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动词的时态
3)句型
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了""早该……了"
It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4 一般将来时
1)shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2)be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3)be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
5 be going to / will
用于条件句时,be going to表将来
will表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon aspossible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you infront of the mirror.
6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
10 比较过去时与现在完成时
1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in pastyears, always,
不确定的时间状语
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
11 用于现在完成时的句型
1)It isthe first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)Thisis the… that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意:并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years.
(我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.
(现在我仍在这里工作。)
14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历;
瞬间动词表示行为的结
果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I've known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2)用于till/ until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到 ……,才……"
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock.
他一直睡到10点。
16 用一般过去时代替完成时
1)两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse, she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3)叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
18 现在进行时
b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
d. 与always,constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
23 一般现在时代替过去时
1 )"书上说","报纸上说"等。
The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow.
报纸上说明天会很冷的。
2) 叙述往事,使其生动。
Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.
24 一般现在时代替完成时
2) 句型" It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"
It is (= has been) five years since we last met.
28 时态与时间状语
时间状语
一般现在时every…, sometimes, at …, on Sunday,
一般过去时yesterday,last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now
一般将来时next…,tomorrow, in+时间,
现在完成时for,since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years,always, recently
过去完成时before,by, until, when, after, once, as soon as
过去进行时thismorning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening…when, while
将来进行时soon,tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days,tomorrow evening |
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