1006G[redemption]备考贴 by fayafay

fayafayUID: 2743416

机考时间 3.12 上海

时间不多了 时间不多了 时间不多了

HOLD FAST TO MY DREAMS!

fayafayUID: 2743416

第二次作业~
issue28
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054293&page=1#pid1773543251

issue11
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054293&page=1#pid1773543926

拍过的文章~
lcv8006/小痴： https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054056&page=2#pid1773544486
丹心：https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054301&page=1#pid1773544567

第三次作业~
issue112
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054293&page=2#pid1773546959

issue212
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054293&page=1#pid1773546982

拍过的文章~
after17: https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054069&page=1#pid1773546991

第五次作业~
issues 136
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054293&page=2#pid1773554664

第六次作业~
改丹心第五次作业 http://bbs.gter.ce.cn/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=1054301&page=2#pid1773556638

第七次作业~
issue70+221
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054293&page=2#pid1773569592
argument137+150
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054293&page=1#pid1773569602

第八次作业~
argument7+37
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054293&page=3#pid1773577066
改Sasakikojiro第七次作业https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1057035&page=1#pid1773577054

第九次作业~
改after17 argument7 https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054069&page=3#pid1773581225
              argument37 https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054069&page=3#pid1773584804
              issue70 https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054069&page=3#pid1773585337

第十次作业~
issue56
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054293&page=3#pid1773585366
argument76+140
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1054293&page=3#pid1773585395

fayafayUID: 2743416

Essay Response * – Score 6  
In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, （概括题目）both positive and negative effects among persons in Western society call for a balance in which there are both specialists and generalists. （提出总论点）
Specialists are necessary in order to allow society as a whole to properly and usefully assimilate the masses of new information and knowledge that have come out of research and have been widely disseminated through mass global media.（论点1） As the head of Pharmacology at my university once said (and I paraphrase):"I can only research what I do because there are so many who have come before me to whom I can turn for basic knowledge. It is only because of each of the narrowly focused individuals at each step that a full and true understanding of the complexities of life can be had. Each person can only hold enough knowledge to add one small rung to the ladder, but together we can climb to the moon." This illustrates the point that our societies level of knowledge and technology is at a stage in which there simply must be specialists in order for our society to take advantage of the information available to us. （总结论点1）
Simply put（简而言之）, without specialists, our society would find itself bogged down in the Sargasso Sea of information overload. While it was fine for early physicists to learn and understand the few laws and ideas that existed during their times, now, no one individual can possibly digest and assimilate all of the knowledge in any given area.（论点2） （让步开头，转折，陈述观点2，通过时间顺序，过去与将来，来提出观点）
On the other hand, over specialization means narrow foci in which people can lose the larger picture. (论点2的分论点1) No one can hope to understand the human body by only inspecting one's own toe-nails. What we learn from a narrow focus may be internally logically coherent but may be irrelevant or fallacious within the framework of a broader perspective. Further, if we inspect only our toe-nails, we may conclude that the whole body is hard and white. Useful conclusions and thus perhaps useful inventions must come by sharing among specialists. Simply throwing out various discoveries means we have a pile of useless discoveries. It is only when one can make with them a mosaic that we can see that they may form a picture. (通过toe-nail与whole body的关系对分论点作进一步阐释)

Not only may over-specialization be dangerous in terms of the truth, purity and cohesion of knowledge, but it can also serve to drown moral or universal issues.（论点2的分论点2） Generalists and only generalists can see a broad enough picture to realize and introduce to the world the problems of the environment. With specialization, each person focuses on their research and their goals. Thus, industrialization, expansion, and new technologies are driven ahead. Meanwhile no individual can see the holistic view of our global existence in which true advancement may mean stifling individual specialists for the greater good of all.（通过generalization 和specification的对比为论据证明分论点）
Finally, over-specialization in a people's daily lives and jobs has meant personal and psychological compartmentalization. People are forced into pigeon holes（鸽棚？小房间吧~） early in life (at least by university) and must consciously attempt to consume external forms of stimuli and information in order not to be lost in their small and isolated universe. Not only does this make for narrowly focused and generally poorly-educated individuals, but it guarantees a sense of loss of community, often followed by a feeling of psychological displacement and personal dissatisfaction.

Without generalists, society becomes inward-looking and eventually inefficient. Without a society that recognizes the importance of broad-mindedness and fore for sharing generalities, individuals become isolated. Thus, while our form of society necessitates specialists, generalists are equally important.（重申论点） Specialists drive us forward in a series of thrusts while generalists make sure we are still on the jousting field and know what the stakes are.

