argument同主题写作第二类 8月16-17日

wanghaitao199391UID：3704441

Arg 1 Palean Basket unique

Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a 'Palean' basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

Claim: Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.
Data: Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a 'Palean' basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found.
Warrant: so-called Palean baskets were developed independently in both Palea and Lithos.

Evidence:
1.Same origin.
There may be earthquakes producing a broad river cut Palea into two villages, so the same pattern on woven baskets can be found in Lithos across the Brim River.
2.Land modificaiton.
It is possible that the Brim River was not as deep and broad as it is today when people in Palea and Lithos could easily communicate the same pattern on woven baskets. So they didn’t use boat to go across the river.
3.More archaeology evidence about boat.
No Palean boats have been found doesn’t mean that the boats were not exist, further archaeology found should be done.

开头段：
According to the passage, the Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean. Because archaeologists discovered such a 'Palean' basket in Lithos, a village across the Brim River from Palea. Since the Brim River is too deep and broad to be crossed and no Palean boats have been found, so-called Palean baskets were developed independently in both Palea and Lithos. There are some evidence should be used to scrutinize the argument critically, to assess the strength of the argument.
中间段：
To begin with, the statement indicates that archaeologists discovered such a 'Palean' basket in Lithos, a village across also the Brim River from Palea would lead to two different origins of particular distinctive pattern on woven baskets. Neglecting land modification, it assumes that the land form near Palea has not changed after the emerging of particular distinctive pattern on woven baskets. While it is possible that a earthquake produced a broad river cut Palea into two villages, so the same pattern on woven baskets can be found in Lithos across the Brim River. If the land modification be proved by further archaeology evidence, the statement will be weakened.

In addition, overlooking water fluctuation, the argument assumes that the river has not changed in so many years. We need to take the possibility of fluctuation of the Brim River into account. It is possible that the Brim River was not as deep and broad as it is today when people could easily deliver the pattern on woven baskets to Lithos from Palea. To go across a shallow river, the ancient people didn’t need boat. If more geographic evidence be evacuated, this assumption may be questioned.

Another assumption in the argument is no Palean boats have been found means the boats were not exist nor the communication between Palea and Lithos. As we all know that in ancient society the boats were made of wood which is easy to be destroyed, if there were boats used by ancient people around the Palean and Lithos not been found, the communication between Palea and Lithos should not be denied so imprudently.
结尾：
In conclusion, it is too abrupt to assert the Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean. The assumptions discussed above should be critically examined by taking into account more archaeology evidence such as the land modification, water fluctuation and boat residues.  
感觉用来论证的专门用语还是不够多，来回就这么两种句式，我都觉得自己像个机器人，写的干巴巴。也有逻辑方面的缺点吧，继续练吧。

wanghaitao199391UID：3704441

53)The following appeared in a health magazine.

The citizens of Forsythe have adopted more healthful lifestyles. Their responses to a recent survey show that in their eating habits they conform more closely to government nutritional recommendations than they did ten years ago. Furthermore, there has been a fourfold increase in sales of food products containing kiran, a substance that a scientific study has shown reduces cholesterol. This trend is also evident in reduced sales of sulia, a food that few of the most healthy citizens regularly eat.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

Claim: The citizens of Forsythe have adopted more healthful lifestyles.
Data:
1. a recent survey show that they conform more closely to government nutritional recommendations.
2. increase in sales of food products containing kiran that a scientific study has shown reduces cholesterol.
3. reduced sales of sulia, a food that few of the most healthy citizens regularly eat.
Warrant: the citizens adopt healthful lifestyles because they conform government nutritional recommendationsin a survey, buying more products containing kiran and don’t buy sulia.
Assumptions and Evidence:
1.few of the most healthy citizens eat sulia doesn’t mean that sulia is harm to healthful lifestyle, so reduced sales of sulia doesn’t mean a healthier lifestyle of people.
2.increase in sales of food products containing kiran doesn’t show a healthier lifestyle of people, on the contrary, it is possible that more people are suffering from over cholesterol, so they eat kiran to reduce it.
4.We need more evidence to compare the conformations to government nutritional recommendations 10years ago and now, there maybe no such a government nutritional recommendations 10years ago.
开头段：
The author of the health magazine asserts that the citizens of Forsythe have adopted more healthful lifestyles. To support this argument, the writer presents a response of a recent survey show and two changes in certain substance selling. Although the assumptions seem plausible, the argument will be seriously challenged if these evidence proved to be unwarranted.
中间段：
To start with, the citizens’ responses to a recent survey show that they conform more closely to government nutritional recommendations than they did ten years ago. Based on a unstated assumption that there has been such a government nutritional recommendations 10years ago, the writer endorse the citizens’ attitude toward nutrition has changed more healthful. However, the assumption is potentially problematic because there maybe no such a government nutritional recommendations 10years ago, even if we acknowledge this assumption, we need more evidence to compare the conformations to government nutritional recommendations 10years ago with now. If this is the case, the writer’s assumption will not hold and the conclusion will be clearly weakened.

Additionally, by stating that increase in sales of food products containing kiran represent a healthier lifestyle of people, the writer rules out the opposite situation. We need to re-examine the assumption that selling more kiran food is the symbol of a healthful lifestyle. It is likely on the contrary, more people are suffering from over cholesterol, so they eat kiran to reduce it rather than as the writer’s assumption. In addition,the results of medical examination will tell us more about the real health condition of citizens in Forsythe. If the worse helth condition is true, then we can not take increase in sales of food products containing kiran as a healthier lifestyle of people.

What’s more, the writer demonstrate that reduced sales of sulia, a food that few of the most healthy citizens regularly eat, means people lead a more healthful lifestyle. Whether or not the sulia should be discriminated to be a unhealthful substance is questionable. For example, if the sulia is innocuous to health, it’s reduced selling should not be a standard of health lifestyle or not. More over, the reduction of sulia selling may be caused by a reduction of its production. For that reason, the reduced sales of sulia may not be a necessary key to lifestyle change. As a result, the argument is debatable.
加了一些连接词和看起来很有逻辑的过渡，我觉得比昨天的好多了，看来写得好就是让自己写的看起来好。