[每日一题][ISSUE17][词句积累&讨论][20100709]

草木也知愁UID: 2487572

介绍：每天都会有版主发出新的题目，同时为了抛砖引玉，会先给你五个单词来帮助大家熟悉
          详细介绍请查看此贴相关部分 https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1119718-1-1.html

要求：请列出你关于今天这个题目能想到的WORD LIST（>10），并尽量给词汇添加例句

提示：M-W、Lingoes、Google、Wikipedia、Iciba都是很好的词汇灵感来源，请善用，并且养成习惯

TODAY'S TOPIC

ISSUE17

There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.

有两种类型的法律：公正的和不公正的。社会里每个人都有责任遵守公正的法律，但更重要的是要违抗和抵制不公正的法律。

范例：
比如今天的题目是ISSUE17 There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
那么看到题目之后，直接开动脑筋想想如果是自己写， 会用到那些词句呢？
我直接能想到的有 moral, culture, sacrifice, deserve, reward等等
查完韦氏大字典之后，我又找到了reasonable, faithful, standard, proper, upright, merit, fair, allowed等等，M-W的synonyms功能是非常强大的，如下：
然后进一步我又可以根据这些词去通过Lingoes、Google、Wikipedia等方式进一步扩展（将前面的词或者概念输入这些引擎），这样如果熟练地话，用不了十分钟时间就可以积累几十个词汇。
在找完单词之后，需要做的很重要一项工作就是把单词放进字典里查例句（用iciba即可），国内考生词汇误用的问题很大程度上是因为简单套用单词汉译英的意思，而没有考虑单词的具体用法和语境需要。所以，每找一个单词，都要附上一两个例句，并且简述一下这个词对于这个题目，可以怎么用。

草木也知愁UID: 2487572

MY WORD LIST:

1. Sacrifice
2. Proper
3. Merit
4. Unbiased
5. Nonviolent Resistance

--------------------------

Sacrifice
e.g. Her self-sacrifice saved our lives.
e.g. However,which one can I sacrifice?

Proper
e.g. through proper channels; in proper ways
e.g. executed with proper legal authority 伴随正当的法律效力而执行

Merit
e.g. The contention is without merit.
e.g. Some of the proposals have merit.

Unbiased
e.g. a fair argument; an unbiased view
e.g. A simple unbiased  account of events

Nonviolent Resistance
e.g. Martin Luther King made many adversaries in his nonviolent quest for equality.

江雪UID: 2790520

江雪’s WORD LIST:

1) disobedience
e.g. acts of smuggling committed in ~ to the commands of one’s superiors

2) fight against
e.g. Now, after her long fight against cancer, she rested in the arms of Jesus for evermore.

3) in nature
e.g. Out of these different forms of prevention, it is clear that very few are actually preventive in nature.

4) distinguish between
e.g. But this does not mean that they did not face the troublesome question Berkeley faces, of how to distinguish between illusion and reality.

谦行天下UID: 2797557

1. boycott
e.g.
We boycott some country because it hurts our feeling.

2.tort

n.

(law) any wrongdoing for which an action for damages may be brought



e.g.
Therefore, striking network tort that the activity and construction network culture having Chinese characteristics is a arduous, long-term mission.

3.elaborate
e.g.
Legal systems elaborate right and responsibilities in a variety of ways.

4.consolidated
e.g judge made law is not consolidated.

5.equality, fairness and justic
e.g. Law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness and justice.

6.enforce the law
e.g. We should improve the formulation of institutions and laws, strictly enforce the law and gradually bring market management under a system of laws and standards.

7.overrule & override the common law
e.g. He could overrule the judge made law if he thought it equitable to do so.

8.principles
e.g. This meant equity came to operate more through principles than rigid rules.