作者在开头段简要概括了题目，并陈述观点，简洁明了。文章分两个方面论述，持有保留地同意的观点。首先通过Pharmacology researcher来强调specialists are necessary;然后，从logic, moral和personal三个方面进行论述，条理清晰。结尾段除了重申论点之外，两个“without”环环相扣。此外，本文论据一针见血，论证很严密。

fayafayUID: 2743416

Essay Response – Score 5

Specialists are not overrated today. （提出论点） More generalists may be needed, but not to overshadow the specialists. Generalists can provide a great deal of information on many topics of interest with a broad range of ideas. People who look at the overall view of things can help with some of the large problems our society faces today. But specialists are necessary to gain a better understanding of more in depth methods to solve problems or fixing things. （提出行文思路）

One good example of why specialists are not overrated is in the medical field.（分论点1） Doctors are necessary for people to live healthy lives. When a person is sick, he may go to a general practitioner to find out the cause of his problems. Usually, this kind of "generalized" doctor can help most ailments with simple and effective treatments. Sometimes, though, a sickness may go beyond a family doctor's knowledge or the prescribed treatments don't work the way they should.  When a sickness progresses or becomes diagnosed as a disease that requires more care than a family doctor can provide, he may be referred to a specialist.（过渡到specialist） For instance, a person with constant breathing problems that require hospitalization may be suggested to visit an asthma specialist. Since a family doctor has a great deal of knowledge of medicine, he can decide when his methods are not effective and the patient needs to see someone who knows more about the specific problem; someone who knows how it begins, progresses, and specified treatments.  This is an excellent example of how a generalized person may not be equipped enough to handle something as well as a specialized one can.

Another example of a specialist who is needed instead of a generalist involves teaching.（分论点2）In grammar school, children learn all the basic principles of reading, writing, and arithmetic. But as children get older and progress in school, they gain a better understanding of the language and mathematical processes.  As the years in school increase, they need to learn more and more specifics and details about various subjects. They start out by learning basic math concepts such as addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication. A few years later, they are ready to begin algebraic concepts, geometry, and calculus. They are also ready to learn more advanced vocabulary, the principles of how all life is composed and how it functions.  （以时间顺序，从generalist过渡到specialization）One teacher or professor can not provide as much in depth discussion on all of these topics as well as one who has learned the specifics and studied mainly to know everything that is currently known about one of these subjects. Generalized teachers are required to begin molding students at a very early age so they can get ready for the future ahead of them in gaining more facts about the basic subjects and finding out new facts on the old ones.

These are only two examples （总结上文）of why specialists are not highly overrated and more generalists are not necessary to the point of overshadowing them. Generalists are needed to give the public a broad understanding of some things. But, specialists are important to help maintain the status, health, and safety of our society.  Specialists are very necessary.

文章开头第一句即提出论点，直截了当。在第一段结尾提出行文思路。之后通过在医学方面（普通病状需要generalization,对症下药需要specialization）和教育方面(以各年龄段对学习内容的要求为线索，刚开始学习的时候需要teachers with general knowledge，随着学习的不断深入，转为teachers with specific knowledge)的论据来证明论点。结尾重申论点。文章虽然没有用到很多的论据来论证，但是句句在理，过渡自然，行文很流畅。

fayafayUID: 2743416

Argument

Essay Response * – Score 6

（对要评估的推理先做出肯定，然后指出错误）
The notion that protective gear reduces the injuries suffered in accidents seems at first glance to be an obvious conclusion.（题目概述） After all, it is the intent of these products to either prevent accidents from occurring in the first place or to reduce the injuries suffered by the wearer should an accident occur.  However, the conclusion that investing in high quality protective gear greatly reduces the risk of being severely injured in an accident may mask（我一定会用mislead的 = =b） other (and potentially more significant) causes of injuries and may inspire people to over invest financially and psychologically in protective gear.

First of all, as mentioned in the argument, there are two distinct kinds of gear - preventative gear (such as light reflecting material) and protective gear (such as helmets).  Preventative gear is intended to warn others, presumably for the most part motorists, of the presence of the roller skater. It works only if the "other" is a responsible and caring individual who will afford the skater the necessary space and attention.（论述成立的条件）

Protective gear is intended to reduce the effect of any accident, whether it is caused by another, the skater or some force of nature. Protective gear does little, if anything, to prevent accidents but is presumed to reduce the injuries that occur in an accident.  The statistics on injuries suffered by skaters would be more interesting if the skaters were grouped into those wearing no gear at all, those wearing protective gear only, those wearing preventative gear only and those wearing both. （提出对比建议，使论证严密）These statistics could provide skaters with a clearer understanding of which kinds of gear are more beneficial.

