1006G[REBORN FROM THE ASHES组]备考日记 by LILY——坚定信念，如愿以偿！

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

嗯 好吧~！我承认 加入这个大家庭 我有点晚。。不过 我又是何等的幸运，没有与这个大家庭失之交臂~~！

最近一直在背单词 很少上网，前几天找资料的时候，突然发现了这里，经过了几天的深思熟虑之后 我终于鼓起勇气 写下自己的备考日志。。

我的英文基础比较薄弱 如果有错误或者不足 请大家严厉指正~！o(∩_∩)o  我的抗打击能力还是很强的~~o(∩_∩)o

欠下的作业也挺多 不过我会以最快的速度赶上的~！

一直对自己的作文没信心，希望参加这个小组 我能和大家一样 挑战自己 互相进步 互相监督~！

gre10月考试准备：背红宝书    看傲慢与偏见原版书 gre北美范文   美国语文（是美国的小学课本 我拿来锻炼思维的 感觉和美国人思维习惯差异很大 ）

     希望我们明年都会得到自己满意的成绩！~


       相信自己  就会创造奇迹~！

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

二楼给版主o(∩_∩)o

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第一次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1025915-1-1.html

REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第二次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1028710-1-2.html

REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第三次作业通知
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1029483-1-1.html
.
REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第四次作业通知.
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1030818-1-1.html


REBORN FROM THE ASHES 精英备考组 海选阶段 第五次作业通知.
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1033762-1-1.html

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

计划：
最近要考驾照，下午都耗在外面了，晚上回来好好学习~！
每天10 SPECTACULAR
10【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲  差不多4天完成任务把？ 加油~！

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

主谓一致：
当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
3、 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

He as well as I wants to go boating
3） 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。)

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around?
有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students likes English.
在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。

看似单数却表复数概念
①The police is searching for the robbers. (×）
②The police are searching for the robbers. (√)

[解析] the police译为“警方”，表示复数概念，而不是表示“那个警察”，因此第②句正确，类似的词有：people，the +形容词，the +姓+family等均表复数概念。

不熟悉：特别提醒 this kind of，a piece of，a bag of，a box of等，这类短语作主语时谓语动词的单复数由这些短语中的名词决定，而与它们所修饰的名词无关。
①        合成不定代词(如something，anybody等)作主语，谓语动词用单数；
②动名词、不定式、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；

But not all the information ___is____ (is) good to society.
Every girl and every boy ___has___ (have) the right to join the club.

Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（1）20 Questions for Writers
物？
1. What does X mean? (Definition)   是什么
1
2. What are the various features of X? (Description)   特性
1
3. What are the component parts of X? (Simple Analysis)   由什么
1
4. How is X made or done? (Process Analysis)         原因（过去）
1
5. How should X be made or done? (Directional Analysis)     怎么做（未来）
1
6. What is the essential function of X? (Functional Analysis)   功能（这个用的少吧？）

