托福阅读词汇题总汇

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每次做阅读，阅读的词汇题几乎是必错的。只好自己整理集中做练习再整理。每楼一题。

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003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.
The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
(A) surpassed
(B) inclined
(C) expressed
(D) applied
此题选A


overtake
[әʋvә'teik]
vt.
  赶上；超过
The car overtook the truck.
小汽车超过了大卡车。
  （灾难）突然降临
A storm overtook the children.
孩子们遇到了暴风雨。

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006. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would   plunge    into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle.  
The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) drop
(B) extend
(C) melt
(D) drift

答案A


plunge
[plʌndʒ]
vt., vi.
  （常与in, into连用）使陷入
  跳水；跳入
  （把女服）开成低领，开成V型低领
  （与down, into连用）使投入；使插入

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007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership
that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members.
The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) necessary
(B) typical
(C) group
(D) particular



答案C


collective
[kә'lektiv]
n.
  集体；全体人员
[kә'lektiv]
adj.
  集合的；集合而成的；共同的
Our collective mistakes.
我们大家共同所犯的错误
  集团的
  集体的
collective ownership
集体所有制

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010. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses.  
The word "tangled" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) buried beneath
(B) twisted together
(C) quickly formed
(D) easily dated



答案B


tangle
['tæŋɡl]
n.
  （头发、线等）缠在一起
  乱成一团，纷乱
The string was in a tangle.
线乱成一团了。
['tæŋɡ(ә)l]
vt., vi.
  被纠缠，缠结
  （与with连用）（与人）争论，吵架，较量
  乱成一团
tangled affair
乱成一团的事物


twist
[twist]
n.
  扭成，捻成，搓成的东西
  癖性
  拐弯；弯曲；曲折
a road full of twists and turns
弯弯曲曲的路
  意想不到的转机；意料不到的改变
[twist]
vt., vi.
  卷；捻；搓
String is made of threads twisted together.
绳子是由卷捻在一起做成的。
  卷成；捻成；搓成
  盘旋而行；蜿蜒曲折地走过
The path twisted up the hill.
这条小路盘绕在小山上。
  转动
to twist the handle
转动把手
Twist the lid to open it.
拧这盖儿打开它。
  扭伤
  扭断；转断；捻断
  歪曲愿意；曲解

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013. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very
deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.
The word "extracting" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) breaking
(B) locating
(C) removing
(D) analyzing


答案 C


extract
['ekstrækt]
n.
  提炼物；精华
lemon extract
柠檬精
  摘录；选萃
a few extracts from his letter
他信的几段摘录
She read me a few extracts from her own new novel.
她把她自己的新小说念了几段给我听。
[ik'strækt]
vt.
  拔出；拉出
to extract a tooth
拔牙
  提取；榨出；蒸馏出
oil extracted from cottonseed
棉籽油
  摘录

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015. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.  
The word "surging" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) new
(B) extra
(C) accelerating
(D) surprising


答案   C


surge
[sә:dʒ]
vi.
  汹涌
The floods surged over the valley.
洪水在山谷中汹涌流过。
  （感情）起伏，高涨
[sә:dʒ]
n.
  汹涌，澎湃
  （感情的）起伏，高涨

accelerate
[әk'selәreit]
vt., vi.
  加速
  促进；催促

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014. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.
The word "strength" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
(A) basis
(B) purpose
(C) discovery
(D) endurance

答案 A  感觉这题必须要理解意思。



strength
[streŋθ]
n.
  力，力量；强度
I haven't the strength to lift this table.
我没有力气抬这张桌子。
  兵力；人员
The enemy were in strength.
敌人的兵力很大。

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019. Advocates of organic foods --- a term whose meaning varies greatly --- frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.
The word "Advocates" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) Proponents
(B) Merchants
(C) Inspectors
(D) Consumers

答案A



advocate
['ædvәkeit]
vt.
  拥护；提倡；主张
He advocates building more schools.
他主张多建几所学校。
['ædvәkәt]
n.
  （常与of连用）拥护者；提倡者
  辩护律师



inspector
[in'spektә(r)]
n.
  检查员；视察员
The School Inspector visited our school.
学校督察员视察了我们学校。
  警察巡官



proponent
[prә'pәʋnәnt]
n.
  支持者；拥护者

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020. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.

