1006G[REBORN FROM THE ASHES组]备考日记 by windandrain2004——机会永远只有一次

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

这是我的二战了。一战AW只有3，加上Verbal极其杯具，于是不得不二战，还好刚上大三现在还有时间。打算报明年的2月底，目前尚未报名，大概在下周就开始报名了，先开始备考～～
希望这次的成绩能有所突破，感谢大家支持～

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

留空～

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（1）20 Questions for Writers 学习笔记 by windandrain2004

今天第一天，开门红，放上我最喜欢的审题20问~
1
这20个问题是我写文章的大爱
1
凡事一篇文章，无论第一看多么的恶心，静下心来用这20个问题问过自己去，都能找到思路
1
然后再和几个朋友做一下brainstorming和即时辩论，保证一篇很好的提纲就能做出来
1
As a writer, you can begin by asking yourself questions and then answering them. Your answers will bring your subject into focus and provide you with the material to develop your topic. Here are twenty questions or "thought starters" that present ways of observing or thinking about your topic. Each question generates the type of essay listed in parentheses after the question.
1
1. What does X mean? (Definition)
定义，这个是最重要的了，很多时候我都拿它来作为topic。1
2. What are the various features of X? (Description)
1
3. What are the component parts of X? (Simple Analysis)
1
4. How is X made or done? (Process Analysis)
1
5. How should X be made or done? (Directional Analysis)
X本来应该是怎么做的？这个问题常常会被忽略。写文章的时候很少会想到这个方面，一般都会想到4而忽略了5。
6. What is the essential function of X? (Functional Analysis)
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7. What are the causes of X? (Causal Analysis) BE EACW
1
8. What are the consequences of X? (Causal Analysis)
类似7和8这类问题，常常会顾此失彼。有时会一味地探求原因或者纯粹地对结果感兴趣。事实上事情的因果是非常重要的，对X的起因以及所带来的结果的分析，能够很好的综合X的各方面特征，也是对作者对X的了解程度的一个综合性的考察。
9. What are the types of X? (Classification)
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10. How is X like or unlike Y? (Comparison)
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11. What is the present status of X? (Comparison)
比较的重要性是不言而喻的。对于一些定义不太清晰明了或者定义非常复杂的X，单独写X会非常困难，但是通过比较的办法就很容易描述了。
12. What is the significance of X? (Interpretation)
1
13. What are the facts about X? (Reportage)
这个其实和问题2有些类似，但是主要用于描述事件类的X，会有更清晰的思路。
14. How did X happen? (Narration)
1
15. What kind of person is X? (Characterization/Profile)
1
16. What is my personal response to X? (Reflection)
1
17. What is my memory of X? (Reminiscence)
其实这个不是太懂，my memory么？难道之前的所有分析不是从my memory里来的么？不过这个可能对记人类的文章比较适用吧，将作者自己的观点写进去。1
18. What is the value of X? (Evaluation)
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19. What are the essential major points or features of X? (Summary)
1
20. What case can be made for or against X? (Persuasion)

标出绿色的都是自己常常会忽略的问题，因而某些文章会卡在审题上，今后要多多注意思考这些问题~

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（2）Writing Anxiety 学习笔记 by windandrain2004

呵呵 讲解第二天 逐步开始渗透进入effective writting

写作之前，我们要做什么？

咳咳，吃饱喝足

然后呢？

上手就写？呵呵，心情激荡啊~我们要学会利用这个时候的心理动态

然后去更好得进行写作

and then here is today's topic——Coping with Writing Anxiety

多一句废话，这个对iBT的口语空闲时间的准备也很有指导意义

Coping with Writing Anxiety

Many situations or activities, such as writing, taking tests, competing in sports, or speaking before a large audience, may make us anxious or apprehensive. It's important to remember that a moderate level of anxiety is helpful and productive. That flow of adrenaline is a natural response that helps get us ready for action. Without it, we might not perform as well.

If we let our anxiety overwhelm us, it can cause problems. If we control that anxiety, however, we can make it work for us. One way to do that is to use some of the coping strategies listed below.

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Coping Strategies:

• Focus your energy by rehearsing the task in your head.
• Consciously stop the non-productive comments（没用的思路） running through your head by replacing them with productive ones.

      其实以上这两条对于考试比较实在，下面的工作对于考试个人感觉就不太实用了，毕竟时间有限。但是对于平时的写作，一些rituals也是非常有用的。

• If you have some "rituals（仪式）" for writing success, use them.