1事件？
7. What are the causes of X? (Causal Analysis) BE EACW   原因
1
8. What are the consequences of X? (Causal Analysis)   结论
1
9. What are the types of X? (Classification)            类型
1
10. How is X like or unlike Y? (Comparison)           
1
11. What is the present status of X? (Comparison)         现在
1
12. What is the significance of X? (Interpretation)         抓重点
1
13. What are the facts about X? (Reportage)         
1
14. How did X happen? (Narration)               怎样
1
人？
15. What kind of person is X? (Characterization/Profile)
1
16. What is my personal response to X? (Reflection)
1
17. What is my memory of X? (Reminiscence)
1事件or物？
18. What is the value of X? (Evaluation)
1
19. What are the essential major points or features of X? (Summary)
1
20. What case can be made for or against X? (Persuasion)
这绝对是让我大开眼界 从来写作文是拿来题目 发散性想一下就写提纲 从来没这么系统的想过 系统性的分析题目 大赞~！
【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（2）Writing Anxiety
•        Focus your energy by rehearsing the task in your head.
•        Consciously stop the non-productive comments（没用的思路） running through your head by replacing them with productive ones.
Follow a protocol you may have for organizing your time.
•        -Take a break: physically walk away from the situation for a few minutes if you can. （溜达溜达）（没试过 这个能有用么？）
•        Breathe deeply. Close your eyes; then, fill your chest cavity slowly by taking four of five short deep breaths. Hold each breath until it hurts, and then let it out slowly.
•        Use a calming word or mental image to focus on while relaxing. If you choose a word, be careful not to use an imperative. Don't command yourself to "Calm down!" or "Relax!"
•        其实我紧张的还是很少的 不过到时候估计gre考试的时候 不紧张是不可能的吧？！
【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（3）Writer's Block
Symptom
You're self-conscious about your writing, you may have trouble getting started. So, if you're preoccupied with the idea that you have to write about a subject and feel you probably won't express yourself well...
Possible Cures
•        Talk over the subject with a friend or tutor.
•        assure yourself that the first draft doesn't have to be a work of genius, it is something to work with.
•        Force yourself to write down something, however poorly worded, that approximates your thought (you can revise this later) and go on with the next idea.
•        Break the task up into steps. Meet the general purpose first, and then flesh out the more specific aspects later.
•        Try one of the strategies on the next page of this resource.
Talking will be helpful because you'll probably be more natural and spontaneous in speech than in writing. Your listener can ask questions and guide you as you speak
Changing the audience can clarify your purpose and can also make you feel more comfortable and help you write more easily.
【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（4）start to write
Ask yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject
Do you want the reader to pity you because of the intolerable food you have to eat there?
Do you want to analyze large-scale institutional cooking?
Do you want to compare Purdue's dorm food to that served at Indiana University?
Nutshell your whole idea.
WHAT  HOW  THINK   NETSHELL     DIAGRAM MAIN IDEA    DEAFT
staying on topic in every paragraph
基础写作每日一讲（5）
Put your topic sentence at the top of each paragraph to keep the sentence in mind and not lose track of your topic.
Revising
starting at the beginning of the file
Each time you open a file, you are at the beginning of the draft. Start there when you are drafting and revising and read until you come to a section where you will be working. That rereading has several advantages for you. It helps you get back into the flow of thought, and it permits you to review what you've written so that you can revise as you read forward. But be careful not to get caught up in endless revising of the beginning of the paper, especially if like some writers, you find that you need to write the whole paper before you can write the introduction.
renaming a file
Each time you open your file, save it as a different file so that you always know which is the most recent version you've worked on. If your first draft is Draft I, the next time you open that file, save it as Draft II.
using page or print view to check paragraphs
Switch to the page or print view so that you can see the whole view of each page on screen. Do the paragraphs look to be about the same length? Does one look noticeably shorter than the others? Does it need more development? Is there a paragraph that seems to be disproportionately long?
highlighting sentence length
Make a copy of your main file and, using that copy, hit the return key after each sentence so that each looks like a separate paragraph. Are all of your sentences the same length? Do they all start the same way and need some variety?
Some word processing programs include a thesaurus which is useful for looking up synonyms for words you've been using too much or for finding more specific words than the ones you have used.
changing the appearance of key features of your writing
Change active verbs to bold letters, put passive constructions in italics, use larger fonts for descriptive words, underline your thesis statement, and so on. By changing the appearance of these features, you may see that you have too many passives or that you don't have many descriptive words.
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二期——情态动词
1—— 情态动词的语法特征

1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式
He must be staying there.
他现在肯定呆在那里。

3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。
You had better have come earlier.
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。
Riding bicycles reduces air pollution.
如果没有情态动词will，这个句子就是一个表示目前存在的状态或者事实，而不表示个人对骑自行车的评价。
另外一个容易误用的词是should，多表示根据社会风俗习惯个人的责任，而在比较正式的议论文写作中，多数句子是以客观事物做主语的， 所以用should就有些不太恰当，如：
To tackle the problem of youth crimes related with computer games, advertisement enterprises should restrict the large-scale promotion.
一般我们会用另外一个更客观性的短语be to do来代替， 或者是shall
1. Jean have kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea.
A. must B. should C. need D. would