9.codify
codify their law

10.degrade
Dr. Martin Luther King. is “Any law that degrades human personality is unjust.”
[distinction]
equality:
1.the quality of being the same in quantity or measure or value or status
2.
a state of being essentially equal or equivalent; equally balanced


fairness.
conformity with rules or standards2.
ability to make judgments free from discrimination or dishonesty
3.
the property of having a naturally light complexion
4.
the quality of being good looking and attractive


justice1.
the quality of being just or fair
2.
the administration of law; the act of determining rights and assigning rewards or punishments

zhangxiaohang1UID: 2705669

MY WORD LIST:

1. justice
2. allow
3. magistrate
4. remove
5. resist
6. chaos
7. moral
8. righteous
9. obey
10.law
11.observe
1.justice

Egalitarianism,Giving people what they deserve,Fairness,Property Rights (non-coercion)/Having the right history,Welfare-maximization

Oppressive Law (tyrant):exercises an authoritarian approach to legislation that is "totally unrelated to justice", a tyrannical interpretation of law is one in which the population lives under restriction from unlawful legislation.

Justice as human creation
In contrast to the understandings canvassed so far, justice may be understood as a human creation, rather than a discovery of harmony, divine command, or natural law. This claim can be understood in a number of ways, with the fundamental division being between those who argue that justice is the creation of some humans, and those who argue that it is the creation of all humans.

e.g.The overcharged customer was angry, and with justice.
e.g.The subject is so complex that I cannot do justice to it in a brief survey.

2.allow

e.g.We allow smoking only in restricted areas.
e.g.
In calculating profit, retailers must allow for breakage and spoilage.
计算利润时，零售商们必须考虑到破碎和损坏情况

3.magistrate

The Magistrates' Courts 地方法院 * come up before the magistrate 在地方法院出庭.

4.remove

医生的报告消除了他们的一切忧虑。
The doctor's report removed all their anxieties.

5.resist

a bacterium that resisted the antibiotic.
抵抗菌素的细菌

resist the call for reform
抗拒实行改革的号召

6.chaos

The desk was a chaos of papers and unopened letters.
桌上杂乱地堆放着一些纸张和未拆的信

With no one to keep order the situation in the classroom was chaotic.
因无人维持秩序, 教室里一片混乱.

7.moral:
1.Of or concerned with the judgment of the goodness or badness of human action and character:

moral scrutiny; a moral quandary.
道德上的审查；道德上的两难局面
a person of loose morals; a decline in the public morals.
行为放荡的人；公共道德的衰落

8.Righteous
Morally upright; without guilt or sin:
emphasizes moral uprightness and especially the absence of guilt or sin;when it is applied to actions, reactions, or impulses,it often implies justifiable outrage

The abode of righteous souls after death; heaven.
善人灵魂安息的乐园正直的灵魂死后所住的地方; 天堂

Noah was a righteous man, the one blameless man of his time; he walked with God.
诺亚是一个正直的人，在当时是一个完人。他追随上帝行事。


9.obey
To carry out or fulfill the command, order, or instruction of.


The abbot told him to obey the rules.
修道院院长告诉他要遵守规定。

We must obey the decencies and attend the funeral.
我们要遵照礼仪参加葬礼。




10.law
A rule of conduct or procedure established by custom, agreement, or authority.

Ignorance of the law is no excuse.
不懂法律不是藉口。

My car's a law unto itself I can't rely on it.
我的汽车自行其是－－靠不住了。

He's always laying down the law about gardening but he really doesn't know much about it.
他总是对园艺工作发号施令，其实他只是一知半解。

11.observe

To adhere to or abide by:
遵守：遵守或服从：
observe the terms of a contract.
遵守合同的条款

This law must be strictly observed.

这项法律必须严格遵守。

xingfuhbjUID: 2769976

17"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."