Examples:

• -Follow a protocol you may have for organizing your time. Use a favorite pen if you have one. （回忆模板，摸摸自己的幸运物）

• -Spend a few minutes doing some relaxation exercises. （做运动）
• -Take a break: physically walk away from the situation for a few minutes if you can. （溜达溜达）

Relaxation Strategies

• Stretch伸展! If you can't stand up, stretch as many muscle groups as possible while staying seated. （不要吓到邻座...）
• Try tensing and releasing various muscle groups. Starting from your toes, tense up for perhaps five to ten seconds and then let go. Relax and then go on to another muscle group.
• Breathe deeply. Close your eyes; then, fill your chest cavity slowly by taking four of five short deep breaths. Hold each breath until it hurts, and then let it out slowly.
• Use a calming word or mental image to focus on while relaxing. If you choose a word, be careful not to use an imperative. Don't command yourself to "Calm down!" or "Relax!"

在考场上，其实比较有用的还是这句话"-Follow a protocol you may have for organizing your time. Use a favorite pen if you have one. "

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（3）Writer's Block    学习笔记 by windandrain2004

接着上次的那个Writing Anxiety 这里更进一步去做Writer's Block的介绍 不废话了 诸位看官上眼~ 我比较喜欢把这个称为：对于神经性写作便秘的症状介绍及治疗建议 very very 强大! Symptoms and Cures for Writer's Block  对于神经性写作便秘的症状介绍及治疗建议 Because writers have various ways of writing, a variety of things can cause a writer to experience anxiety, and sometimes this anxiety leads to writer's block. Often a solution can be found by speaking with your instructor (if you are in school), or a writing tutor. There are some common causes of writer's block, however, and when you are blocked, consider these causes and try the strategies that sound most promising: Symptom You have attempted to begin a paper without doing any preliminary work such as brainstorming or outlining... 其实这个对于一般的GRE考试倒是不可能，不过有些裸考的考试倒是会遇到，比如CET4或者CET6~ Possible Cures Use invention strategies suggested by a tutor or teacher Write down all the primary ideas you'd like to express and then fill in each with the smaller ideas that make up each primary idea. This can easily be converted into an outline Symptom You have chosen or been assigned a topic which bores you.... Issue里的那些当年偶新东方的老师说的“没感觉，没戏儿”的题目大概就是这些吧。 Possible Cures Choose a particular aspect of the topic you are interested in (if the writing situation will allow it...i.e. if the goal of your writing can be adjusted and is not given to you specifically, or if the teacher or project coordinator will allow it) Talk to a tutor about how you can personalize a topic to make it more interesting 在考场上，讨论当然是不可能的，不过talk to a tutor还是很有益处的，毕竟我们在平时写作的次数会远大于一次GRE考试吧。 Symptom You don't want to spend time writing or don't understand the assignment... 毕竟还是要考试哈~ Possible Cures Resign yourself to the fact that you have to write Find out what is expected of you (consult a teacher, textbook, student, tutor, or project coordinator) Look at some of the strategies for writing anxiety listed below Symptom You are anxious about writing the paper... Possible Cures Focus your energy by rehearsing the task in your head. Consciously stop the non-productive comments running through your head by replacing them with productive ones. If you have some "rituals" for writing success (chewing gum, listening to jazz etc.), use them. Symptom You are so stressed out you can't seem to put a word on the page... Possible Cures Stretch! If you can't stand up, stretch as many muscle groups as possible while staying seated. Try tensing and releasing various muscle groups. Starting from your toes, tense up for perhaps five to ten seconds and then let go. Relax and then go on to another muscle group. Breathe deeply. Close your eyes; then, fill your chest cavity slowly by taking four of five short deep breaths. Hold each breath until it hurts, and then let it out slowly. Use a calming word or mental image to focus on while relaxing. If you choose a word, be careful not to use an imperative. Don't command yourself to "Calm down!" or "Relax!" Symptom You're self-conscious about your writing, you may have trouble getting started. So, if you're preoccupied with the idea that you have to write about a subject and feel you probably won't express yourself well... Possible Cures Talk over the subject with a friend or tutor. assure yourself that the first draft doesn't have to be a work of genius, it is something to work with.      刚开始着手写AW的时候要有这种觉悟 Force yourself to write down something, however poorly worded, that approximates your thought (you can revise this later) and go on with the next idea.      这是必须得，话说作文都是逼出来的，不逼出不来。 Break the task up into steps. Meet the general purpose first, and then flesh out the more specific aspects later.      把题目分解，然后再分解，这点对AW的提纲非常重要，毕竟是写分析性的文章。我平时的I和A都是这么弄的，虽然有的时候分不出那么多的点，但是分点写作确实能很快帮助我上手。 Try one of the strategies on the next page of this resource. Other Strategies for Getting Over Writer's BlockIf you have tried the other strategies and are still having problems, try some of these general techniques for getting over writer's block. These strategies will prove more helpful when you're drafting your writing. Begin in the MiddleStart writing at whatever point you like. If you want to begin in the middle, fine. Leave the introduction or first section until later. The reader will never know that you wrote the paper "backwards." Besides, some writers routinely save the introduction until later when they have a clearer idea of what the main idea and purpose of the piece will be. Talk Out the PaperTalking feels less artificial than writing to some people. Talk about what you want to write someone—your teacher, a friend, a roommate, or a tutor. Just pick someone who's willing to give you fifteen to thirty minutes to talk about the topic and whose main aim is to help you start writing. Have the person take notes while you talk or tape your conversation. Talking will be helpful because you'll probably be more natural and spontaneous in speech than in writing. Your listener can ask questions and guide you as you speak, and you'll be more likely to relax and say something unpredictable than if that you were sitting and forcing yourself to write. Tape the PaperTalk into a tape recorder, imagining your audience sitting in front of you. Then, transcribe the tape-recorded material. You'll at least have some ideas written down to work with and move around. Change the AudiencePretend that you're writing to a child, to a close friend, to a parent, to a person who sharply disagrees with you, or to someone who's new to the subject and needs to have you explain your paper's topic slowly and clearly. Changing the audience can clarify your purpose and can also make you feel more comfortable and help you write more easily. Play a RolePretend you are someone else writing the paper. For instance, if you have been asked to write about sexist advertising, assume you are the president of the National Organization of Women. Or, pretend you are the president of a major oil company asked to defend the high price of oil. Consider being someone in another time period, or someone with a wildly different perspective from your own. Pulling yourself out of your usual perspective can help you see things that are otherwise invisible or difficult to articulate, and your writing will be stronger for it. 这些“Other Strategies”就和上一篇中的基本一样了~