解析：选B. “should have +过去分词” 表示“过去本来应该(但没能)做某事”；
keep one’s promise 意为“信守诺言”。
7．The little girl’s eyes were red. She ______.
A. may cry B. must cry C. must be cried D. must have been crying
解析：选D. 意为：她刚才肯定一直在哭。对过去某事正发生的推测。
11. The hotel is only a stone’s throw away, you ______ take a bus.
A. need not to B. not need to C. don't need D. need not

解析：选D. 说话人认为不必要乘车, need 为情态动词。
12. I am busy now, _______ my brother do it for you ?
A. Will B. Shall C. Must D. May

解析：选B. 在疑问句中shall 用于第三人称，也表示征求意见。

13. ---You needn’t do it right now, need you?
---Yes I am afraid I ______ .
A. need B. needn’t C. Must D. mustn’t

解析：选C. Yes的意思是：不。意为：恐怕我必须现在就做。
16. If you have something important to do, you ______ waste any time.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. won’t

解析：选B. 根据句意用mustn’t
22. “Do you have to leave now?”
“I am very sorry, but I really______.”
A. can’tB. haveC. shouldD. must

解析：选D. 回答have to 的疑问句用must作肯定回答。
23. “Let’s go to the library, shall we?”
“_________?”
A. No, I can’t B. Yes, I will C. Yes , thank you
D. No, we’d better not

解析：选D. A,B,C都 不能回答shall we, 此处D的语气比较婉转客气。

24. “Can I take it away?”
“ You ______ better not.”
A. should B. Could C. Would D. had

解析：选D. had better 与不带to 的不定式构成谓语，可以变成疑问句：Hadn’t you better----
26. See who is there!______ it be May?
A. May B. Must C. Can D. Will

解析：选C. 表推测时A，B都用作疑问句。
最后的情态动词太受伤害了~！不过这也更加激发了我的斗志~！小时候不好好学 现在总是要还的。。。
加油加油~！

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构。
例句：Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
部分动词的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气，形式为should do, 其中should常被省略。
此类动词有：insist, demand, suggest, propose, order, require, decide, ask, request, command等表示命令、建议、要求等.
例句： We all insist that we (should) not rest until we finish the work..
在一些惯用语之后经常需要用虚拟，来表示与事实相反或者难以实现的事情
这类习语有：as if , as though, but for, otherwise, without, wish, if only, for fear that, unless, in case, lest等

例句： But for your help, I would not have arrived here in time.
(如果没有你的帮助，我就不能准时到达)

8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be
8．（D）这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。
9. If you Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.
A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted
9．（D）until recently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。
11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
11．（C）题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。
13. If the horse won today, it thirty races in five years.

A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won

13．A．从句对过去的虚拟。
17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ______
fully occupied the whole of last week.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. was
17．（D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。



18. I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional.

A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended
18．（B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。（C）中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。
20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.

A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

20．（A）as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。

22. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped .

A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. that he call me
22．（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。

26. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success.

A. had been B. has been C. were D. was
26．A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

34. It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

35. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting.

A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come

34．（B）It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。

35．（C）otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have come形式。
倒装
<状语前置>有些句子没有宾语且主语又比较长。又是可把状语提前，而把主语放在谓语后面去。

Before him lay miles of undulating moorland: 他前面是一片高低起伏的荒原

After the banquet came a firework display in the garden. 宴会后花园里燃放了烟火。

From the distance came occasional shots. 从远处传来零星的枪声。

In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 远处可以看见紫色的群山。

2、为了描绘更生动，有些与介词同行的副词可以移到句首，把主语放在谓语后面。

Up went the arrow into the air. 嗖的一声箭射上了天。

She rang the bell. In came a girl she had not seen before. 她按铃，进来一个她从未见过的姑娘。

Down flew the eagle to seize the chicken 老鹰飞下来抓小鸡。
【分词和表语移到句首的情况】

1、进行时态中的分词有时可移到句首，来对这个动作加以强调。
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen.
Standing beside the table was an interpreter
Watching the performances were mostly foreign tourists.
。
2, 已过去分词做表语的句子，过去分词有时也可以提前，把主语放到后面去。
The most widely distributed is the Hui people
Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, lead and zinc.
。
3, 作表语的介词短语有时也可以提前。
Among its products are farm machines and mining equipment.
Around the lake are a huge number of farms.
Near the sourthen end of the village was a large pear orchard.
。
4, 其他表语也可提前
Worst of all is the humiliations he suffered. 最不堪的是他经受的许多屈辱。
Below is a restaurant.
Higher up were forests of white birches. 在往上去是一片白桦林。
。。


