0910G[Splendid Sun] 第1次作业 提纲+ISSUE17文 By 远迹

远迹UID: 2649151

Argument 6
The following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe.
"A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroe's jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is 'Jazz Nightly,' which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money."
在Monroe建立爵士乐俱乐部将会是非常盈利的产业。当前，最近的爵士俱乐部也在65英里以外；因此，我们筹建的俱乐部C Note将会占有全部的本地市场。而且，爵士乐在Monroe非常流行：去年夏天10万多人参加了Monroe的爵士音乐节，若干知名爵士音乐家居住在Monroe，Monroe获评价最高的广播节目是平时每天播出的Jazz Nightly。最后，一项全国性研究表明典型的爵士爱好者每年花费近1000元用于爵士娱乐。显然C Note将会赚钱。

Argument 6
1、
因为最近的65英里内没有jazz club，C Note就一定会占有全部市场吗？这一点是值得怀疑的（或许正是因为M地人不喜欢去参加jazz club而使得这样的small business无利可图，才被迫迁移）。这一点不能够证明M地人就对参加jazz club感兴趣。
2、
作者提出假设：去年10多万人参加M的jazz节，又有许多知名jazz家居住在M地，再加上M地的收听率最高的节目是weeknight的jazz XXX，所以jazz在M地extremely流行。存在极大的问题。
3、
参加M jazz节的大部分是M的人吗？作者没有给出，可能是M地以外的人来参加的呢？jazz音乐家居住在M地就说明M的人喜欢jazz吗？这不一定。设想一下，假如M是一个metropolis，那么娱乐在这样的环境下必然会有很好的发展，或许随便举行个什么样的节日M地的人都习以为常，而许多艺人都觉得在这样的大环境下更利于自身发展，所以才来本地居住呢？这并不能说明M地的residents就喜欢jazz .
4、
即使作者补充了weeknight的jazz XXX收听率很高，这也不能provides that radio listeners would be interested in going out to hear live jazz. 或许大部分的人喜欢在家收听著名jazz音乐家的演奏而不是去CLUB听一些boor的演奏呢？作者没有更进一步说明M地的人喜欢jazz

（嗯~~第一个A的没写英文句子）

远迹UID: 2649151

Argument 16
The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper from a citizen of the state of Impecunia.
"Two years ago our neighboring state, Lucria, began a state lottery to supplement tax revenues for education and public health. Today, Lucria spends more per pupil than we do, and Lucria's public health program treats far more people than our state's program does. If we were to establish a state lottery like the one in Lucria, the profits could be used to improve our educational system and public health program. The new lottery would doubtless be successful, because a survey conducted in our capital city concludes that citizens of Impecunia already spend an average of $50 per person per year on gambling."
两年前我们相邻的州Lucria开展了州际彩票活动来增加用于教育和公共医疗的财政收入。现在，Lucria对于每个小学生的平均开支比我们多，Lucria的公共医疗体系接待的人数也比我们的多很多。如果我们也建立一套和Lucria类似的彩票系统，其盈利可以被用来改善我们的教育系统和公共医疗体系。新的彩票无疑会成功，因为在我们的首府举办的一次调查显示Impecuni的居民每人每年用于博彩的平均支出已经达到$50。

Argument 16
1、        The author fails to mention that whether the lottery began in Lucria has succeeded or not, and that the result of this method of supplement has eventually benefited the education and public health in this state.
2、        Admittedly, Lucria spends more money on every single pupil and cares more on treatment of residents than Impecunia does. But is it the result of lottery? Perhaps it is some certain strategies or policies that contribute to the status quo of Lucria. Maybe Lucria itself is a centre of trade or economic hinge, where the standard of living and habitation overwhelmingly surpasses many other states, and thus, investment to such a flourishing state will absolutely overshadow those who are not palmy. Hence, it will be plausible that Lucria spends more on public health and education, which give no evidences that the lottery will profit Impecunia to a certainty.
3、        The author presumptuously deems that as long as Impecunia establishes a lottery like Lucria will doubtless succeeds, whilst Impecunia’s residents spend $50 per person per year on gambling will utterly have the ability and be pleased to participate in a lottery. Failing to inform the circumstance of Impecunia, it is too vague and overhasty a term to substantiate the conclusion.

远迹UID: 2649151

Argument 21
The following appeared in a memo from the new vice president of Sartorian, a company that manufactures men's clothing.
"Five years ago, at a time when we had difficulties in obtaining reliable supplies of high-quality wool fabric, we discontinued production of our deluxe alpaca overcoats. Now that we have a new fabric supplier, we should resume production. This coat should sell very well: since we have not offered an alpaca overcoat for five years and since our major competitor no longer makes an alpaca overcoat, there will be pent-up customer demand. Also, since the price of most types of clothing has risen in each of the past five years, customers should be willing to pay significantly higher prices for alpaca overcoats than they did five years ago, and our company profits will increase."
五年前，当我们在获取可靠的高质量羊毛毛料的渠道方面存在困难的时候，我们停止了高档羊毛外衣的生产。现在有了新的毛料供应商，我们应该重新开始生产。这种外衣应该卖得很好：因为我们已经五年没有供应羊毛外衣了，而且由于我们的主要竞争对手已不再生产羊毛外衣，消费者将有很迫切的需求。而且，由于过去五年中多数种类的服装价格每年都在上涨，消费者应该愿意花比五年前高的多的价格购买羊毛外衣，从而我们公司的利润将会上升。