The argument above is weakened by the fact that it does not take into account the inherent differences between skaters who wear gear and those who do not.  If is at least likely that those who wear gear may be generally more responsible and/or safety conscious individuals. The skaters who wear gear may be less likely to cause accidents through careless or dangerous behavior. It may, in fact, be their natural caution and responsibility that keeps them out of the emergency room rather than the gear itself.  Also, the statistic above is based entirely on those who are skating in streets and parking lots which are relatively dangerous places to skate in the first place.（选择的场所危险，易导致受伤） People who are generally more safety conscious (and therefore more likely to wear gear) may choose to skate in safer areas such as parks or back yards.

The statistic also goes not differentiate between severities of injuries.（易受伤程度为切入点进行论证）The conclusion that safety gear prevents severe injuries suggests that it is presumed that people come to the emergency room only with severe injuries. This is certainly not the case. Also, given that skating is a recreational activity that may be primarily engaged in during evenings and weekends (when doctors' offices are closed), skater with less severe injuries may be especially likely to come to the emergency room for treatment.

Finally, there is absolutely no evidence provided that high quality (and presumably more expensive) gear is any more beneficial than other kinds of gear.(从价格与质量的关系下手，反驳了贵的，高质量的防护设备的作用不一定比一般的好) For example, a simple white t-shirt may provide the same preventative benefit as a higher quality, more expensive, shirt designed only for skating.  Before skaters are encouraged to invest heavily in gear, a more complete understanding of the benefit provided by individual pieces of gear would be helpful.

（提出建议式结尾）
The argument for safety gear based on emergency room statistics could provide important information and potentially saves lives. Before conclusions about the amount and kinds of investments that should be made in gear are reached, however, a more complete understanding of the benefits is needed.（提出建议）After all, a false confidence in ineffective gear could be just as dangerous as no gear at all.
语言很精炼，表述很清晰。中间论述段通过提出论证漏洞，并运用给出解释和举反例的方式来支持自己的观点，很有条理，逻辑性强

我的反例：
1. roller skat前没有做热身就直接进行较剧烈的运动会导致肌肉拉伤，即使wear protective gear也还是无法避免
2.在周围有人在进行危险系数较大的动作情况下，wear light-reflecting material可能会影响到别人的注意力，导致别人受伤

fayafayUID: 2743416

Essay Response – Score 5

（肯定要评估的推理，然后罗列出其它的可能原因）
The argument presented is limited but useful. It indicates a possible relationship between a high percentage of accidents and a lack of protective equipment. The statistics cited compel a further investigation of the usefulness of protective gear in preventing or mitigating roller-skating related injuries.  However, the conclusion that protective gear and reflective equipment would "greatly reduce the risk of being severely injured" is premature.（指出推理中的不足）Data is lacking with reference to the total population of skaters and the relative levels of experience, skill and physical coordination of that population.  It is entirely possible that further research would indicate that most serious injury is averted by the skater's ability to react quickly and skillfully in emergency situations.

Another area of investigation necessary before conclusions can be reached is identification of the types of injuries that occur and the various causes of those injuries. （从受伤原因入手，进行分析论述）The article fails to identify the most prevalent types of roller-skating related injuries.  It also fails to correlate the absence of protective gear and reflective equipment to those injuries.  For example, if the majority of injuries are skin abrasions and closed-head injuries, then a case can be made for the usefulness of protective clothing mentioned.  Likewise, if injuries are caused by collision with vehicles (e.g. bicycles, cars) or pedestrians, then light-reflective equipment might mitigate the occurrences. However, if the primary types of injuries are soft-tissue injuries such as torn ligaments（韧带撕裂） and muscles, back injuries and the like, then a greater case could be made for training and experience as preventative measures.

相比于前一篇，这篇argument反驳的观点较少，但是，对于每一个指出的错误都进行了很详细的论证。
心得：就算没有结尾，也把每一个要攻击的点写明白。

fayafayUID: 2743416

最后最后，我的，极可怕的第一篇issue啊~~~

issue 31
"Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."

The speaker asserts that whether the results of research are controversial, the invested money is almost always worthwhile. I agree with reserve that spending money on investment is a kind of good investment. However, the speaker fails to take the fact into consideration that not all researches deserve that money.