【其他倒装句】

1，祝愿的句子:
Long live world peace! 世界和平万岁！
May you have a long and happy life. 祝你幸福长寿。

2、间接引语后的插入语，主语有时可放在谓语后面：
“I do hope,” said Nancy, “they haven’t all forgotten about it.”
。
3, 有时修辞上的考虑，表语也可以提前：
Very grateful we are for your help.
A very reliable person he is, to be sure. 他是个很可靠的人，没问题。
连词
6 比较so和 such

其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副
词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。

so + adj. such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [不可数]such +n. [不可数]

so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people


so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。

so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

昨天帖子不见了 于是就去翻译的第三次作业的内容   呼呼 看下来还挺简单的 可是翻译过来就不是那么容易了  总是找不到适合汉语思维的词汇。。  汗一个 难道我中文也没学好？

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

从句
三大从句，即
名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）
形容词性从句（即定语从句）、
副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。
what, who, when, why, whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.

形容词性从句（即定语从句）

定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等。who, whom, whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。

The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.

1)当先行词是all, anything, everything, something, nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first, last, any, few, much, some, no, only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.

3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。



注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
　（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
　（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
　　　 你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
　（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
　（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.　囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。方式状语

6. _____ he was, he sat up late studying last night.A. As tired        B.  Though tired       C.  Tired as        D.  Tired although
13. We’ll start off as we planned _____.
A. no matter he will come or not       B.  no matter whether he will come or not
C.  whether is he coming or not       D.  whether he comes or not
14. To my delight, there was my purse in the back seat of the taxi, _____ the driver couldn’t possibly have seen it before.
A. that        B.  which        C.  where        D.  when
5. Because of the traffic jam _____ I was caught, I was late for the meeting.
A. by which        B.  in which        C.  that        D.  where （同位语从句而非形容词性从句）

3. The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning.
        A. than        B.  rather than        C.  nor        D.  as

16. I’ll see you after the show and give you $20 for the tickets, or _____ much they cost.
        A. whatever        B.  whether        C.  no matter        D.  however
18. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, __c
when___ something occurred, which attracted my attention.
        A. unless        B.  until        C.  when        D.  while
19. Determination is a kind of quality --- and that is __d___ it takes to do anything well.
        A. that        B.  which        C.  why        D.  what
20. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ___bwhere__ he can walk correctly and safely.
        A. when        B.  where        C.  which        D.  how
22. After five hours’ drive, they reached __d___ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.
        A. that        B.  where        C.  which        D.  what
25. There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of _d____ mouth tea is supposed to come.
        A. which        B.  that        C.  its        D.  whose

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

The thesis statement is typically located at the end of your opening paragraph. (The opening paragraph serves to set the context for the thesis.)
Remember, your reader will be looking for your thesis. Make it clear, strong, and easy to find.

Questions to ask yourself when writing an argumentative thesis statement:
•        What is my claim or assertion?
•        What are the reasons I have to support my claim or assertion?
•        In what order should I present my reasons?
An argumentative thesis statement will tell your audience:
•        your claim or assertion
•        the reasons/evidence that support this claim
•        the order in which you will be presenting your reasons and evidence
二、什么是好的主题句的属性？
Attributes of a good thesis:
•        It should be contestable, proposing an arguable point with which people could reasonably disagree. A strong thesis is provocative; it takes a stand and justifies the discussion you will present.
•        It tackles a subject that could be adequately covered in the format of the project assigned.
•        It is specific and focused. A strong thesis proves a point without discussing “everything about …” Instead of music, think "American jazz in the 1930s" and your argument about it. （注意，主题不要假，大，空，要具体针对问题！）
•        It clearly asserts your own conclusion based on evidence. （我记得是谁又曾经说过assert是个贬义？？所以说，有了根据，再发表意见！）Note: Be flexible. The evidence may lead you to a conclusion you didn't think you'd reach. It is perfectly okay to change your thesis!
•        It provides the reader with a map to guide him/her through your work.
•        It anticipates and refutes the counter-arguments
•        It avoids vague language (like "it seems").
•        It avoids the first person. ("I believe," "In my opinion") （强烈注意，不要使用第一人称！！！！）
•        It should pass the So what? or Who cares? test (Would your most honest friend ask why he should care or respond with "but everyone knows that"?) For instance, "people should avoid driving under the influence of alcohol," would be unlikely to evoke any opposition. （不要说那些大家都知道的废话，要有可质疑性，可辩论性．）



