women than men, on the other hand, is another seemingly overwhelming reason the report cites. However, the report fails to rule out the possibility that many women did not report their real level of pain or men over described their pain. There is a good chance that women suffered more than men but reported less because they could endure more pain than men could. Even assuming that women suffered less than men, it is entirely possible that women in the study had taken some other kind of medication to ease pain while men took nothing else. In short, without the evidence that men are really suffered more than women and they were under the same circumstance, the report's conclusion is dubious at best.

Even assuming that KO is more effective for women than for men, it is unfairly to ask men to take another kind of medication. The report overlooks the possibility that KO, compared with other kinds of painkiller, is still the most effective medication for men to ease pain. Without comparison of effects between KO and other kinds of painkiller, I cannot accept the report's suggestion to give men another kind of medication rather than KO. Moreover, it is unnecessary to evaluate the effects of all medication on men and women. It is just a waste of money to do so.

In sum, the report has not convinced me that men should take a medication other than KO. To strengthen the argument, the report must provide the information that the study cited is representative and reliable. To better evaluate the recommendation, the report's author needs to assure me that other kinds of painkiller's effect on are better than KO.

nohevenUID: 2447539

188.A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very
differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these
differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers
administered the same dosage of kappa opioids-a painkiller-to 28 men and
20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported
feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted
considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids
should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required,
whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition,
researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus
women.
一项新报告表明，男性和女性对于疼痛的感受是有显著差异的，医生在开止痛药方的时候应该考虑到这种差异。当研究者把相同剂量的kappa
opioids--一种止痛药--分发给智齿刚刚被拔除的28名男子和20名女子的时候，女性报告的她们感受的痛楚要比男性小的多，而且止痛的时间女性更长。这一研究说明当需要止痛药时，应该给女性服用kappa
opioids，而应该给男性服用其他的止痛药。而且，研究人员应该重新评估所有药品对于男性以及女性的效用。
提纲：
1：拔牙不能代表所有的情况。
2：实验的人数太少不足性，女性报告痛苦少不代表真的要少。
3：应该排除女性使用其他的药
4：可能KO还是最有效的药
5：不应该重新评估所有的药品
The report suggests that the pain medication Kappa Opioids (KO) should be prescribed to women only, while for men another kind of medication should be selected. To supported （support）this conclusion, the report cites a recent study involving 28 men and 20 men, claiming that women felt less pain and longer easing of pain than men. However, close scrutiny of the evidence lends little support for the report's recommendation.

To begin with, the report places the study of teeth extracting as a strong proof for its conclusion. However, teeth extracting is only one application of painkiller. It is highly possible that the situation of KO's application in other circumstances, such as easing pain of muscle strain and skin bruise, is different. Perhaps when applied to other situation, except teeth extracting, the effect applied to men is similar or even better than that applied to women. In this case, it is ridiculous to ask men to take another kind of medication.（我建议把男女差异全部归到后面讲，这里只比较拔牙的痛和其他的痛） Moreover, there are only 48 people involved in the study, without any information whether these people are representative of people all over the world. To convince me that the study is representative, the report should provide information of the percentage these people can represent.

Less pain reported by women than men, on the other hand, is another seemingly overwhelming reason the report cites. However, the report fails to rule out the possibility that many women did not report their real level of pain or men over described their pain. There is a good chance that women suffered more than men but reported less because they could endure more pain than men could. Even assuming that women suffered less than men, it is entirely possible that women in the study had taken some other kind of medication to ease pain while men took nothing else. In short, without the evidence that men are really suffered more than women and they were under the same circumstance, the report's conclusion is dubious at best.

Even assuming that KO is more effective for women than for men, it is unfairly（unfair） to ask men to take another kind of medication. The report overlooks the possibility that KO,（加一个perhaps） compared with other kinds of painkiller, is still the most effective medication for men to ease pain. Without comparison of effects between KO and other kinds of painkiller, I cannot accept the report's suggestion to give men another kind of medication rather than KO. Moreover, it is unnecessary to evaluate the effects of all medication on men and women. It is just a waste of money to do so.(这一段的后半段其实是前半段的重复啊)

In sum, the report has not convinced me that men should take a medication other than KO. To strengthen the argument, the report must provide the information that the study cited is representative and reliable. To better evaluate the recommendation, the report's author needs to assure me that other kinds of painkiller's effect on are better than KO.
（写得不错。但是872词的文章对于30分钟的考试是不是显得有点长？我注意到作者在每一段的末尾都写到了改进意见，其实和最后一段有点重复。可以在最后一段统一点出。）