First and foremost, research cannot continue without the consistent financial support. Once the result is made, it will benefit the people, the nation, and even the whole world. A great amount of money has been spent on the exploration of the outer space, such as Mars and the moon. If there exists some new energy, resources, or the basic elements for human life, the research will be immeasurably beneficial to whole human race. We will have another place to live with new facilities, plenty of new living matters. We will live in a totally different circumstance. As for the future, we do not have to be afraid of the coming of the doomsday. At the same time, experts make great efforts to discover new power, such as the Hydropower generation and the wind power generation. In addition, more environmental friendly facilities have been invented when a researcher successfully run the car engine by the electrolysis of water.

Despite the merits mentioned above, I find it necessary to realize that money cannot be used to research aimlessly. As it is known to all, the result of a study is uncertain. No one can predict the ending until the end. Just take Noble as an example. When he was devoting himself to the research of TNT, a kind of explosion, he would never realize that his invention would eventually led to the World War I. It was a vital disaster to people all over the world.

Furthermore, not all the research expenses are expected by people. I concede that the birth of Dolly, a cloned ewe, is no doubt a landmark in genic study. It makes people believe that coming back from death, or living forever is no longer a ridiculous dream but a truth. However, as for the people who are living in poverty, disease, or famine, are they eager to be immortal? Of course, they do not. They would rather the government offer them money directly, instead of the impossible and useless so called "dream" to them. What they want are just matters for living. Similarly, as the North Korea and Iran spare no efforts in developing their nuclear power in order to claim that they are strong in military. They did not aware that they have already posed a huge threaten to the world's security.

In sum, the hypothesis that regardless of the result, investment of research is always right is not proper. Society's progression needs scientific researches. But a national treasury should be used to meet the demands of people. In the final analysis, as people are the basic unit of a nation, people's benefits should be taken into consideration first while government is going to spend money for research. It is groundless for the speaker to draw the conclusion that to all research.

大家不吝赐教，尽情地拍吧~

fayafayUID: 2743416

第二次作业~
Issue28 "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."
学生们在记忆知识的时候应该先学习有助于解释那些知识的理念，潮流和概念。仅仅死学知识的学生是学不到什么东西的。
提纲：
平衡观点：
-学生在记忆知识的时候应该先学习有助于解释那些知识的理念，潮流和概念
1.        基于理解的记忆能持续更长的时间（相对于背一篇古诗文来说，现代文更好背）
2.        对于新接触到的知识打下基础，更快地灵活运用（数学公式学习）
-死学知识的学生不一定学不到什么东西
1.        理论是一切实践的基础，只有充分理解了了理论，才能进行实践（没有地基，造不了摩天大楼）
2.        死学知识的也有学到东西的（纯理论的东西只能靠死学知识，翻译方法的研究）

时间：90min 字数：534
As an old saying goes "it's never too late to learn". Learning can be a whole life career. But what is the procedure of learning and which method is the best for memorizing? It's a both controversial and complicated problem. The speaker asserts that students will have a better memory of a fact only after they have learnt some other concepts of it, and on the contrary, they will learn little if they only learn the facts. From my point of view, knowing knowledge which is related to the fact is helpful in some aspects, while learning the fact itself is also important.

To begin with, a memorization based on understanding can last much longer than learning by rote. Suppose we are going to recite an ancient poem and a fairy tale. Here is the question, which one will be easier to recite? Of course, we can recite the latter one much faster. Because we are much more familiar with that kind of articles. Also, an ancient poem seems very obscure, but after we have learned some background knowledge of the poet's life, we can have a better understanding of the poem, which may help a lot during the recitation. Besides, on mathematics lessons, when a new formula is introduced to us, what do we do first? The teacher first raises a question for us to solve. Later, the teacher will give us some hints related to the formula, and then, based on the knowledge we have already known to derive the new formula by ourselves. Thus, knowing some ideas, trends, and concepts are very beneficial to memorization.

I concede that background knowledge is quite helpful to memorizing facts, while the learning of facts is equally crucial, or even more. Theory is the basis of practice. Only when you have a sound and profound understanding of a theory can you handle and use it with skills. A fist cannot be made without a hand; a skyscraper cannot be built without a stable foundation. Learning of theories for our memory is just like the hand to a fist and the foundation to the skyscraper. Without the study of theories, memorizing is groundless. Even it seems that you have memorized it by rote, the memory is temporary. Not to mention apply the theories into practices.