Tell me something new about something I care about.
Specific topic + Attitude/Angle/Argument = Thesis
What you plan to argue + How you plan to argue it = Thesis
Try these five tests:
•        Does the thesis  inspire a reasonable reader to ask, "How?" or Why?" 吸引读者思考
•        Would a reasonable reader NOT respond with "Duh!" or "So what?" or "Gee, no kidding!" or "Who cares?" 避免出现so what问题
•        Does the thesis  avoid general phrasing and/or sweeping words such as "all" or "none" or "every"? 避免绝对的论调
•        Does the thesis lead the reader toward the topic sentences (the subtopics needed to prove the thesis)? 主题句是否引导了下文的分论点或者段主题？
•        Can the thesis be adequately developed in the required length of the paper or project? 主题句是否可以适合被展开论述？
A strong thesis statement is specific.
Though many people dismiss hip hop as offensive, hip hop music offers urban youth an important opportunity for artistic expression, and allows them to articulate the poetry of the street.

名称　 　总称(谓语用复数）　一个人　　两个人

the                    a/an　　　　two

中国人　　the Chinese　　 a Chinese　 two Chinese 瑞士人　　the Swiss            a Swiss　　   two Swiss 日本人　　the Japanese　　a Japanese　 two Japanese

法国人　　the French　 a Frenchman　 two Frenchmen 英国人　　the English　　an Englishman　 two Englishmen

德国人　　the Germans　　a Germans　　two Germans

澳大利亚人Australians　　 an Australian　two Australians 俄国人　　the Russians　　a Russian　　 two Russians 意大利人　the Italians　　 an Italian　       two Italians 希腊人　　the Greek    　　a Greek　　 two Greeks 美国人　　the Americans　an American　 two Americans 印度人　　the Indians　　 an Indian　　 two Indians 加拿大人　the Canadians　a Canadian　 two Canadians 瑞典人　　the Swedish　　a Swede　 　two Swedes

关于特殊名词的具体考点如下：、
　　1．容易误用为复数的不可数名词：(这些名词一般不能用作复数，谓语动词用单数)
　　advice 建议，忠告 living 生活，生计
　　equipment 装备，设备 progress 前进，发展
　　furniture 家具，设备 scenery 风景，景色
　　information 通知；信息 machinery 机器，机械
　　knowledge 知识，学问 traffic 交通流量
　　baggage / luggage 行李，皮箱 trouble 烦恼，麻烦
　　cash 现金 thunder 雷声，轰隆声
　　apparatus 仪器 weather 天气，处境
　　clothing 衣服 work 工作，劳动
　　paper 纸，钞票 luck 运气，幸运
　　technology 工艺，技术 jewelry 珠宝
　　2． 复数形式的名词用于单数概念，其谓语动词用单数。(这些名词一般为表示学科或疾病的名词)
　　economics 经济学 measles 麻疹
　　physics 物理学 mumps 腮腺炎
　　mathematics 数学 rickets 软骨病，佝偻病
　　dynamics 动力学 news 新闻
　　The United States 美国 The New York Times 纽约时报
5． and连接两个名词表示一个概念做主语时，谓语用单数; 若表示的是多个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。
　　War and peace is a constant theme in literature.
　　战争与和平是文学中永恒的主题。(War and peace是一对概念，看作一个主题)
　　同例： ham and eggs n.火腿蛋 steam and bread
　　law and order
bread and butter
　　apple pie and ice cream
folk and knife
　　wheel and axle 轮轴
needle and thread
　 love and hate
egg and rice 蛋炒饭
6．动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句做主语时+单数谓语
　　 Early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy, wealthy and wise.
　　( 指“早睡早起”一件事)
　　To work hard is necessary
　 What I said and did is of no concern to you.
　 Reading three classical novels and making some social investigations are assignments for the students during the holiday. ( 注意： 指不同性质的两件事，谓语用复数 )
15. 当主语被one ( a ) and a half 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
　　One and a half apples is left on the plate.
16. 当主语由 a series of…， a portion of …， a species of …， a kind of …， a sequence of …， a chain of…， a piece of … 加名词(单数或复数)构成时， 谓语用单数。
　　A series of lectures on psychology is said to be given by Mr. Li.
　　A large portion of her poems was published after her death.

