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这是偶的第一篇,不过是正文部分,恳请各位指正!!!
观点是:有一些学科是需要外来经验的(1,2段);但并非只要有外来经验就能有重大突破,还需要对该领域的探索(第3段)。
ISSUE 4
Consider how the knowledge in the field of urban, city, and town planning-aimed at exploring a wide range of aspects of the built and social environments of urbanized municipalities and communities-is enhanced not only by architects, but also by ecologists, demographers, civil engineers, economists and so forth. By testing the geographic condition, architects and civil engineers can plan the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and natural built environment, such as buildings, roads, dams, canals, and so forth. Moreover, urban aesthetics has been increasingly underscored nowadays as people are paying significant attention to the beauty of the entire environment and design of the city. Therefore, we also need this kind of aesthetes. At the same time, ecology of the city cannot be ignored. Ecologists help manage the flux of materials and energy through living communities, sustain the successive development of ecosystems, and maintain the abundance and arrange the distribution of biodiversity in context of the environment. Also, demographers are indispensable. These experts deal with the city's population problem, pertaining to birth, migration, aging and death, to ensure the city's population condition under a normal level. By the same taken, economists are needed to solve the problems of marketing, trade, finance exchange, job seeking and so on.
An even more striking example of how expertise in diverse fields can promote progress in knowledge of one certain area involves the study of assurance. To look deep into the study of assurance, one should acquire the knowledge of statistics, business management as well as economic and financial theories. Statistics help realize and identify the characteristics of population change, such as birth, migration, aging, and death, therefore provide a strong base on which assurance fees are determined, profits can be predicted and the company's running range can be decided. At the same time, business management is also needed to help company running. Also, economics and finance condition should be always kept track of, since the company's most important running part contains invest. Stocks, securities, inflation, deflation, international trades, exchange rates and so forth should be realized totally and deeply.
However, it may hardly be comprehensively justifiable to conclude that expertise in other various fields is the one and only key approach to the significant advance in knowledge of one certain field. Instead, intrinsic exploration of the certain field is no less important and essential than outside knowledge and experience, which, at best, only play a role as tools and guidance rather than the key for deciphering the mysteries of the certain field. Consider statistics as an example. Although statistics-a kind of science pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data-originates from mathematics and astronomy and nowadays depends on mathematical disciplines, computer engineer, and program design to develop quickly, it still need the intrinsic exploration and study to amplify its own compass and deepen its own depth. Without the creation and examination of various statistical methods, this kind of science is nothing other than a desultory and cursory collection of mathematical and computer disciplines, thereby losing its meaning and necessity of existence. |
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