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发表于 2010-12-26 21:41:34 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

本帖最后由 hfyyelaine 于 2010-12-26 21:48 编辑

ISSUE188 Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and, eventually, to change it.

1. The ability to survive in a new environment is necessary, for no one can stay in familiar surroundings all the time. ( Children left their parents and are sent to the nursing home, their abilities to communicate with strangers and make new friends is trained, which is important for their whole lives.)
如何在一个新环境中生存是很必要的能力，因为没有人能够永远处在自己熟悉的环境下。（孩子都要离开家长去幼儿园，在那里他们训练和陌生人沟通以及交朋友的能力，这对他们以后的发展是很有利的。）

2.To change the environment is also an essential ability for success. Because in a new environment, conditions are always lack, to change it is to create what is needed to achieve.
改变环境对于成功也是很重要的，因为在新环境中，难免缺少成功的条件，就必须自己创造条件。

3. But it is not enough for success. It is also indispensable to learn to fit in a new environment, which means to change oneself. Compromise is needed to cater the requirements of environment, which is a process to enrich oneself. (
但是仅仅这样是不够的。适应环境、改变自己也是不可缺少的。为了适应新环境的需要，妥协有时候是必须的，这也是不断丰富自己的过程。

4.Sometimes environment is so strong that we cannot change it but get along with it. ( A foreigner can hardly change anything about the new country but to adjust
并且，有时候，我们是没有办法改变环境的，所以必须得适应。

ISSUE 20 National governments should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults.

1.National governments have the obligation to pay attention to the programs and services to children because they are hopes of a society.
对于儿童的投入是很重要的，因为儿童的成长关系到一个国家和社会的未来

2.But with the limited resources, too much emphasis to children may lead to a lack of other aspects, which may prohibit the comprehensive development of a country.
但是，如果在对儿童投入过多，会造成其他方面的资源不足，也不利于一个社会的发展，因为资源的总量都是有限的

3.Adults decide what a society is like today so they deserve the programs and services of governments.
成年人是一个社会的顶梁柱，也应该给予足够重视

4.Upon the evaluation of programs and services, the ultimate standard is the importance of the programs but not the target groups
.在评估项目和服务时，不能仅仅根据是服务儿童还是成年人这一单一的标准，而应该从项目的重要性和紧迫性着眼。

ISSUE 92 In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information.

1. Recognization of the limits of our knowledge helps to learn the history, development and future of any area.
只有认识到了领域或者专业的局限，才能够了解目前学科发展的状况和未来发展的空间（举例：每一篇论文的第一个部分都是文献综述，文献综述的一大目的就是通过对已有研究的梳理、总结，发现前人做过的研究和不足，了解该领域的过去和努力的方向）

2.To understand the limits motivates programs.
认识局限是获取新知识的动力（如果一个领域没有认识到不足，就会止步不前)

3.Development and improvement always originate from the combination of self-clarification and new information.
1)More limits would be exposed during the programs. 2) Fresh ideas often come out from the effort to break the limits.
实际上，一个领域进步的过程，正是把了解局限和获取新知识相结合。
1）在不断获取的同时，可以发现过去的局限，2）在反思和总结中，也能够获得新的体会。

Argument94 The following appeared in a memo from the president of Bower Builders, a company that constructs new homes.

"A nationwide survey reveals that the two most desired home features are a bathroom with a whirlpool tub and a large kitchen. Homes in a nearby development built by our competitor, Domus Construction, have whirlpool tubs and have sold much faster and at significantly higher prices than the average. To increase our sales and profits, we should include whirlpool tubs and larger kitchens as standard features in all our new homes. Since our recent buyers have voiced no complaints about small yards, we can also increase profits by decreasing the size of our yards."

1.The nationwide survey cannot represent the condition in any district. 全国的调查不能代表某个特定地区的情况

2.There are some other factors that contribute to the better sales of Domus Construction.D地的高售价可能是由其他因素导致的（通货膨胀、人口增多、政策等等）

3.The cost of whirlpool tub and large kitchen have not been considered, which may lead to a decrease of benefit.（厨房和浴缸的成本没有考虑，有可能反而会导致利润减少）

4. The fact that no complaints about small yards does not guarantee buyers’ satisfaction.
In addition, more potential buyers may care about the size of yards.（没有投诉不代表大家都满意，再者，可能很多潜在客户是对庭院的大小有要求的）

Argument221.The following appeared in the editorial section of a student newspaper.

"In a recent survey, most students who were studying beginning Russian gave higher course-evaluation ratings to classes taught by non-native Russian speakers than to classes taught by native Russian speakers. The reason that the non-native speakers were better teachers of Russian is easy to see: the non-native speakers learned Russian later in life themselves, and so they have a better understanding of how the language can be taught effectively. Therefore, in order to improve instruction for all languages and also save money, our university should hire non-native speakers as language instructors instead of trying to find and recruit native speakers."

1. The statistics about the survey is too vague to support the arguer’s opinion. The students studying beginning Russian cannot represent all foreign language learners.调查的数据太模糊了。初级俄语的学生部能代表全部的外语学习者。

2. Higher course-evaluation does not means to higher quality of class. 高的课堂评价不代表课堂质量高。

3. No evidence is given that non-native speakers are cheaper than native speakers.（并没有提及非母语老师比母语老师的工资低）

4. Self learning do no guarantee a higher understanding of how the language can be taught effectively.（自学不一定明白怎么教最好）