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

代词
effective writing有一个及其重要的技巧就是关键点重复，代词指代是其中一个很好的手段。
下面的这些词之间的区分和应用呢？

few, little, a few, a little, both, either, neither, all, any, none, anyone/any one；no one/none；every/each
one/another/the other, one,that,it,none, few, some, any, one, ones, every , no, all, both, neither, nor
2) 主格代替宾格
a. 在介词 but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。
b. 在电话用语中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. -- 我想和玛丽通话。
---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。
注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格)
I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格)
I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格)
They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)
对) I myself drove the car.我自己开车。
Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）
Who(m) are you taking the book to?
你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词 后，不能用who取代。）
说明 3：
疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未，例如：
For what do most people live and work?
大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）
What are you looking for?
你在找什么？（现代英语）
3.11 关系代词

1） 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）
2） 关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见表：
限定性非限定性限定性
指人指物指人或指物
主 格who which that
宾 格 whom that that
属 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose

例如：
This is the pencil whose point is broken.

这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)

He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书。
（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）
3） 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子，例如：
He said he saw me there, which was a lie.
他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。
说明： 关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略， 例如：
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.

我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。
He's changed. He's not the man he was.

他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。
二、few 一些，少数
few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。
三、some 一些
1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。
2) 当做"某一"解时，也可与单数名词连用。（= a certain）
You will be sorry for this some day.
总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。
A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.
某些人不同意你的看法
d.当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如：
I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years.
这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信
五、one, ones 为复数形式
ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some, any，而不
用 ones。
Have you bought any rulers?Yes，I 've bought some.
one/another/the other

one… the other只有两个
some… the others有三个以上
one… another，another…
some… others，others…
others = other people/things
the others = the rest剩余的全部

1) 泛指另一个用 another。
2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。
3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third。
4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。
5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含义：她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
(含义：她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
一般现在时表将来
1）        下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

3）在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
8 用现在进行时表示将来

意为："意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
I'm leaving tomorrow.
Are you staying here till next week?
16 用一般过去时代替完成时

1)两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse， she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

2 ) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3)叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
19 不用进行时的动词

1) 事实状态的动词
have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue
I have two brothers.
This house belongs to my sister.

2) 心理状态的动词
Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate
I need your help.
He loves her very much.

3 ) 瞬间动词
accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.
I accept your advice.

4) 系动词
seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn
You seem a little tired.
24 一般现在时代替完成时

1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时：
hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.
I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.
I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.
2) 句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"
3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.
动词、动词语态
被动形式表示主动意义

be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries
He is graduated from a famous university.
他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意： 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。
He married a rich girl.
He got married to a rich girl.
7 need/want/require/worth

注意：当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。
Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。
The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。
The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
典型例题
The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.
A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
答案A. need (实意) +n /to do，need (情态)+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选 A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。
典：done，"不可能已经"。must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时)。

看了这么多语法了 自己还是没有感觉 感觉还没有吃透 对于我自己来说 我感觉看语法让我感觉很飘渺 不如背英语文章 来的那种语感强烈得多  有的时候知道怎么说 但是用语法的感觉说出来 还是要反应好半天 。。 但是这样有个缺点就是不系统。。

当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see.
4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)
用作介词的to


to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：

admit to承认，confess to承认，
be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于，be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意
3)当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。

I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。

He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
12 不定式的特殊句型so as to
1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。

Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.

轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

2)so kind as to ---劳驾

Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

2）        _______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，…


注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.

由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.

在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person.一个读过许多书的人

a much-travelled may一个去过许多地方的人

a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴

worth 的用法

worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj.　意为"值得"。
1. worth： be worth + n.　 当名词为金钱时，表示"…… 值得……"
be worth doing sth.　"……某事值得被做"
The question is not worth discussing again and again.

