KG对“标点符号”的阅读

lghscuUID: 2552043

PUNCTUATION

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Insert a comma “,” wherever there would be a slight pause between words or phrases in the spoken sentence.(短暂性停顿间)

• Insert a semicolon “;” between two parts of a sentence; the proviso<an article or clause (as in a contract) that introduces a condition > is that both parts must be able to stand alone as separate sentences. <used chiefly in a coordinating function between major sentence elements (as independent clauses of a compound sentence)>(分号前后可独立成句)
• 
  
• Use a colon “:” to introduce an explanation or an example of something: here is an example. If there are several simple explanations or examples, separate them with commas; otherwise, use semicolons. (冒号后带解释性explanation或例子example成份，各成份间用”,”，如果只有两个成份则用”;”)
• Avoid excessive use of parentheses “( )”. Use them to make an aside (an extra remark) only if commas could be confusing. Never use parentheses within parentheses: find another way of saying it. (能用逗号，绝不用括号，尽量少用括号；括号内不能嵌套使用)
• Use brackets “[ ]” for material inserted into a quotation and ellipsis (three dots) for material omitted: According to Smith (1999), "few such [descriptive] studies were done… before 1950." (在引用中需要增加成份时，用[]括号括起)
• 
  
• Use dashes--two hyphens with no spaces anywhere--for emphatic asides.
• Use one or two spaces after a period, colon, or semicolon. Note, though, that Web browsers delete more than one space unless you make them non-breaking spaces.
• Use double quotation marks (") for speech and verbatim quotations. (演讲或直接引用时需要加” " ”)
• If a quotation is long, type it as an indented block of text without quotation marks, as shown in this example:<大量引用时，直接另起一段，注意缩进。“草木也知愁“在点评XXX时用得比较多>
  According to Smith (1982)...

The "newbie effect" disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner. Examples of methods included indirect observation, self-reports, and retrospective questionnaires. (p. 276)

• Use double quotation marks the first time you introduce a newly coined or slang term; do not use quotation marks thereafter. (没看懂)
• Don't use "smart quotes" (66 and 99), because they create problems when translated into Web documents.
• Use single quotation marks (') for quotes within quotes.
• Use the apostrophe (') to denote possession:
  an athlete's responses, two athletes' responses.
  But note that its = of it, whereas it's = it is.
• Put commas, semicolons, colons, and periods outside closing quotation marks: "this", for example, but not "this," or "this." Exception: "If the quotation ends in a complete sentence, the period is part of the quote and should therefore go inside the quotation marks, like this." [APA: all punctuation goes within the quotation marks.] (使用引号时，末尾的标点位置取决于句子成份的完整性)
• Use of and/or instead of or is acceptable when you want to emphasize either or both. (这个在本次论文写作中用到了，呵呵)
• The forward slash (/) can be used instead of or in sentences that are already replete with ands and/or ors.
• Use Title Case (initial upper-case letters for words of four or more letters) in:
  • the title and subheadings of your article;
  • titles of journals;
  • titles of books or articles in the text, but not in the reference list;
  • proper nouns, including trade names (Wilks's lambda, Aspro, the Web and a Web site, but not in a website);
  • names of tests (the Stroop Color-Word Test);
  • nouns followed by numbers (on Day 2, in Group B) but not in the control group;
  • names of institutional departments (Department of Sport Science, University of Wherever), but not of disciplines (a department of sport science);
  • references to sections of the article (in the Methods section; see Results; in Figure 1; in Table 2; see Appendix 3; in Chapter 4).

lghscuUID: 2552043

1# lghscu
字体都长成这个样子了？无语