1. law：(2) : the action of laws considered as a means of redressing wrongs;
also
: LITIGATION (3) : the agency of or an agent of established law
c : a rule or order that it is advisable or obligatory to observe
先来个定义没问题吧~~~
用处：Focus on （3）、（4）的advisable。先引入一下，
正是因为law是由某一agency or agent 制定的。人无完人（incidentally，这句话的英文到底怎么说呐？native的~），所以可能存在unjust的law，which need us to disobey。

2．Order: 秩序

用处：Law存在的意义和目的即使保障社会存在一个良好秩序.

3．unjust: a）: characterized by injustice : UNFAIR

The sentence of six months imprisonment was most unjust.

六个月监禁的判决极其不公。

All the rigid rule of his forebears, all the domination of an unjust social order, grip him.
父辈的严峻的法规，不公平的社会制度，把他牢牢地控制住了。

4．Disobey：to be disobedient

disobey a commanding officer

不服从指挥官
用处：Disobey的方式问题。貌似仍然是 violent & non-violent~? 而且disobey本身也是一种通过大众来修正法律的方式.

5．Criteria: a standard on which a judgment or decision may be based. 标准

Success in making money is not always a good criterion of success in life.

能挣钱并不一定是衡量人生幸福的可靠标准。
用处：评价law是不是just的标准是什么.

6．Right：something that one may properly claim as due。权利
用处：Focus on ”due”,应得的. 当law违背了basic rights时, there is a need to disobey them.

7．Obligation: something (as a formal contract, a promise, or the demands of conscience or custom) that obligates one to a course of action.义务

A compact is an agreement or binding obligation.

契约是一个协议或具有约束力的义务。
用处：与权利相对,有得到权利才有义务(这是不是算另一个ISSUE了…),当一种law只能一味的要求某一特定人群履行义务而无法给予其权利,这也是的unjust的law,不应obey.

8．Nuremberg laws:纽伦堡法. The Nuremberg Laws deprived Jews of German citizenship and prohibited marriage between Jews and other Germans. The existence of laws identifying who was Jewish made it easier for the Nazis to introduce legislation restricting Jewish rights
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws\
用处：反例.纳粹的的反犹太法案是unjust, should disobey.

9．Traffic Laws
用处：正面例子. 基本的交通法是有助于维护社会的秩序,使人们安定生活的.

10．non-violent: a philosophy and strategy for social change that rejects the use of violence. 非暴力的
用处：暴力的disobey方式通常无法取得良好和长久的效果,而且会伤害更多人.



终于考完期末了...虽然接下来的比期末要期末多了...
家里电脑米韦氏...还得临时载...
好困..爬走...明天早起continue...

江雪UID: 2790520

为嘛词句积累人气低迷呢~难道大家都用脑电波和rater沟通>_<

AneraUID: 2841768

There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
有两种类型的法律：公正的和不公正的。社会里每个人都有责任遵守公正的法律，但更重要的是要违抗和抵制不公正的法律。

My word list:

1) Justice
2) Legal system
3) Judge
4) Ethics
5) Morality
6) Fairness
7) Judgment
8) Responsibility
9) Enforce
10) Rule

Justice
Justice is the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, religion, fairness, or equity, along with the punishment of the breach of said ethics.

Legal system
The three major legal systems of the world today consist of civil law, common law and religious law.
Civil law (or civilian law) is a legal system inspired by Roman law, the primary feature of which is that laws are written into a collection, codified, and not (as in common law) determined by judges.
Common law is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals (also called case law), rather than through legislative statutes or executive branch action.
Common law is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals (also called case law), rather than through legislative statutes or executive branch action.

Judge
A judge, or arbiter of justice, is a lead who presides over a court of law, either alone or as part of a panel of judges.

Ethics
Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality—that is, concepts such as good and bad, noble and ignoble, right and wrong, justice, and virtue.

Morality
Morality is a system of conduct and ethics that is virtuous.

Fairness
Fairness is the quality of treating people equally or in a way that is reasonable.

Judgment
Judgment (or judgment[1]) is the evaluation of evidence in the making of a decision.

Responsibility
Responsibility is a duty to help or take care of somebody because of your job, position, etc.

