【辉太郎杀G大队】7/8作业by MC dragonfly(Issue235;Argument15)

lmcdragonflyUID: 2601914

issue235 "Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue......"

Ever since I began to know the world, I have been told that loyalty is a virtue that everybody should abide by. From the school, we have learned to be loyal to our motherland, to our family. For a longtime, Loyalty is certainly a virtue without any flaw, which I have never suspected even a little. However, as the intelligence increase with the age, it comes to me that nothing is absolute. Just like the old Chinese philosophy claim, everything has two sides according to the extent. The loyalty is no exception for this rule, from my point of view. The abstract concept loyalty is certainly a virtue, but if its application goes to extreme, it will turn to be a destructive rather than positive force.

On one hand, there is no doubt that if the loyalty which is applied in proper measure and right direction can be a positive force. Loyalty means inner respect, affection and the fundamental responsibilities we should take at the object such as family, motherland. We never grudge any eulogy to extol the greatness and beauty of the loyalty. Being loyal is such a vital and basic virtue that we can say it is indispensable. For example, the relationship between spouses requires the loyalty to establish the trust and endurance. Similarly, the virtue of loyalty is essential for the employment relationship and even political relationship. Lacking loyalty, family breaks down and individuals couldn’t believe any thing even including themselves. Then the secure sense based on the sense of belongings to the community is gone. The order, which is the foundation our society builds on, will be in totally mess. We can’t imagine a world without loyalty can really exist. In contrast, any country or organization that shall lead to success never lacks the mutual loyalty among the authorities and citizens or team members. To some extent, loyalty composes our basic sense of worth and it is a positive force to make the society progress and even far more than it.

On the other hand, perhaps the importance of loyalty is overemphasized, instead of lacking loyalty, the way some people treat loyalty sometimes go to another extreme, which we can define as undue loyalty. This will lead to some destructive forces to our society, such as chauvinism, religious extremes and irrational frenzy at idol, especially politician. Sometimes people can’t tell jingoism apart from the patriotism. We can see the Germany in Adolf Hitler’s time. The terrorists occupied by the loyalty to religious fundamentalism are also great destructive powers to our society and we Chinese’s irrational frenzy at Chairman Mao result in the Culture Revolutionary, which do a great harm to our country. Similarly, undue loyalty to a friend also results in the consequence we don’t expect. The loyalty to each other makes us connive at the deficiency of each other. Considering broadly, the undue loyalty will be destructive powers to one’s friend as well as organization and country.

As mentioned above, we can turn to a conclusion that the loyalty can sometimes be destructive powers if it is not applied in proper measure and right direction, even though the loyalty itself is really positive powers to our society. A coin has two sides and even the loyalty can not avoid the truth. So we should abide by the loyalty properly and make it a positive power of our society.  (563words)
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argument 15"Investing OLD DIARY stock"
In this newsletter, the author takes a dim view of Old Diary(OD)’s prospect and suggests the investors not to own O.D. stock. At first glance, the argument seems to be somewhat convincing, but strict scrutiny reveals that the conclusion is based on some unwarranted assumptions and the reasoning is biased due to the inadequate evidence provided to solidify the conclusion. These logical fallacies seriously undermine the validity of the argument.

To start with, this argument rests on a gratuitous assumption that there really exists a diminishing demand for high-fat food simply based upon statistics in a survey that indicates the desire of some people to reduce their intake of foods containing fat and cholesterol. However, the author fails to assure us the representativeness of this survey. Lacking information about the number of the respondents and the background of them, for example, only 200 people from a place where advocates vegetarianism responds to the survey, how can we believe the survey can accurately reflect the desires of the overall population where OD products are sold. What’s more, to say the least, if we recognize that the survey can somehow represent the popular desires, it remains a question that whether people will make food-purchase decisions according to their expressed desires. Just like everybody knows smoking is harmful to the health, but not all of the smokers give up smoking because they like it or they are used to it , and there still a lot of new smokers appear. Thus, the data the author cited is among the inadequate (scant) evidences of the conclusion as mentioned above.

In addition, we can not take it for granted that the abundance of low-fat food supply in food stores will lead to a high demand for them or a diminishing demand for high-fat foods as the author do. The high-fat food has its customer foundation and they can’t be replaced by the low-fat food. The abundant supply of low-fat food doesn’t necessarily mean the high demand and it is entirely possible that the actual demand has not met the demand anticipated by the market.

Last but not least, the author unfairly assumes that the definitely decline of the OD’s profits is determined and caused exclusively by the decreasing demand for high-fat food. Even if the premise is true, it is still too hasty for anyone to make the conclusion. Admittedly, the decreasing demand of high-fat food is salient and striking element in determining the profits of O.D., it is not true that other crucial aspects, such as costs and prices, do not play an indispensable role in determining. For example, if O.D. raise the price a little to offset the declining sales, or they reduce their costs by advance their productivity through improving management, the profits will not necessarily diminish. Without considering these underlying pertinent factors contributing to the finial determination, it is presumptuous for the author to make the conclusion through such a unwarranted assumption.