Furthermore, we can only learn the fact if it is pure and abstract. You can learn the fact only by study the fact and then apply it with practice to memorize it. Just take interpretation for example. You cannot translate concept of other languages into your native language without knowing any theories of interpretation. In other words, from learning the interpretation theories, we students can have a general conception of translation.

In sum, when mentioning memorization of facts, the relative ideas, trends, and concepts cannot be separated from the study of the fact itself.  During our learning, it should be a combination of studying facts and learning background information in order to let us have a better understanding and then master it. Learning the fact only is no different with water without a source, and a tree without roots. We should study the facts first and utilize it into practice to stable our memory.

fayafayUID: 2743416

issue11"All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems."

有保留地同意：
—        发展一所全球性的大学
1.        增进各国间的友好关系的同时，促进国家的经济贸易发展，旅游业（丝绸之路：马可波罗Marco Polo 来到中国The Travels of Marco Polo）
2.        多文化的学习有利于学生的发展，为学生开拓视野提供了有利条件（各学校都有交流生的活动；很作家艺术家都有游历各国的经历William Wordsworth<Tintern Abbey>；）
—        其主要目的并不是为了解决难缠的社会问题
1.        既然是“最”难缠的社会问题，governors商未解决学生又如何来解决呢？学生尚处于学习阶段，阅历较少，对问题的看法有可能不全面不透彻（美国总统选举规定年满35周岁及以上）

The speaker assumes that all nations should support to develop a globalized university. It is quite acceptable that a university being connection with other universities will be very beneficial to both its country and its students. However, the aim of building such universities is to engage students in solving the world's most complicated social problems may remain some defects.

First and foremost, to establish an international university of a nation means build up bridges among nations all over the world. It will greatly stimulate the nation's economic development and the tourism as well. Reflect back to the Han Dynasty, under the leadership of Zhang Qian, the silk-road appeared. Many western merchants came to China to begin their business, especially for the silk trading, it was the most prosperous. Countless people had set foot on the silk-road, not excepting Marco Polo. He came to China and when he returned back to Italy, he told his stories to his friends. Those unbelievable miseries and wonders he had seen attracted a great amount of Europeans pour into China in order to feed their curiosities. In addition, the birth of The Travels of Marco Polo was emerged as the time required.

In addition, a multi-culture learning environment is very advantageous for students not only on enriching their horizon, but also on the accumulation of life experience. Many colleges have several exchanging items with schools abroad each semester, which provide students of some courses from other colleges. It is an increasing trend that students are eager to apply for those items to studying abroad. Rome was not built in a day. People's thirst for knowledge is everlasting. Many poets wrote down their poems because they could not help loving the sceneries that was far away from their hometown which they had been used to for decades. William Wordsworth composed "Tintern Abbey" on his way home. This poem had been passed on from generation to generation.

From all the examples above, it is necessary for nation to support of a global university. Meanwhile, the purpose of the support is not involving the students into social problems as the speaker considered. Since the problems are the most persistent, even the politicians have not solved it yet, what can a college student do to deal with them? In fact, they are too young to engage themselves into those issues. They lacking in life and working experiences to tackle with those complicated problems when they are confronted with them. They may be not able to have a comprehensive view on the issues. The age limitation of candidates who want to join the U.S. presidential election is the most persuasive proof. People under the age of 35 are not qualified to apply for the election. The reason is obvious. Experience is always proportionate to age, and age is always proportionate to the sense of being trust.

In sum, a nation should help to back up the establishment of global university, but not aim to expecting the students to solve the most persistent social problems. What the students can do to help is to absorb both the oriental and occidental culture. If possible, try to involve themselves into those less complicated social issues.

lcv8006UID: 2452096

issue 31
"Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."

The speaker asserts that whether the results of research are controversial, the invested money is almost always worthwhile. I agree with reserve that spending money on investment is a kind of good investment. However, the speaker fails to take the fact into consideration that not all researches deserve that money.(开篇说明主题，中性观点）

First and foremost, research cannot continue without the consistent financial support. （分论点1）Once the result is made, it will benefit the people, the nation, and even the whole world. A great amount of money has been spent on the exploration of the outer space, such as Mars and the moon. If there exists some new energy, resources, or the basic elements for human life, the research will be immeasurably beneficial to whole human race. We will have another place to live with new facilities, plenty of new living matters. We will live in a totally different circumstance. As for the future, we do not have to be afraid of the coming of the doomsday. At the same time, experts make great efforts to discover new power, such as the Hydropower generation and the wind power generation. In addition, more environmental friendly facilities have been invented when a researcher successfully run the car engine by the electrolysis of water. （论据和论点有一些脱节，论点是科研离不开经济支持，论据是科研能产生巨大效益。我觉得论据挺好的，建议换一下论点）