Enforce
Coming into force (also called enforcement or enactment) refers to the process by which legislation, or part of legislation, and treaties come to have legal force and effect.

Rule
A rule is a statement of what may, must or must not be done in a particular situation or when playing a game

wangan1213UID: 2764444

MY WORD LIST:

1.law(just&unjust)
2.justice
1.law
the definition of law
a binding custom or practice of a community : a rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority(MW)
the element of law
The term "Law," in its broadest sense, means any rule of action or norm of conduct applicable to all kinds of action and to all objects of creation...in this sense therefore, it includes all laws, whether they refer to state law, physical law, divine law, and others. In a strict legal sense, law is defined as a rule of conduct, just and obligatory, laid down by legitimate authority for the common observance and benefit. Base on this definition, law has the following elements. 1. It is a rule of conduct - laws serve as guide for individual in relation to his fellowmen and to his community. 2. Laws must be just - Laws as guides for human conduct, " should run as golden threads through society, to the end that law may approach its supreme ideal which is the sway and dominance of justice." 3. It must be obligatory 4. Laws must prescribe by legitimate authority - "sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them." 5. Laws must be ordained for the common benefit - the welfare of the people is the supreme law

e.g.“Now, what is the difference between the two? How does one determine whether a law is just or unjust? A just law is a man made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God. An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law. To put it in the terms of St. Thomas Aquinas: An unjust law is a human law that is not rooted in eternal law and natural law. Any law that uplifts human personality is just. Any law that degrades human personality is unjust.”(King )
the law King had spoken of is positive law,that is the law established or recognized by governmental authority (MW)
基于上述材料得出结论：制定法的公正性不在于法律本身，而在于立法者的立场以及立法的过程。同时不同的立场对同样的法律有不同的理解，但是法律的公正性是客观存在的，是由其自身的某些特定的属性决定的，不是由人的主观意愿来判定的。
2.justice
Justice is the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, fairness, religion and/or equity. Justice is the result of the fair and proper administration of law. It is the quality of being just; in conformity to truth and reality in expressing opinions and in conduct; honesty; fidelity; impartiality or just treatment; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit.
公正即为平等，法律的公正性应该是每个人的人权都能得到保障的基本属性，即法律面前，人人平等，真正能平等对待每个人的法律一定是合理的法律，是不会违背道德伦理，不会违背人权的法律。

非正义法律的危害性
Law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice and when they fail in this purpose they become the dangerously structured dams that block the flow of social progress(Martin Luther King, Jr. )

ROse_MaryUID: 2790464

ISSUE17
There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
old words:
unjust  (unjustly, unjustness)
resoponsibility  (responsibile, responsibileness, 同义：accountable,)
obey  (obeyer)
resist  ( 同：oppose,combat, withstand,)

Rose's word list:
presupposition
judicature
dispute
amenable
sovereign
penalize
arbitration
enforce
sanction

presupposition 假设前提
e.g.
The formation of just law is the presupposition of realizing the justice value of law.
形成正义的法是实现法之正义价值的前提。
e.g.
unjustified presupposition 毫无根据的假设

judicature 裁判、司法
e.g.
On the base of just law, judicature is crucial to the realization of justice.
在此基础之上,司法是实现法之正义价值的关键环节。
e.g.
court of judicature  法庭


dispute 争论、争议
e.g. beyond dispute 毫无争议的
       a boder dispute  边界争端

amenable  经得起检验的、应服从的、有义务的
e.g.  laws are amenable to judicial review  法律是经得起司法审查的
        amenable to... 对。。顺从

sovereign n.君主，元首 a.至高无上的；有独立主权的
e.g.  repect sovereign rights  尊重国家主权

panalize  v. 处刑，宣告有罪，处罚，使不利
e.g.  
The new law penalizes the poorest members of society.
新法规对社会中最贫困者不利。
e.g.
People who drive when they are drunk should be heavily penalized.
对酒醉开车者应予重罚。