Argument 21
1、        The new vice president provides no substantiating evidence for the assumption that the new fabric supplier will be a reliable supplier of alpaca. Even if the company can obtain a stable supply, can the supplier guarantee the high-quality of the wool fabric? If the alpaca is unqualified, hardly can the author advocate the resuming of production.
2、        The fact that Sartorian’s major competitor no longer makes an alpaca overcoat manifests no evidences that consumer pent-up and acquisitive demand for alpaca coats made by Sartorian pent-up and acquisitive is now in existence. Perhaps the alpaca coats have been outmoded since the Stone Age and consumers would prefer to spend money on those vogue articles, which made the competitor change the trend of manufacturing.
3、        The vice president unwarrantedly concludes that Sartorian company will finally benefited from the sales that consumers will be willing to pay whatever price Sartorian requires on its alpaca coats.
4、        The assertion that the company’s overall profits would increase due to the only production of this type of overcoat is problematic. Predicting the future profits merely by the sole product can hardly be persuasive, considering the case that the rest of Sartorian’s products may sell at a loss and thus lead to the company’s deficit.

远迹UID: 2649151

Argument 193
The Department of Education in the state of Attra recommends that high school students be assigned homework every day. Yet a recent statewide survey of high school math and science teachers calls the usefulness of daily homework into question. In the district of Sanlee, 86 percent of the teachers reported assigning homework three to five times a week, whereas in the district of Marlee, less than 25 percent of the teachers reported assigning homework three to five times a week. Yet the students in Marlee earn better grades overall and are less likely to be required to repeat a year of school than are the students in Sanlee. Therefore, all teachers in our high schools should assign homework no more than twice a week, if at all.
Attra州的教育部建议高中学生应该每天都被布置家庭作业。然而最近一项对于全州的数学和理化高中教师的调查却对每天布置家庭作业的作用提出了疑问。在Sanlee地区，86％的教师报告说他们每周布置3－5次家庭作业，而在Marlee地区，只有少于25％的教师报告说每周布置3－5次作业。而Marlee地区的学生综合成绩更好，而且比起Sanlee的学生更不容易留级。因此，我们高中的所有教师每周布置作业都不应该超过两次。

Argument 193
1.        First of all, the statewide survey of high school math and science teachers appeals our suspicion to the credibility and reliability of the sample size, which may be deliberately diminished to exaggerate the real data of status. Moreover, we can also cast serious doubt on the statistics from only two districts. Can the author come to a holistic conclusion just via two special districts?
2.        Less than 25 percent of the teachers assign homework three to five times a week in Marlee gives no evidences that the homework there is small. Maybe 60 percent of the teachers assign homework over ten times a week there but the author obscures the fact. And this perhaps contributes to the better grades of students in Marlee. Even if the teachers there assign homework a little, no evidence has been substantiated that the standards to repeat a year of school between Sanlee and Marlee are the same, and students in Marlee earn better grades overall informs no proof that every subjects they studied well.
3.        In addition, the argument rests on the unwarranted assumption that the amount of homework assigned to students is the only possible reason for the comparative academic performance between students in the two districts. The level of education, the quality of students, and the lifestyle, which may cause the differences between these two districts, is not specified in the argument.

远迹UID: 2649151

Issue 7
The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation written records.
数码相机可以精确，令人信服地记录当代人们的生活，作为一种记录方式，它的重要性已经超过的纸和笔的记录。

ISSUE 7
1、（正）在记录信息方面，V记录的快捷是W所难以企及的，V可以记录声音，瞬间记录的信息量较大，它的快速是当今时代引以为豪的话题之一
2、（正）V在记录的时候虽然生动性是超越于W的，V在事物记录的具体刻画上（细节）有着W不可比拟的效果，V能够再次真实地反映事物的具体特征，而W在这一点上造成的效果往往取决于成文的作者，即二次重现。当然，W可以指出事物的特征，在记录上可以挖掘出V表面上不能挖掘的东西，更可以通过渲染来对事物进行分析，V在这一点上相差甚远（举例子说父母给孩子留下的珍贵录像和照片）
3、（正）记录内容的作用不同，记录方式也应该有所选择。如果要再现事发时的情况，V显然比W更能体现细节和完整性，不失偏颇。
4（反）w可以浓缩信息，如果是为了高效提炼信息，W则比V有明显的优势，抽象出现象背后的问题并与他人communicate也更有效。另外，生活中有很多规范的、特殊的、正式的documentation上，如法律、契约、学术文章等，w起到了十分重要的作用。
总结：当今社会，V确实在记录上更加具有优势，当然，W也确实很重要，最有效的方法应该是结合W和V一起记录