The word "unsubstantiated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) unbelievable
(B) uncontested
(C) unpopular
(D) unverified

答案D


unsubstantiated
[ʌnsәb'stænʃieitid]
adj.
  未经证实的，未经证明的

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022. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.

The word "considerable" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) thoughtful
(B) substantial
(C) relational
(D) ceremonial

答案 B


considerable
[kәn'sidәrәb(ә)l]
adj.
  相当大的；相当多的
The TV play received considerable acclaim.
这部电视剧获得很高评价。


thoughtful
['θɔ:tfʋl]
adj.
  沉思的；思索的
  体贴人的；对…关切的；考虑周到的


substantial
[sәb'stænʃ(ә)l]
adj.
  结实的；牢固的
  充实的；丰富的
  实质上的；大体上的
substantial compliance with the law
实际上遵守法律
  富有的

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024. Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.  


The word "Staggering" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) specialized
(B) confusing
(C) various
(D) overwhelming


答案D


staggering
['stæɡәriŋ]
adj.
  难以置信的；惊愕的


overwhelming
[͵әuvә'welmiŋ]
adj.
  势不可挡的
  压倒的
the overwhelming majority
压倒多数

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027. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.
The word "extend" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) stretch
(B) branch
(C) increase
(D) rotate



答案  A



extend
[ik'stend]
vt., vi.
  延长；继续
The headmaster extended our holiday by four days.
校长把我们的假期延长了四天。
The wet weather extended into September.
潮湿阴雨的天气延续到九月份。
The chapter extends to more than ninety pages.
这一章长达九十多页。
  延伸；扩大
to extend one's garden
扩大花园
  伸出，伸展（身体的一部分）
He extended his arms in front of him as if he were praying to God.
"他向前伸出双臂,好像在向上帝祷告求助。"
  给予；施
to extend a warm welcome to him
向他表示热烈欢迎
The bank has promised to extend your company credit.
银行已经答应向你们公司提供信用贷款。



stretch
[stretʃ]
n.
  伸展，舒展（身体）
  伸缩性
There's not much stretch in this collar.
这个领子没有多少伸缩性。
  一段直线赛程
  一段连续的时间
  服刑；刑期
[stretʃ]
vt., vi.
  变长，使长；变宽，使变宽
She stretched the material.
她撑拉这种材料。
  拉紧；张紧
to stretch a rope tight
把绳拉紧
In some tropical regions small boats used to be made of skins stretched over a wooden frame.
过去有些热带地区小船是用兽皮绷在一个木头框子上造成的。
  伸开，张开
  有弹性；可扩张
  伸展，伸长（身体或四肢）
He stretched his legs in front of him.
他往前伸腿。
I stretched out my hand towards the book.
我把手伸向这本书。
He stretched and flexed his knees to relax himself.
他伸屈膝关节使自己放松一下。
  曲解，滥用（规则或时间）
  持续


branch
[brɑ:ntʃ]
vi.
  （常与off连用）
  分支
Follow the road until it branches.
顺着这条路直走到岔路口。
Go straight along and you'll find the road that branches off to the right.
一直向前走你就会见到右边的那条岔道。
The bookshop has decided to branch out into selling software and electronic publications.
那家书店已经决定扩大经营范围,销售软件和电子出版物。
  分出来
the road branches to the right
向右分岔的路
[brɑ:ntʃ]
n.
  树枝
  分支；支流
a branch of a river
河的支流
The company's head office is in the city, but it has branches all over the country.
公司的总部在这个城市，但它的分公司遍布全国各地。
  （学科的）分科；（语系的）支；族
a branch of knowledge
知识的分支

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032. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzamden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.
The word "site" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) example
(B) location
(C) development
(D) characteristic



答案  A 这题还挺难！

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033. The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.
The phrase "account for " is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) record
(B) describe
(C) equal
(D) explain



答案  D


account for
v.
  说明, 占, 解决, 得分