[题目]
56.Collectors prize the ancient life-size clay statues of human figures made on Kali Island but have long wondered how the Kalinese artists were able to depict bodies with such realistic precision. Since archeologists have recently discovered molds of human heads and hands on Kali, we can now conclude that the ancient Kalinese artists used molds of actual bodies, not sculpting tools and techniques, to create these statues. This discovery explains why Kalinese miniature statues were abstract and entirely different in style: molds could only be used for life-size sculptures. It also explains why few ancient Kalinese sculpting tools have been found. In light of this development, collectors should expect the life-size sculptures to decrease in value and the miniatures to increase in value.
[题目分析]
结论很明显:In light of this development, collectors should expect the life-size sculptures to decrease in value and the miniatures to increase in value.由于有了这一研究进展,收藏家应预见到等身雕像的贬值以及缩微雕像的升值。
稍微注意的是,希望大家上考场以后不要紧张到把we can now conclude that作为结论就行。
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同主题第八期
ARGUMENT56. Collectors prize the ancient life-size clay statues of human figures made on Kali Island but have long wondered how the Kalinese artists were able to depict bodies with such realistic precision. Since archeologists have recently discovered molds of human heads and hands on Kali, we can now conclude that the ancient Kalinese artists used molds of actual bodies, not sculpting tools and techniques, to create these statues. This discovery explains why Kalinese miniature statues were abstract and entirely different in style: molds could only be used for life-size sculptures. It also explains why few ancient Kalinese sculpting tools have been found. In light of this development, collectors should expect the life-size sculptures to decrease in value and the miniatures to increase in value.
收藏家很欣赏Kali岛出产的古代等身泥土雕像,但长期以来不清楚Kali的艺术家如何能够以如此高的精确度刻画人体。由于考古学家最近在Kali发现了人类头部和手的模具,我们现在可以得出结论:古代Kali艺术家使用真人的模子,而不是雕刻工具和技艺来塑造这些雕像。这一发现解释了为什么Kali的缩微雕像是抽象的而且风格迥异:模子只能被用于等身雕像。它同样也解释了为什么很少发现Kali的雕刻工具。由于有了这一研究进展,收藏家应预见到等身雕像的贬值以及缩微雕像的升值。
题目分析:
论据1:archeologists have recently discovered molds of human heads and hands on Kali
结论1:the ancient Kalinese artists used molds of actual bodies, not sculpting tools and techniques, to create these statues
暗含假设:molds could only be used for life-size sculptures
推论1:miniature statues were abstract and entirely different in style
推论2:few ancient Kalinese sculpting tools have been found
结论2:collectors should expect the life-size sculptures to decrease in value and the miniatures to increase in value
批驳:
1.考古学家的发现也许只是所有Kali文物的一小部分,众所周知,历史文物由于各种原因,保存的不一定是非常完整的,所以考古学家的发现很可能是少数的情况.有可能很多工具在战乱中被损坏,或者没有发掘出来,(写的时候两个顺序换一下).还有可能这些molds就不是来做雕塑的,是否可能是医生的模型?是否是从别的地方流传过来的,而不是Kali自己的雕塑?没有排除这些可能性,很难说Kali的雕塑家都是只用这些模型做的雕刻.
2.为什么Kali的缩微雕像是抽象的而且风格迥异,很可能是别的原因造成的.也许这两种的雕刻被用于不同的用途,一种用在皇宫的装饰,一种用在祭祀上边,那么祭祀用的小雕像肯定是比较抽象的.或者这两种雕像出自不同的艺术流派,造成了完全不同的风格.模子只能被用于等身雕像并不能作为这个的原因,而且其实模型的大小并不会影响艺术的创作,那时侯雕刻家也许已经具有了放大模型雕刻的能力.
3.等身雕像的贬值以及缩微雕像的升值不仅仅就能够由这个研究所决定.首先,做出这些研究的机构是否有足够的名气,或者这个研究成果是否被广泛的报道呢?如果这个研究结果很少人知道,那不足以影响这些文物的价值.同时,文物的价值不仅仅是由这些文物的制作手法来决定的,还由文物的数量,曾经的收藏人的名气,决定的.如果等身的雕像数量很少,或者一些著名的历史人物收藏过,或者微缩的雕像是很多的,并且模仿的是其他一些比较有名的艺术风格,艺术价值不如等身塑像高的话,这些价值的变化可能就不会发生.