（基本上和BS的差不多，自己把每段态度标明了）

远迹UID: 2649151

Issue 17
There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
有两种法律：公平的和不公平的。社会中的每个人都应该遵守公平的法律，更重要的是，不遵守或者违抗不公平的法律。

ISSUE 17
1、（反）法律的公正与不公正只是我们人的主观态度认为的，而实际上，法律本身的性质使得法律本身具有至上的权威公正性。（个人认为不应该把法律的定义占据全文，因为题干主题是指出个人是不是该反对和抵抗不公正法律。）
2、（正）确实，法律不能面面俱到，在许多问题上仍需修正改善，而对于一个民主的社会，更应该允许民众指出对法律的不足（这里指出的是民众不是个人），由此来更加完善民主制度
3、（反）既然是法律，就必须遵守，因为它是被公众接受的维护社会稳定和社会秩序的重要工具。
4、（反）即使是个人对法律的公正性存在质疑（法律在不同地区、文化、习俗、宗教等地区的不同，可能不能同时满足个人利益），个人也不应该采取抵抗的形式来反对法律，应当采取合理的手段，指出法律的不足
总结：法律的公正性不是单单依据个人的态度决定的，我们应该遵守法律，即使法律有问题，那么群众会提议（而不是个人反抗），由立法机关来进行修订，因此，不遵守甚至是抵抗法律的做法是不可行的。

远迹UID: 2649151

Issue 74
The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language.
和一大群人交流想法或者价值观的最有效方式是图像而非语言。

（开头）作者说图像是最有效的交流方法而非语言，其实不然。
1、        （反）语言的运用使得交流更方便有效，而image则需要花费很多时间和精力，使交流效率下降。买商品的时候，售货员会问：“您需要什么？”而不是默默地给一张图片。
2、        （反）语言在表达深度和精确性上比图像更强，它所能传递的不仅仅是表面信息，更能够将深层次的思想传播出去，尽管图像也有表达思想的一面，但是这些停留在表面层次的表像仍没有语言来得深刻。图像往往容易被人误解，例如政治家上台的演讲都不是用图像而是用语言的方式，就是为了更加深刻而精确地传达他们的思想。
3、        （反）语言在信息量表达上更为强大，它能在短时间内表达出大量信息，而图像在此方面相形见绌。
4、        （正）图像更容易被大众接受和理解，在技术领域，例如土建类施工中，图纸能更快地表达出工程师的思想，更容易被技术人员所接受。而且利用图片在大群体中交流更大程度地提高了交流的效率。
5、        （FINAL）图像在交流上是很重要的，它在表达上起到了更加直观的效果，但是没有语言的解释，图片在很大程度上就失去了自身的价值，因此，不能说图像是交流最有效的方法而忽略了语言，应当结合语言和图像，这样才能做到最有效的交流。

（嗯…………很郁闷是前几天写的没把它写成英文的~~不过还有很多不足）

seigshiravUID: 2648366

Argument 6
1、
因为最近的65英里内没有jazz club，C Note就一定会占有全部市场吗？这一点是值得怀疑的（或许正是因为M地人不喜欢去参加jazz club而使得这样的small business无利可图，才被迫迁移）。这一点不能够证明M地人就对参加jazz club感兴趣。
2、
作者提出假设：去年10多万人参加M的jazz节，又有许多知名jazz家居住在M地，再加上M地的收听率最高的节目是weeknight的jazz XXX，所以jazz在M地extremely流行。存在极大的问题(问题在哪里，你没有说呀，可以举反例，逻辑证明其错，但是不能直接复制原文呀，愚见，呵呵)。
3、
参加M jazz节的大部分是M的人吗？作者没有给出，可能是M地以外的人来参加的呢？jazz音乐家居住在M地就说明M的人喜欢jazz吗？这不一定。设想一下，假如M是一个metropolis，那么娱乐在这样的环境下必然会有很好的发展，或许随便举行个什么样的节日M地的人都习以为常，而许多艺人都觉得在这样的大环境下更利于自身发展，所以才来本地居住呢？这并不能说明M地的residents就喜欢jazz .
4、
即使作者补充了weeknight的jazz XXX收听率很高，这也不能provides that radio listeners would be interested in going out to hear live jazz. 或许大部分的人喜欢在家收听著名jazz音乐家的演奏而不是去CLUB听一些boor的演奏呢？作者没有更进一步说明M地的人喜欢jazz

感觉哈，总体是没有一个大的框架，你自己的逻辑结构不明显？还是我没看出？愚见，最好不要逐点批驳，抓对方的逻辑链薄弱占反击，然后在反击中构建自己严密的逻辑体系

家家☆yoonjaeUID: 2646910

Issue 74
The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language.
和一大群人交流想法或者价值观的最有效方式是图像而非语言。

（开 ...
远迹 发表于 2009-6-14 20:08

偶然翻到了。。。小远。。请注意题目的限定词。。a large groups of people。。

It's extremely important...It's the precondition which the arguer concluded the conclusion.

CMGSUID: 2599842

I 17.。。小远你的语法和词语。。。我咋感觉都看不懂了=。=
晚点仔细看呐。。