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

今天在学习语法和文法相关的文章，并做笔记。
这些文章都写得不错，不过只看一遍似乎印象不怎么深，看来以后得多多复习才是。以后在写AW的时候这些文章应该要经常看。
昨天凌晨左右加入小组的，这周要尽量把这些作业赶起来。感觉这些作业还是挺有分量而且很有用。

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（4）start to write

呵呵，这个不多说了，虽然貌似有些空旷 但是我保证，只要你静下心来 好好读三遍 会有很清晰的感觉的 然后文思如泉涌，想要动笔去试试 呵呵 试试啦~ Planning (Invention): when you start to write You can try the textbook formula: I. State your thesis. II. Write an outline. III. Write the first draft. IV. Revise and polish. . . . but that often doesn't work! 其实有的时候这个也是能work的，我就经常这么干，虽然效果并不是太好，但是也能勉强凑一篇文章出来，但是如果追求质量就不是太好办了。 Instead, you can try one or more of these strategies: Ask yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject. There are many "correct" things to write about for any subject, but you need to narrow down your choices. For example, your topic might be "dorm food." At this point, you and your potential reader are asking the same question, "So what?" Why should you write about this, and why should anyone read it? Do you want the reader to pity you because of the intolerable food you have to eat there? Do you want to analyze large-scale institutional cooking? Do you want to compare Purdue's dorm food to that served at Indiana University? 这就是所谓的换角度思考吧，下面的Start the ideas flowing里面也有类似的方案，站在读者的角度去考虑问题，能够有更多的思路。自己平时写的东西都不会仔细去分析这些东西，应该要通过各种途径加强这些。 Ask yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose. How, for example, would you achieve your purpose if you wanted to describe some movie as the best you've ever seen? Would you define for yourself a specific means of doing so? Would your comments on the movie go beyond merely telling the reader that you really liked it? Start the ideas flowing Brainstorm. Gather as many good and bad ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences, false starts, etc. as you can. Perhaps some friends can join in. Jot down everything that comes to mind, including material you are sure you will throw out. Be ready to keep adding to the list at odd moments as ideas continue to come to mind. 以前都是一个人做brainstorm的，貌似这么干效果不太好，以后似乎要多找一些人来brainstorm了~~ Talk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone -- or by several people, if possible (to give yourself the opportunity of considering a subject from several different points of view).（这里也是换角度思考） What questions would the other person ask? You might also try to teach the subject to a group or class. See if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas. Build your analogy by using the word like. For example, if you are writing about violence on television, is that violence like clowns fighting in a carnival act (that is, we know that no one is really getting hurt)? 这里也是类比么，和第一讲里的一条类似~~类比果然还是很强大的方法 Take a rest and let it all percolate. 呵呵这个在考试中间可没有这么多时间 Nutshell your whole idea. Tell it to someone in three or four sentences. 需要小结一下idea，有的时候是很难做到的。idea不清晰的时候用很多话都没法表达清楚。 Diagram your major points somehow. Make a tree, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematic representation of what you have. You may discover the need for more material in some places. 话说我从来没有做过这种事，都是想了之后就糊里糊涂地去写了。如今看来缺陷很大。类似列图表这样的方法能够在行文之前就把所缺少的材料和观点理清并且补齐使得行文更加流畅，这个是我需要多多学习的。 Write a first draft. Then, if possible, put it away. Later, read it aloud or to yourself as if you were someone else. Watch especially for the need to clarify or add more information. You may find yourself jumping back and forth among these various strategies. You may find that one works better than another. You may find yourself trying several strategies at once. If so, then you are probably doing something right!