Despite the merits mentioned above, （后面的论点与前者没有什么逻辑联系）I find it necessary to realize that money cannot be used to research aimlessly. As it is known to all, the result of a study is uncertain. No one can predict the ending until the end. Just take Noble as an example. When he was devoting himself to the research of TNT, a kind of explosion, he would never realize that his invention would eventually led to the World War I. It was a vital disaster to people all over the world. （还是论点和论据的关系问题，Nobel的例子应该是科研双刃剑的问题，和盲目科研没有关系）

Furthermore, not all the research expenses are expected by people. I concede that the birth of Dolly, a cloned ewe, is no doubt a landmark in genic study. It makes people believe that coming back from death, or living forever is no longer a ridiculous dream but a truth. However, as for the people who are living in poverty, disease, or famine, are they eager to be immortal? Of course, they do not. They would rather the government offer them money directly, instead of the impossible and useless so called "dream" to them. What they want are just matters for living. Similarly, as the North Korea and Iran spare no efforts in developing their nuclear power in order to claim that they are strong in military. They did not aware that they have already posed a huge threaten to the world's security. （这一段感觉还不错，能够自圆其说，但是感觉朝鲜和伊拉克这种政治问题最好少说，不过这是一家之言，说得对不对您自己斟酌）

In sum, the hypothesis that regardless of the result, investment of research is always right is not proper. Society's progression needs scientific researches. But a national treasury should be used to meet the demands of people. In the final analysis, as people are the basic unit of a nation, people's benefits should be taken into consideration first while government is going to spend money for research. It is groundless for the speaker to draw the conclusion that to all research.
整体感觉论点之间的逻辑关系不够清晰，论点和论据之间有脱节现象。结构上每个分论点最好有一个总结。在这里仅就逻辑和结构谈一下我的看法，语言是我的弱项，不好评论，不过感觉挺通顺的。

lcv8006UID: 2452096

我的帖子在这里，欢迎回拍
:)
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1054056-1-1.html

fayafayUID: 2743416

第三次作业~

TOPIC: ISSUE112
"Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions."
一些教育体系强调学生逻辑推理思维能力的发展，但是那些叫学生们探究自身情绪的教育对学生们才更有好处。

WORDS: 510          TIME: 00:47:34          DATE: 2010-1-27 10:54:45

-        探究自身情绪的教育很重要
1.        良好的心理有助于学生更乐于学习，学习的气氛更好，更有效地学习
2.        近年来，大学生自杀率呈上升状态，校园暴力等屡见不鲜（美国校园枪击事件）
3.        由于不能很好的控制自己的情绪，会对社会造成危害（马加爵， 对熊泼硫酸）
-        学生逻辑推理能力的培养也很重要
1.        专业需要 (数学专业，法律专业学生需要有很强的逻辑推理能力)

The arguer assumes that educational systems should offer more courses to pay much attention to the students' emotional problems. I am quite agree with that assert. However, the arguer's opinion that the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking is less important, which may still remains suspectable. From my point of view, the importance of emotion control should equal to the cultivation of logical thinking.

First and foremost, students' learning how to control their emotion is of great importance. As for students, most of their time is learning. A happy and blessed mood will be very helpful to their study. It will arouse their interest toward a certain subject, stimulate their learning potential, and increase their curiosity of the world that they are living in. A good learning atmosphere is formed.

In addition, the emotional control of students will not only be good to their campus life, but also to the harmony of the society. It should be aware that the suicidal rate of students has been increased dramatically during recent decades. Students seem to be more vulnerable now than ever before. A secondary school student jumped from a 5-story-high building to commit suicide because of her being criticized by the teacher at school during the day time. If she had ever received some advice about self- emotion control, the tragedy might not happen at all.

This is an example, which has been given little attention to. How about the campus violence events in United States? A student study abroad will surely bear a lot of pressure, such as the intensive courses, a great amount of work assigned by the professor, and a lot of preview and review tasks. Some students who fail to control their emotions will seek for extreme methods to relief themselves from those pressures, and they seem to be much more sensitive than others. The shooting incident happened in Virginia caused a great flutter to students and the society. It is also reported that a university student named Ma Jiajue, he killed 8 classmates because his being humiliated by those students in public. Other news is reported that a student want to satisfy his own curiosity, he went to the zoo and splashed sulfuric acid toward a bear. There are more examples than what have mentioned above. All those examples indicate that educational system should be aware of the significance of developing the ability of students to adjust and control their own feelings and emotions.