To sum up, though the argument seems to be plausible, in fact, it is nether sound nor persuasive. The author fails to give convincing evidence to his claim and have some logical fallacies in the process of deduce. To make the argument more convincing, the author must provide more information concerning the survey which plays a basic role in this argument. Considering thoroughly while making the decision will make the argument more convincing. (560wors)

sindyttUID: 2661721

issue235 "Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue......"
Ever since I began to know the world, I have been told that loyalty is a virtue that everybody should abide by. From the school, we have learned to be loyal to our motherland, to our family. For a longtime, Loyalty is certainly a virtue without any flaw, which I have never suspected even a little. However, as the intelligence increase with the age, it comes to me that nothing is absolute. Just like the old Chinese philosophy claim, everything has two sides according to the extent. The loyalty is no exception for this rule（The loyalty admits of no exception.）, from my point of view. The abstract concept loyalty is certainly a virtue, but if its application goes to extreme, it will turn to be a destructive rather than positive force.
On one hand, there is no doubt that if(这个if要去掉) the loyalty which is applied in proper measure and right direction can be a positive force. Loyalty means inner respect, affection and the fundamental responsibilities we should take at the object such as family, motherland. We never grudge any eulogy to extol the greatness and beauty of the loyalty. （这句话漂亮^_^）Being loyal is such a vital and basic virtue that we can say it is indispensable. For example, the relationship between spouses requires the loyalty to establish the trust and endurance. Similarly, the virtue of loyalty is essential for the employment relationship and even political relationship. Lacking loyalty, family breaks down and individuals couldn’t believe any thing even including themselves. Then the secure sense (sense of security?) based on the sense of belongings (belongingness?) to the community is gone. The order, which is the foundation our society builds on, will be in totally mess. (in a mess?) We can’t imagine a world without loyalty can really exist. In contrast, any country or organization that shall lead to success never lacks the mutual loyalty among the authorities and citizens or team members. To some extent, loyalty composes our basic sense of worth and it is a positive force to make the society progress and even far more than it.
这段的论证，读完以后觉得少了点什么。可能是举例不够充分，所以文章显得不够生动。
On the other hand, perhaps the importance of loyalty is overemphasized, instead of lacking loyalty, the way some people treat loyalty sometimes go to another extreme, which we can define as undue loyalty. This will lead to some destructive forces to our society, such as chauvinism(呵呵，GRE单词诶~~~), religious extremes and irrational frenzy at idol, especially politician. Sometimes people can’t tell jingoism apart from the patriotism. We can see the Germany in Adolf Hitler’s time. The terrorists occupied by the loyalty to religious fundamentalism are also great destructive powers to our society and we Chinese’s irrational frenzy at Chairman Mao result in the Culture Revolutionary, which do a great harm to our country. Similarly, undue loyalty to a friend also results in the consequence we don’t expect. The loyalty to each other makes us connive at the deficiency of each other. Considering broadly, the undue loyalty will be destructive powers to one’s friend as well as organization and country.
As mentioned above, we can turn to a conclusion that the loyalty can sometimes be destructive powers if it is not applied in proper measure and right direction, even though the loyalty itself is really positive powers to our society. A coin has two sides and even the loyalty can not avoid the truth. So we should abide by（用过了，改为hold吧） the loyalty properly and make it a positive power of our society.  

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argument 15"Investing OLD DIARY stock"
In this newsletter, the author takes a dim view of Old Diary(OD)’s prospect and suggests the investors not to own O.D. stock. At first glance, the argument seems to be somewhat convincing, but strict scrutiny reveals that the conclusion is based on some unwarranted assumptions and the reasoning is biased due to the inadequate evidence provided to solidify the conclusion. （漂亮！）These logical fallacies seriously undermine the validity of the argument.

To start with, this argument rests on a gratuitous（收藏了） assumption that there really exists a diminishing demand for high-fat food simply based upon statistics in a survey that indicates the desire of some people to reduce their intake of foods containing fat and cholesterol. However, the author fails to assure us the representativeness of this survey. Lacking information about the number of the respondents and the background of them, for example, only 200 people from a place where advocates vegetarianism responds to the survey, how can we believe the survey can accurately reflect the desires of the overall population where OD products are sold. What’s more, to say the least, if we recognize that the survey can somehow represent the popular desires, it remains a question that whether people will make food-purchase decisions according to their expressed desires. （想法很好）Just like everybody knows smoking is harmful to the health, but not all of the smokers give up smoking because they like it or they are used to it , and there still a lot of new smokers appear. Thus, the data the author cited is among the inadequate (scant) evidences of the conclusion as mentioned above.

In addition, we can not take it for granted that the abundance of low-fat food supply in food stores will lead to a high demand for them or a diminishing demand for high-fat foods as the author do. The high-fat food has its customer foundation and they can’t be replaced by the low-fat food. The abundant supply of low-fat food doesn’t necessarily mean the high demand and it is entirely possible that the actual demand has not met the demand anticipated by the market. （这段有点短，low-fat food的供应量大不能代表需求量大，更没办法说明OD的销量和利润会下降。也许因为OD的口味和质量，大家会减少对其他低热量食品的购买，可是不会影响到OD的产品）

Last but not least, the author unfairly assumes that the definitely (definite)decline of the OD’s profits is determined and caused exclusively by the decreasing demand for high-fat food. Even if the premise is true, it is still too hasty for anyone to make the conclusion. Admittedly, the decreasing demand of high-fat food is salient and striking element in determining the profits of O.D., it is not true that other crucial aspects, such as costs and prices, do not play an indispensable role in determining. （好句子！）For example, if O.D. raise the price a little to offset the declining sales, or they reduce their costs by advance their productivity through improving management, the profits will not necessarily diminish. Without considering these underlying pertinent factors contributing to the finial determination, it is presumptuous for the author to make the conclusion through such a unwarranted assumption.

To sum up, though the argument seems to be plausible, in fact, it is nether sound nor persuasive. The author fails to give convincing evidence to his claim and have some logical fallacies in the process of deduce. To make the argument more convincing, the author must provide more information concerning the survey which plays a basic role in this argument. Considering thoroughly while making the decision will make the argument more convincing.

评语：argument写的很不错，感觉句子虽然不是很长很难，但都很native。论证和思想都很好，一些句子我收藏了。Issue总体来说没有argument那么出彩。有些句子意思重复出现在文章中，issue感觉开头和第三段写得不错~~~