美丽G程 第9至16次作业 issues&argues

jessicamarineUID: 2595044

第九次作业

5、"A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.

9.The following appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega University.

"Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that
encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their
professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher
grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have
risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades
at Omega are inflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not
been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha
University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega
University should now terminate student evaluation of professors."

第十次作业

157"There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires."

203.The following appeared in a newspaper feature story.

"At the small, nonprofit hospital in the town of Saluda, the average
length of a patient's stay is two days; at the large, for-profit hospital
in the nearby city of Megaville, the average patient stay is six days.
Also, the cure rate among patients in the Saluda hospital is about twice
that of the Megaville hospital. The Saluda hospital has more employees per
patient than the hospital in Megaville, and there are few complaints about
service at the local hospital. Such data indicate that treatment in
smaller, nonprofit hospitals is more economical and of better quality than
treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals."

在Saluda镇的小型非盈利医院，患者平均逗留时间是两天；在邻近的Megaville市的大型盈利医院，患者平均逗留时间为6天。而且，Saluda医院患者的治愈率大约是Megaville医院的两倍。Saluda平均每个患者对应的医务人员的数量比Megaville医院多，而且地方医院关于服务的投诉也较少。这些数据表明小型非盈利医院的治疗比大型盈利医院更加经济，质量更高。

第十一次作业

31"Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."
167.A folk remedy* for insomnia, the scent in lavender flowers, has now
been proved effective. In a recent study, 30 volunteers with chronic
insomnia slept each night for three weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a
controlled room where their sleep was monitored. During the first week,
volunteers continued to take their usual sleeping medication. They slept
soundly but wakened feeling tired. During the second week, the volunteers
discontinued their medication. As a result, they slept less soundly than
the previous week and felt even more tired. During the third week, the
volunteers slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks.
This shows that over a short period of time lavender cures insomnia.
A folk remedy is usually a plant-based form of treatment common to
traditional forms of medicine, ones that developed before the advent of
modern medical services and technology.

一种治疗失眠的偏方--薰衣草花香，现在被证明是有效的。在一次最近的调查中，30名患有慢性失眠的志愿者在三周之内每晚都在一个受监视的控制室内睡在带薰衣草花香的枕头上。在第一周，志愿者继续服用他们常用的安眠药。他们睡得很沉但醒来时很累。在第二周，他们不服用药物。结果与前一周相比他们睡得不那么沉并且感觉更累。在第三周，他们睡得比前两周时间长而且更深。这表明薰衣草在短时间内治愈了失眠。

*偏方通常是一种在传统医药中常见的植物治疗形式，这些传统医药是在现代医药服务和科技出现之前发展起来的。

第十二次作业

59"Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for them."
141.The following appeared in a newsletter distributed at a recent
political rally.

"Over the past year, the Consolidated Copper Company (CCC) has purchased
over one million square miles of land in the tropical nation of West
Fredonia. Mining copper on this land will inevitably result in pollution
and environmental disaster, since West Fredonia is home to several
endangered animal species. But such disaster can be prevented if consumers
simply refuse to purchase products that are made with CCC's copper until
the company abandons its mining plans."

去年，Consolidated Copper Company(CCC)在热带国家West
Fredonia购买了上百万平方英里的土地。在这些地方采矿将会不可避免地导致污染和环境灾害，因为West
Fredonia是很多濒危物种的栖居地。但如果消费者简单地拒绝购买用CCC所生产的铜而制造的产品，直到CCC放弃它的采矿计划就可以避免这种灾害。

第十三次作业

74"The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language."

46.Although black bears are common in the eastern Canadian province of
Labrador, grizzly bears-often similar in color, but much larger-were
believed to exist only in the western provinces. Despite a
nineteenth-century explorer's account of having startled震惊 and narrowly
escaped from a grizzly bear deep in the woods in Labrador, modern
scientists find no physical evidence that grizzly bears have ever lived in
Labrador. But recent research into the language and legends of the Innu, a
people who have lived in Labrador for thousands of years, reveals that
their language has words for two different kinds of bears, and their
ancient legends attribute different characteristics to the two kinds of
bears. Therefore, there probably were grizzly bears in Labrador, and the
explorer's account probably accurately identified the bear.

尽管黑熊在加拿大东部的Labrador省份很常见，那种与黑熊颜色类似，但要大的多的灰熊被认为只存在于西部的省份。尽管存在一名19世纪的探险者在Labrador丛林深处遭遇一头灰熊并惊险地逃脱的记载，现代学者并没有发现灰熊曾在Labrador生活的证据。但最近对于已在Labrador生活了数千年的Innu人的语言和传说的研究发现，他们的语言中对于两种不同的熊有不同的词汇，他们的古老传说中确认了两种熊的特征。因此，Labrador可能曾有过灰熊，探险者的记载有可能精确地记叙了熊的存在。

第十四次作业

214.In each city in the region of Treehaven, the majority of the money
spent on government-run public school education comes from taxes that each
city government collects. The region's cities differ, however, in the
value they place on public education. For example, Parson City typically
budgets twice as much money per year as Blue City does for its public
schools-even though both cities have about the same number of residents.
It seems clear, therefore, that Parson City residents care more about
public school education than do Blue City residents.
在Treehaven地区的每个城市，政府用于公立学校教育的开支大部分都是
从政府征收的税收而来的。然而，该地区不同城市对公共教育的重视程度是不同的。举例而言，Parson市用于公立学校的预算通常是Blue市的两倍，尽管两城市居民数量基本相同。因此，Parson市的居民显然比Blue市居民更关注公立学校教育。

99"In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options."

第十五次作业

212"If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable."

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99.The following appeared in a memo from the economic minister of the
small country Paucia.

"Using a newly developed variety of seed, farmers in our neighboring
country Abundia produced 80 percent more rice last year than in any
previous year. To increase the income of farmers in our own country, we
should encourage them to cultivate this new variety of rice rather than
some of their traditional crops. Such high yields of rice will also
improve our country's balance of trade by enabling us to begin exporting
it."

通过使用一种新研制的种子，我们临近国家Abundia的农民在去年生产了比以往多80％的大米。为增加我们国家农民的收入，我们应该鼓励他们培育这种新的大米品种，而不是那些他们的传统谷类作物。这种大米的高产量也将会使我国通过出口大米促进贸易平衡。

第十六次作业

159"The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds."

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235.The following appeared in a memorandum from the general manager of
KNOW radio station.

"Several factors indicate that radio station KNOW should shift its
programming from rock-and-roll music to a continuous news format.
Consider, for example, the number of older people in our listening area
has increased dramatically, while the total number of our listeners has
recently declined. Also, music stores in our area report decreased sales
of recorded music. Finally, continuous news stations in neighboring cities
have been very successful, and a survey taken just before the recent
election shows that local citizens are interested in becoming better
informed about politics."

若干因素表明KNOW电台应该把它的节目从摇滚乐转成连续的新闻节目。举例来说，我们覆盖范围内的老年人数量显著增加，而总的听众数量最近减少了。而且，我们地区音像店中录制音乐的销量下降。最后，邻近城市的连续新闻节目非常成功，最近大选前组织的一次调查显示，本地居民对于及时的政治报导很感兴趣。