2. worthy： be worthy of +n.　当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"
The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.

3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth　 "值得做某事"
worth while： It is worth while doing sth
It is worth while sb to do sth.

典型例题
It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.
A.worth　B.worthy　C.worth-while　D.worth while
答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

这一部分很不熟悉呢
1 独立主格

（一）：独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。

（二） 独立主格结构的特点：

1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。

2 With的复合结构作独立主格

表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.

= He stood there, with his hand raise.

典型例题

The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied
答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.

注意:

1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题：

当介词是in 时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制

A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.

( hand前不能加his)。

2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分 词，不及物动词用过去分词。

He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
cease doing/to do

cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。
cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。
be interested doing/to do

interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。
interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。
begin(start) doing/to do

begin / start to do sth
begin / start doing sth.

1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.

How old were you when you first started playing the piano?

你几岁时开始弹钢琴？
2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do
I was beginning to get angry。
我开始生起气来。
3)在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接 know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。
I begin to understand the truth。
我开始明白真相。
4)物作主语时
It began to melt.

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

7.Skill :
Complex sentences
Questions.  
Bridge sentences.  
Pivots
Signposts
8
In this pattern, then, you decide what is most important and put it at the beginning or the end; next you choose what is second most important and put it at the end or the beginning (whichever remains); the less important or powerful items are then arranged in the middle. If the order of importance followed 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, with 5 being most important, psychological order might follow the order 4, 3, 1, 2, 5.
general-to-specific order,
specific-to general order,
most-familiar-to-least-familiar,
simplest-to-most-complex,
order of frequency,
order of familiarity, and so on.
  按重要性排序而非简单的按时间排序 灵活性 给阅卷人耳目一新的感觉 同时更好的表达你的论点
Avoid stringing out a list of 7 or more headings without subheadings, because this tends to damage the unity and coherence of your paper   不分主次x
How do you cover the ground without multiplying your outline headings?  You do it by using fewer main headings and adding subheadings to them.  Thus you group your points, arguments, etc. under 3 or 4 main categories and let subheadings pick up the detail. This makes a tighter structure that has more of a chance of achieving unity in the paper.
Remember: Out of order paragraphs and essays are hard to read and understand.
Research Question (stated within a sentence, not as a question.
Transition (you don't have to write these out now but you should know what they'd roughly be)
• Answer #3 = _________________________
•        one possible answer to the question + explication/summary
•        strengths and weaknesses of the position
Transition
Reason #2 = _________________________
•        another possible answer + explication/summary (especially how it addresses解决 weaknesses of the previous paragraph or completely counters it反驳).
Transition
Reason #1 = _________________________
•        best answer so far ˆ what does it say?
•        why is it a better consideration of the research question? Or is it really?
Transition
Concluding Paragraph
•        sum up what different angles have shown re: research question
•        critically evaluate what is still needed in the field, or if you looked at three equally strong cases, analyze why one is still more convincing
•        look at the implications
it's helpful to think of the different essay sections as answering a series of questions your reader might ask when encountering your thesis. (Readers should have questions. If they don't, your thesis is most likely simply an observation of fact, not an arguable claim.)
"What?"  The first question to anticipate from a reader is "what": What evidence shows that the phenomenon described by your thesis is true? To answer the question you must examine your evidence, thus demonstrating the truth of your claim. This "what" or "demonstration" section comes early in the essay, often directly after the introduction. Since you're essentially reporting what you've observed, this is the part you might have most to say about when you first start writing. But be forewarned: it shouldn't take up much more than a third (often much less) of your finished essay.  If it does, the essay will lack balance and may read as mere summary or description.

"How?"  A reader will also want to know whether the claims of the thesis are true in all cases. The corresponding question is "how": How does the thesis stand up to the challenge of a counter-argument? How does the introduction of new material—a new way of looking at the evidence, another set of sources—affect the claims you're making? Typically, an essay will include at least one "how" section. (Call it "complication" since you're responding to a reader's complicating questions.) This section usually comes after the "what," but keep in mind that an essay may complicate its argument several times depending on its length, and that counter-argument alone may appear just about anywhere in an essay.

