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本帖最后由 谦秋在元 于 2013-2-16 13:58 编辑
ART HISTORY QUESTION LIST
WRITE FIVE ONE-HOUR ESSAY IN AT LEAST FOUR OF THE FOLLOWING NINE FIELDS:
AFRICAN, AMERICAN, ANCIENT, ASIAN, BAROQUE & 18TH CENTURY, ISLAMIC, MEDIEVAL, MODERN, RENAISSANCE
African
1) Identify these works of art (date, culture, and country of origin). Use this pair of images to discuss issues of authenticity and tradition and how they relate to African Art. Your essay should consider some of the problems at play with these issues, their implications for the study of African art, as well as alternative paradigms for thinking about African art with specific reference to these works.
2) Between the 1960s and the 1990s, South African artists often dedicated themselves to making work that exposed the injustices of apartheid. Select at least four South African artists who worked during the apartheid period and dealt with such issues as individual and collective responsibility, racial classification, and violent oppression. Discuss their work in relation to the history of apartheid.
American
1) What role did ornament play in the development of architecture in the United States from the second half of the nineteenth century onward? Choose at least four architects or writers who used ornament to advance their ideas and discuss the changing nature of the role and the form of ornament in this period. How did ornament engage or suppress other innovations in these years? Cite specific examples to support your argument.
2) Discuss modernism and modernity in the work of five of the following early- and mid-20th-century artists. Mention at least two works for each artist:
Marcel Duchamp
Man Ray
Alfred Stieglitz
Max Weber
Stuart Davis
Georgia O'Keeffe
Charles Demuth
Jacob Lawrence
Ancient
1) Consider the development and roles of the made nude in Greek art. Discuss its origins, contexts, meanings, relationships to everyday life, and contributions to concepts of representation. Use four specific examples.
2) Identify these three murals and use them as the basis of an essay discussing the evolution of Roman wall painting during the first century BCE and the first century CE.
Asian
1) Discuss the transmission of Buddhist arts across Asia during the Chinese Tang dynasty (618-907). Why was this a prime moment of cultural movement and communication, and what were the types and styles of work that migrated? Use specific works in your answer and refer to at least three cultures.
2) Rakuchu rakugai folding screens depicting the city of Kyoto first appeared in the early sixteenth century and experienced a boom in the seventeenth century. Representing a new subject in genre painting, these screens share a number of formal properties, such as format, perspective, organization, style, and scale. Discuss these properties and the ways in which they expressed unprecedented visions of the city.
Baroque and Eighteenth Century
1) Discuss the importance of portraiture in Rembrandt's work and the Dutch pictorial tradition. Consider institutional, family, and individual portraits, as well as self-portraits, and include examples of both painting and printmaking.
2) To what extent did the Counter-Reformation shape the development of the arts in seventeenth-century Europe? Include examples of painting, sculpture, and architecture from Italy, Spain, and The Netherlands.
Islamic
1) Compare the Ottoman and Safavid painting traditions in terms of style, subject matter, and patronage. Use at least four specific examples to make your point.
2) Discuss the relationship between Umayyad monuments, such as the Dome of the Rock and the Great Mosque of Damascus, and the visual cultures of the Late Antique Mediterranean and the Sassanian worlds. In your answer consider building techniques, decorative programs, floor plans, iconography, location, and function.
Medieval
1) Why is the Saint-Denic Abbey often described as the springboard of the Gothic?
2) Compare and contrast these three images of the Virgin and Christ.
Modern
1) Choosing three artists, each from a different European nation, indicate aspects of change and continuity in their work before and following World War I. Discuss at least one work by each artist. Your choice may include Russian and/or Soviet artists.
2) Write and essay that explores the ways in which artists have incorporated found or discarded materials into work produced since World War II. Include a minimum of five artists from three different countries in your discussion.
Renaissance
1) Discuss the importance of the idea of the Renaissance in the development of the discipline of art history.
2) When Giorgio Vasari wrote his "Life of Michelangelo" for his multi-volume "Lives of the Artists" he described Michelangelo as "perfectly unifying the arts of painting, sculpture, and architecture in very single artwork." Assess the validity of Vasari's characterization. Select at least three examples of Michelangelo's work to support your argument.
ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY QUESTION LIST
CHOOSE FIVE QUESTIONS FROM THE FOLLOWING LIST. WRITE A ONE-HOUR ANSWER FOR EACH OF THOSE QUESTIONS. YOU MAY SUBSTITUTE ONE QUESTION FROM THE ART HISTORY QUESTION LIST AS THE REPLACEMENT FOR ONE OF THE FIVE QUESTIONS.
American architecture
In 1982, Dell Upton could assert: "Vernacular architecture is regional architecture." What architectural regions have been delineated in American? How does building practice and the character of architecture differ from region to region? What factors have been identified to explain this variation in practice?
Architectural theory, methodology and historiography
The 1920s and 1930s saw the publication of several texts dedicated to what, at the time, was labeled as "modern" or "new" architecture. After choosing at least two texts and authors, explain in which way this body of literature contributed to the definition of modernism in architecture.
Asian architecture
Beginning in the late 19th century and continuing up to the outbreak of the Pacific War, a major architectural concern in China and Japan was the creation of self-consciously "Asian" designs. While major institutional structures and public monuments inevitably addressed issues of national and cultural expression, some private residences and gardens also confronted the challenge. Using a minimum of three works of architecture as examples (at least one must be Chinese and at least one must be Japanese), discuss the motivations behind such designs and how they expressed "Asian-ness" stylistically and materially.
Baroque/18th century architecture
Describe the role of an emerging consumer society in shaping the architecture and cultural landscape of Europe and the American colonies during the 17th and 18th century. Consider the influence of consumption on domestic life and the shaping of public space. Discuss this impact in at least three nations or regions.
Landscape history
The Power Axis has been a common organizing feature in landscape and city planning throughout history and across the globe. Choose and identity (name, place, period, and creator) four sites from at least two different genres (a garden, an institutional complex, a city or some other landscape space) where a dominant organizational axis was used. In each case consider what determined the choice of a Power Axis, and how it symbolized the goals of both designer and client.
Museum history and theory
National identity has been used to supplement stylistic development and period as categories of display at major museums. With reference to at least one specific museum, consider the strengths and weaknesses of displays constructed around style and period more generally and those constructed around a specific national identity. You should use particular examples in your answer.
Nineteenth century architecture
One of the major influences on nineteenth century architecture was the introduction of new materials. Using specific buildings and structures as examples, discuss the emergence and incorporation of iron, glass and steel throughout the century. What new opportunities did these materials provide, what new building types resulted from their use, and how quickly were these materials accepted in common practice? What resistance to new materials arose and how severely did these objections inhibit this development?
Preservation
The importance of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 to the development of the field of preservation is well established, but other moments and movements have been important to the shaping of the field in the United States. Choose two other moments or movements, one before and one after 1966. Then write an essay about them that demonstrates your understanding of how the climate for preservation has changed over time.
Twentieth century architecture
The Second World War had a profound impact on architectural practice and theory. By referring to specific examples illustrate the extent to which the conflict modified architecture in the immediate postwar years.
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