Although the students will benefit a lot from an education that taught them to explore their own emotions, the development of their capacity for reasoning and logical thinking should not be overlooked, especially for the requirement of their major. Students of maths, law, and many other departments should have a good command of reasoning and logical thinking since it is primary for their study.

To sum up, the educational system should emphasize both the cultivation of students' controlling of their emotion and training their ability of thinking logically. It will no doubted offer great help to students' becoming versatile and at the same time, keeping healthy both physically and mentally.

fayafayUID: 2743416

TOPIC: ISSUE212
- "If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable."
只要值得，不择手段达到目的是合理的
WORDS: 594          TIME: 00:56:53          DATE: 2010-1-27 15:28:22

平衡观点
— 为达目的不择手段要分情况，在违法和伤害他人利益和权利甚至是生命的情况下不择手段是不可取的
1.        对社会造成危害，法律形同虚设，毫无约束力可言（敲诈勒索，偷盗事件，索马里海盗）
2.        给无辜生命带来危害（希特勒政权）
— 抱着一个正面的向上的目的
1.        为了实现梦想，坚持不懈努力（bill gates退学，开创自己的事业；John Milton: Paradise Lost: Paradise Regained 死后与莎士比亚，乔叟齐名）
2.        革命者，政治家为了人民的自由和权利的维护而努力（Martin Luther King, Abraham Lincoln）
参考资料（from Wikipedia）：
●        在希特勒的领导下,犹太人以及其他人种的遭到了空前的大屠杀。根据粗略估计，期间总共有约600万犹太人因为希特勒的种族灭绝政策而被屠杀。
●        林肯颁布《解放黑奴宣言》(Emancipation Proclamation)，发表Gettysburg Address

正文：
The speaker assumes that as long as a goal is worthy of achieving, it is justifiable to take any means to attain it. From my point of view, it seems to be compelling to agree with the speaker. We should regard this issue separately with a balanced view.

To begin with, trying to pursue one's aim is definitely correct. But when it does harm to others or damage the security of the society, this kind of pursuit should be ceased. Provided that the speaker's assume is accepted by all people around, then, what will happen next? Crimes as kidnapping, stolen, robbery, to name just a few, will become legal. The rules, regulations, laws will lost their restraint effect on people's behavior. It shall never be allowed to happen. The piracy in Somalia has shocked the world. Because of poverty, many Somalia people live on robbery. They believe that being rich and indulging themselves into pleasure and luxurious life is their goal which is worthy. Now, countries all over the world have been working hand in hand to fight against the Somalia piracies. It reminds us that not all goals you want are permitted to attain.

Additionally, only seeking one's own dream which seems to be worthwhile for his or her own while regardless of other people's benefits and acting arbitrarily will be a great disaster to people. A typical example is that the carnage of the Jews. It was worthy of achieving to Hitler, but it was disastrous to the Jewish people. They not only lost their motherland, but also living in great horror of the disappearing of their entire nation. It was reported that up to 6 million people lost their lives during that time. Is this kind of pursuit acceptable and justifiable? Therefore, the achieving of a goal should be limited in a humane way.

However, when people tried to achieve a goal which is expected by all the people, it will be totally different. Countless of revolutionists and politics had spared no effort to strive for rights, such as freedom and equality for their people. Martin Luther King. Jr. is a well- known leader who had devoted himself to the freedom and equal rights for African Americans. President Abraham Lincoln also fought for the equal rights for the American people. He promulgated "Emancipation Proclamation" during his presidency and he delivered "Gettysburg Address" as well in order to encourage people of the whole nation that there shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. The goal which was sought for by them was at the benefit of all people, and thus, it was welcomed. It is respectable of them to devote themselves into the fight against injustice even it means to sacrifice.

As for individuals, sticking to his or her own target during life time is the foundation of realizing their dreams. That is to say, they should try every means to encourage themselves not to give up easily. Although John Milton became blind before half of his life, he still kept on writing. As a result, his works "Paradise Lost", "Paradise Regained" were the masterpieces of the English literature, which made Milton became a par with Shakespeare and Chaucer.