"Why?"  Your reader will also want to know what's at stake in your claim: Why does your interpretation of a phenomenon matter to anyone beside you? This question addresses the larger implications of your thesis. It allows your readers to understand your essay within a larger context. In answering "why", your essay explains its own significance. Alhough you might gesture at this question in your introduction, the fullest answer to it properly belongs at your essay's end. If you leave it out, your readers will experience your essay as unfinished—or, worse, as pointless or insular.
论据 三段以上  怎么证明
Alhough you might gesture at this question in your introduction, the fullest answer to it properly belongs at your essay's end. If you leave it out, your readers will experience your essay as unfinished—or, worse, as pointless or insular.
一定要解释问题 使文章完整
想阅卷者所想Structuring your essay according to a reader's logic means examining your thesis and anticipating what a reader needs to know, and in what sequence, in order to grasp and be convinced by your argument as it unfolds.
State your thesis in a sentence or two, then write another sentence saying why it's important to make that claim. Indicate, in other words, what a reader might learn by exploring the claim with you. Here you're anticipating your answer to the "why" question that you'll eventually flesh out in your conclusion.
少用时间和列表式的句子开始词 使人感觉单调简单无逻辑性

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

现在每天练车 专业课都落下了 不过还是要坚持完成~！
我想认真为自己努力一次 向gre高分努力一次~！

lilylove0624UID: 2720394

这两天看的写作技巧 恍然大悟 原来写文章也是要替阅卷人考虑的 不能只把自己的观点说清楚 怎样让他人理解 才是重中之重
段落组成的内容：
内容基本原则：

•        Orient your reader to the subject.
•        Tie your ideas together.
•        Take it easy through technically dense passages.
•        Arrange your ideas in a logical sequence.
•        要不停的让读者知道你的下一步怎么写？
新旧对比 先新对比旧
In general, it's a good idea to put in more explanations than you think you need, because your writing is often read by people outside your expected audience.
一、        段内句子连接：
注意三个原则：
        Unity-所有句子讲同一个主题
        Coherence－句子之间相互关联，共同构成有机整体
        Connection－适当的连接句子 连接词
Connective words that describe relationships:
ALSO         HOWEVER         ALTHOUGH
INCIDENTALLY        THEREFORE        BESIDES
LIKEWISE        THUS        MEANWHILE
MOREOVER        USUALLY        FURTHERMORE
NEXT        WHATEVER        GENERALLY
YET        ACCORDINGLY        NEVERTHELESS
INSTEAD        IN CONTRAST        FOR EXAMPLE




Connectives that give a sense of time:
FIRST         SECONDLY
FINALLY         NOW
ONCE         WHEN
ULTIMATELY         EVENTUALLY
LASTLY        LATER
MEANWHILE        PREVIOUSLY
THEN         SOON
FORMERLY        SOMETIMES
Other Connective phrases:
TO BEGIN WITH        ON THE OTHER HAND
IN BRIEF        IN GENERAL
IN SUMMARY        MORE SPECIFICALLY
INSTEAD OF        IN ADDITION TO
IN OTHER WORDS        ANOTHER WAY TO
FOR THE SAME REASON        NO MATTER WHAT
SUCH A        THAT'S WHAT (WHY)
IN FACT        WHAT'S MORE
IN THE SAME WAY        ON THE CONTRARY
CONVERSELY        AS A RESULT
SUMMING UP        IF SO / NOT
1 逻辑词
2 代词 重复
3 强调词（小心滥用）
The whale is by far the largest living mammal. In fact, the largest whales weigh as much as 150 tons and grow as long as 100 feet. These enormous animals consume 5 tons of food each day.
Notice how the bold words that have been added emphasize certain points the author deemed important.
Here is a list of some useful intensives:
ESPECIALLY         AS MUCH AS         EVEN IF/THOUGH
INCREASINGLY        BY FAR        SO...THAT
MORE IMPORTANTLY        HIGHLY        ONLY
PARTICULARLY        IN FACT         VERY
SIGNIFICANTLY        QUITE         SUCH
MOST         UNIQUE        AT ALL
ABOVE ALL        INDEED        IN ANY CASE