总之无论如何，得写一篇文章出来然后各种挑错~

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

备考日志拉下好多天了～～前几天一直在弄别的事，太忙了～
这几天得着手把作业全给补掉了～～

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

今天看到草木大这个帖子，如果我当时也有类似这么刻苦地按照某种自己制定地计划来做的话，10G估计就不会这么惨了～～不想了～还是复习复习吧～
帖子留下，最后可以参考使用的～
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-962759-1-1.html

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（5）Writing With Computers  学习笔记 by windandrain2004

要被打了。。。这么久还没有开始正题，一直在做前期的东西。。。

今天冒风险再做一个前期的闷骚介绍

这个问题大家都会遇到的

用电脑写作 所有人开始都不适应 或多或少会产生抵触心理

所以

我就唠唠叨叨贴这个啦~

看看保证你有收获

里面有些不是针对考试的，但是对大家以后的生活学习很有用的东西，也要好好看啦

Writing With Computers

Using word processing software on a computer is an efficient way to write. You can delete, revise, and cut and paste with great ease and speed, without having to retype, and you will find your drafts easier to read as you revise. Even if you cannot type well (and many successful computer users can't), a computer can be both a convenience and an aid throughout the writing process. But remember to save your files often and make a backup copy of the file, even when you've carefully saved it. Disks can fail and not open, and files can be deleted or lost.

Word processing software can aid your efforts in all aspects of the writing process:

Planning

freewriting

If freewriting or brainstorming is a useful invention strategy for you, do either invention strategy on a computer using word processing software. You can then cut and paste parts of those planning notes into a draft as needed. Some writers find that they can freewrite more easily by turning down the computer screen, so they cannot see what they type. You may also want to create separate files for different topics discovered while freewriting.

writing an e-mail message

As you think about your assignment or topic, try writing an e-mail message to a friend, to someone in your class, or to a Writing Lab tutor . Use that e-mail message to test ideas as you would in a conversation with peer group members or a tutor. Encourage the person who receives the e-mail to ask you questions that help you clarify your ideas.

making an outline

Set up headings for an outline in large bold letters. Later, as you go back and fill in the subheadings and sub points, you will be able to see the larger structure of the paper. Some word processing programs either outline for you or permit you to indicate the outline headings in a way that allows you to go back and forth between a screen showing only the headings and screens showing the detailed material within sections.

planning visually

Use a drawing or painting program to do some visual planning. To do some clustering, put a topic word or phrase in a circle in the middle of the page and then surround that circle with clusters of related ideas (also in circles). Use lines to connect these ideas to the main idea or to other sub-ideas. To try branching, another visual planning strategy, put the main idea at the top of the page and then list sub-ideas underneath the main idea with related points for each sub-idea branching off.

keeping a journal

If keeping a journal helps you, start a journal file for each assignment and include thoughts and questions that occur to you as you proceed through the writing. Include a plan for how you will proceed through the assignment, and if there are stages or steps to complete, write a "to do" list. Include phrases and ideas that occur to you and that may fit into the paper later with some cutting and pasting from one file to another. You may want to insert page breaks for different sections or thoughts.