arbitration n.仲裁；公断
e.g.  
~ clause 仲裁条款

enforce vt.实施，生效，执行；强迫，迫使
e.g.
Policemen and judges enforce the law.
警察与法官执行法律。
e.g.
The intelligent property right covers noodles wide, management the section is more, weakenning to enforce the law strength invisibly, increasing to enforce the law a difficulty.
知识产权涵盖面广,管理部门较多,无形中削弱了执法力量,增加了执法难度。

sanction vt.认可 n.批准；约束力[ pl.]国际制裁
e.g.
Western nations imposed tough sanctions on the country.
西方各国对这个国家实行了严厉制裁。
e.g.
A government, on the contrary, always has a sanction, expressed or implied.
相反,一个政府永远具有制裁,不管是明定的或暗示性的。

agnes2010UID: 2794922

从简单的开始积累~~~


1、Reasonable
e.g. reasonable judgment
2、fight against
e.g. fight against heavy odds, the fight against injustice, fight against or resist strongly.
3、Fair
e.g. fair compensation, fair treatment.
4、Deserve
e.g. richly deserve (of) punishment 完全应受惩罚
5、moral
e.g. moral evaluation 道德评价 moral responsibility, moral education
6、Moderate
e.g. moderate price, moderate rainfall
7、equitable
e.g. an equitable reward, equitable treatment of all citizens; an equitable distribution of gifts among the children.
8、Impartial
e.g. impartial trial 公正的审判 impartial arbitrator 公正的仲裁人
9、unbiased 不偏不倚
e.g. a simple unbiased account of events
10、dispassionate
e.g. a dispassionate observer, a dispassionate look at a problem
11、objective
e.g. objective law, objective truth
12、injustice
e.g. revenge an injustice 对不正义采取报复, unredressed injustice 不白之冤
13、partiality
e.g. position of partiality to 偏袒……的立场, showing no partiality 大公无私的
14、merit
e.g. The contention is without merit. 这一论点没有法律依据。
15、Ethical
e.g. moral or ethical strength.
16、Equity
e.g. Principles of fair play and equity count.
17、Virtuous
e.g. recommend a virtuous and talented person 选贤举能， a virtuous circle 良性循环
18、righteous
e.g. be filled with righteous indignation 义愤填膺, do boldly what is righteous 见义勇为, burning with righteous ardour. 满腔热血在沸腾。
19、Noble
e.g. a man of noble cast 人品高尚的人

hyacinthUID: 2184492

not sure how many people have seen the movie the blind side....

i forgot the main character's name...let's call him this guy.... so this guy gets an A+ or something on his paper because he makes good points not because he use good words...

so my point is ... i feel like the first thing you do when you see the topic is to think about the structure / outline, what examples you could use & what counterarguments you could use...

thinking about what words you should use is just not very conventional...

when i was little, my father tried to help me with my writing skills... he would give me a list of words and ask me to use all of them in my essay...    I feel like this is more of CREATIVE writing than ANALYTICAL writing (aka, AW).

I think the right way to do is build up your vocabulary, and when you are done with one essay, find the proper fancy words or idiom to substitute those simple words in your first draft.... not the other way around...

Just my two cents and the way i did it... ; ))

hyacinthUID: 2184492

Plus,

I feel like since it's called AW, an insightful argument or issue essay could earn a score of 5 without using fancy words... but a crap essay (logic-wise) built up with fancy words is at most worth of 3....

草木也知愁UID: 2487572

not sure how many people have seen the movie the blind side....

i forgot the main character's name...let's call him this guy.... so this guy gets an A+ or something on his paper because he makes go ...
hyacinth 发表于 2010-7-11 10:29

有专门的例子贴的 这些积累同步进行~

hyacinthUID: 2184492

ok...i didnt do my research on this....


but GRE作文互动论坛 is so whoa....

good job everyone!!!