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发表于 2017-8-16 21:05:02
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本帖最后由 bigheiniu 于 2017-8-18 23:52 编辑
Argument 53) The following appeared in a health magazine.
The citizens of Forsythe have adopted more healthful lifestyles. Their responses to a recent survey show that in their eating habits they conform more closely to government nutritional recommendations than they did ten years ago. Furthermore, there has been a fourfold increase in sales of food products containing kiran, a substance that a scientific study has shown reduces cholesterol. This trend is also evident in reduced sales of sulia, a food that few of the most healthy citizens regularly eat.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
claim:
The citizens of Forsythe have adopted more healthful lifestyles.
data:
a survey show that residents' eating habbits match the goverment nutritional recommendations more closely.
warrant:
1. similar to the recommnedations is the key for keeping health.
2. the survey's correctness
evidence:
1. more data about peopel's health in the past ten years.
2. more informatin about the recommendations.
3. whether the survey cover all kinds of people in the city.
data:
A fourfold increase in sales of food products containing kiran, a substance that a scientific study has shown reduces cholesterol.
warrant:
1. the food contains the kiran can reduce cholesterol.
2. individual consumption of kiran's food has been increasing.
3. the diseases only caught by high level of cholesterol
evidence:
1. more experimental results about whether the food containing kiran have the same effect on people's health with the labotary results.
2. data about whether individual consumption of the kiran's food have been increasing.
3. the data from hostital about whether the disease residents suffer are caused by cholesterol.
data:
This trend is also evident in reduced sales of sulia, a food that few of the most healthy citizens regularly eat.
warrant:
people eat less food containing sulia is healthier.
assumption:
1. individual consumption of sulia food have been decreasing.
2. the food containing sulia is harmful to health.
============正文分割线==============
开头
According to the author of the lecture, the citizens of Forsythe have adopted more healthful lifestyles given that people's eating habits more similar to government recommendations, consuming food rich in kiran and less in sulia. In order to evaluate the claim, we need to find more evidence about the recommendations, the influence of kiran and sulia food.
中间段
To begin with, we need some evidence about the recommendation's actual influence. The author merely points out that people's eating habits are more close to the recommendation. There is great possibility that although the food is health, people less likely to do sports. When they finish eating, they just go to sleep, or in their spare time, they stay behind the television instead of go for a walk. These spiritless life habits can also harm people's health even people have a proper diets. Moreover, with the development of technology, food's containing and the way they made has been changing year by year. So the static recommendations which has been last for ten years may not guide residents' eating properly, maybe with some outdated suggestions.
Secondly, we also need some evidence about the influence of the food's containing. The author says that people here prefer food consisting of more kiran rather than kiran. It is possible that the total consumption of these food production have increased, but the average sales for every individuals have decreased. Thus, the increase consumption of healthy food does not make any improvement on every single people. Besides, the food containing the kiran may not have the same effects on people's health compared to the results from the laboratory. With many other uncontrolled factors in people's daily life, the effect of kiran has been counterproductive maybe like air pollution or the nervous spirit among the residents. Without evidence that can eliminating other factors, we cannot say the increasing consumption of kiran's food can make people healthier.
Thirdly, we still need evidence that cholesterol is the drive factor of disease here. The author just correlate the less cholesterol with healthy lifestyle. Just like the speculation above, if people here like drinking or they are under the pressure from their work, food with less cholesterol does not stand that people here have a healthier lifestyle which actually omits many clandestine factors. So if the director of the government just rely on this, their optimistic policy about improving people's health will meet some trouble in the future.
结尾
In a nutshell, the author claim residents live in Forsythe have a healthier lifestyle. But actually, to stand for this claim, we need more evidence about the actual influence about the recommendation and food containing on people's daily life instead of from the assumption or the laboratory.
============正文分割线==============
中间段我是:
1. 我还需要什么样证据.
2. 作者在 magazine 提出的 data 是什么.
3. 开始提出假设, 讨论其他可能情况
4. 总结
评价41楼:
1. 问题都找出了, 针对河流展开了三种角度进行了攻击: a. 河流是否存在 b. 河流会存在, 是否很深. c. 河流很深, 船是否存在
2. 建议:
a. 关于开头引导语:
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1795787-1-1.html
b. 这篇文章比较适合层层递进, 因为攻击点都是一环接一环, 不是一个并列的状态.
c. 那种层层递进的状态感觉是先说一个错误, 然后假设这个错误成立, 但是还是有其他的错误出现. 说的那篇 Argument 无论怎么样都是有问题的, 这个需要你自己按照轻重缓急排好序
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