Drafting

creating a scrapfile

As you start an assignment, make two separate files, one for the assignment itself and the other for scraps of writing that you will be collecting. As you write (or plan) use the scrap file to cut and paste anything that doesn't seem to fit in as you write. This scrap file can be a very useful storage space for material that should be deleted from the paper you are writing now but that may be useful for other writing assignments. You may also want a separate file for keywords, words that come to mind and that can be used when needed or phrases that may come in handy as section headings in your paper.

splitting screens

If you are using a Macintosh or Windows, you can have multiple files visible on your screen at the same time. Consider this strategy if it helps you to look at one bit of information while trying to create another. One box on the screen can display your outline or visual planning while another can display your draft. Or, you can keep your scrap file visible while writing a draft. Remember that you can cut, copy, and paste between files.

adding notes

As you gather material from your reading (or want to save comments to yourself about something you've written), develop a method to store this kind of material that you may or may not use. For example, put parentheses around material that might not stay in a later draft, or use bold lettering, or make use of a word processing feature that permits you to store material as notes. Be sure to delete this material when you are sure you no longer want it.

Organizing

mixing up the order of paragraphs or sentences

Make a new copy of your file. Then, in the new file, use the cut-and-paste feature to move paragraphs. You may see a better organizing principle than the principle you had been using. Do the same with sentences within paragraphs.

checking your outline

Look again at the bold-lettered headings of the outline you made during planning (or create one now), and reassess whether that outline is adequate or well organized.

staying on topic in every paragraph

Put your topic sentence at the top of each paragraph to keep the sentence in mind and not lose track of your topic.

Revising

starting at the beginning of the file

Each time you open a file, you are at the beginning of the draft. Start there when you are drafting and revising and read until you come to a section where you will be working. That rereading has several advantages for you. It helps you get back into the flow of thought, and it permits you to review what you've written so that you can revise as you read forward. But be careful not to get caught up in endless revising of the beginning of the paper, especially if like some writers, you find that you need to write the whole paper before you can write the introduction.

renaming a file

Each time you open your file, save it as a different file so that you always know which is the most recent version you've worked on. If your first draft is Draft I, the next time you open that file, save it as Draft II.

saving copies of material to cut and paste

When you are moving large blocks of text, highlight what you are going to move and make a copy for your clipboard before moving. if you lose the portion you are moving, you still have a copy available.

printing out hard copies to read

It may help you to look at a printed copy of your paper as you revise, so you can see the paper's development and organization.

resisting the neat appearance of a printout

If you print out a draft of your paper, resist the temptation to hand in that draft because it looks neat and seems to have a finished appearance.

using page or print view to check paragraphs

Switch to the page or print view so that you can see the whole view of each page on screen. Do the paragraphs look to be about the same length? Does one look noticeably shorter than the others? Does it need more development? Is there a paragraph that seems to be disproportionately long?

highlighting sentence length

Make a copy of your main file and, using that copy, hit the return key after each sentence so that each looks like a separate paragraph. Are all of your sentences the same length? Do they all start the same way and need some variety?

  

Editing and Proofreading

using online tools

A number of online tools exist, such as spell checkers, grammar checkers and style analyzers, but grammar and style checkers are not effective. Distinguishing between appropraite advice and inappropriate advice is difficult and a styke checker relies on rules you may not be familiar with. Some word processing programs include a thesaurus which is useful for looking up synonyms for words you've been using too much or for finding more specific words than the ones you have used.

changing the appearance of key features of your writing

Change active verbs to bold letters, put passive constructions in italics, use larger fonts for descriptive words, underline your thesis statement, and so on. By changing the appearance of these features, you may see that you have too many passives or that you don't have many descriptive words.

editing on hard copy

It may be easier for you to print out a draft and mark it for editing changes. If you do, put marks in the margins to indicate lines where changes are to be made, so you can easily find them again

似乎用电脑写作和文字处理软件我都比较熟悉了，这个就不细致地做笔记了～看了两遍～

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

先把文法和语法帖的汇总帖放在这儿备用了～～文法
语法

jorgeUID: 108878

Good luck with your GRE!

Regards from GTER group.

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

多谢管理员～～帖子恢复正常了～

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

今天看了一堆东西。。。文法的～～收益匪浅。。但是用iwork共享貌似会出现中文地址，会带来麻烦。。过两天把它们改了再放上来好了～～也得要翻译那个了～～

windandrain2004UID: 2597690

今天搞定了翻译了
AWintro真是详细的介绍