In the final analysis, whether a goal is worth achieving or not, it should be limited and be restrained by laws, not all means are allowed to taken. Meanwhile, when the goal is to protect justice, every means should be tried to achieve it.

after17UID: 2681985

The speaker assumes that all nations should support to develop a globalized university. 题目概括的不完整，大学主要解决复杂社会问题没说。It is quite acceptable that a university being connection with other universities will be very beneficial to both its country and its students. However, the aim of building such universities is to engage students in solving the world's most complicated social problems may remain some defects.摆出自己观点。

First and foremost, to establish an international university of a nation means build building up bridges among nations all over the world 比喻很形象. It will greatly stimulate the nation's economic development and the tourism as well. Reflect reflecting back to the Han Dynasty, under the leadership of Zhang Qian, the silk-road appeared. Many western merchants came to China to begin their business, especially for the silk trading, it was the most prosperous. Countless people had set foot on the silk-road, not excepting Marco Polo. He came to China and when he returned back to Italy, he told his stories to his friends. Those unbelievable miseries and wonders he had seen attracted a great amount of Europeans pour into China in order to feed their curiosities. In addition, the birth of The Travels of Marco Polo was emerged as the time required. 例证有力的证明了分论点

In addition, a multi-culture learning environment is very advantageous for students not only on enriching their horizon, but also on the accumulation of life experience. Many colleges have several exchanging items with schools abroad each semester, which provide students of some courses from other colleges. It is an increasing trend that students are eager to apply for those items to studying abroad. Rome was not built in a day. People's thirst for knowledge is everlasting 用的很好. Many poets wrote down their poems because they could not help loving the sceneries that was far away from their hometown which they had been used to for decades. William Wordsworth composed "Tintern Abbey" on his way home. This poem had been passed on from generation to generation.这段感觉和论点没啥关系

From all the examples above, it is necessary for nation to support of去掉 a global university. Meanwhile很好的衔接上下文, the purpose of the support is not involving the students into social problems as the speaker considered. Since the problems are the most persistent, even the politicians have not solved it yet, what can a college student do to deal with them? In fact, they are too young to engage themselves into those issues. They lacking in life and working experiences to tackle with those complicated problems when they are confronted with them. They may be not able to have a comprehensive view on the issues. The age limitation of candidates who want to join the U.S. presidential election is the most persuasive proof. People under the age of 35 are not qualified to apply for the election. The reason is obvious. Experience is always proportionate to age, and age is always proportionate to the sense of being trust. 这段写的太好了，超赞，很好的支持了分论点。

In sum, a nation should help to back up 很好的替换了hold之类的词the establishment of global university, but not aim to expecting the students to solve the most persistent social problems. What the students can do to help is to absorb both the oriental and occidental culture. If possible, try to involve themselves into those less complicated social issues.

lcv8006UID: 2452096

Issue 28
As an old saying goes "it's never too late to learn". Learning can be a whole life career. But what is the procedure of learning and which method is the best for memorizing? It's a both controversial and complicated problem. The speaker asserts that students will have a better memory of a fact only after they have learnt some other concepts of it, and on the contrary, they will learn little if they only learn the facts. From my point of view, knowing knowledge which is related to the fact is helpful in some aspects, while learning the fact itself is also important.（总论点：两者都很重要）

To begin with, a memorization based on understanding can last much longer than learning by rote.（分论点1：理解性记忆比死记硬背记得牢
） Suppose we are going to recite an ancient poem and a fairy tale. Here is the question, which one will be easier to recite? Of course, we can recite the latter one much faster. Because we are much more familiar with that kind of articles. Also, an ancient poem seems very obscure, but after we have learned some background knowledge of the poet's life, we can have a better understanding of the poem, which may help a lot during the recitation. Besides, on mathematics lessons, when a new formula is introduced to us, what do we do first? The teacher first raises a question for us to solve. Later, the teacher will give us some hints related to the formula, and then, based on the knowledge we have already known to derive the new formula by ourselves.（第一个例子很好，第二个例子感觉不太合适） Thus, knowing some ideas, trends, and concepts are very beneficial to memorization.（整段总分总模式，很好）

I concede that background knowledge is quite helpful to memorizing facts, while the learning of facts is equally crucial, or even more. Theory is the basis of practice. Only when you have a sound and profound understanding of a theory can you handle and use it with skills. A fist cannot be made without a hand; a skyscraper cannot be built without a stable foundation. Learning of theories for our memory is just like the hand to a fist and the foundation to the skyscraper. Without the study of theories, memorizing is groundless. Even it seems that you have memorized it by rote, the memory is temporary. Not to mention apply the theories into practices.（论点似乎和论证反了，论点是学习掌握事实也一样重要，论证是理论是实践的基础，不过感觉后面的论证非常漂亮，例子举得也很恰当）

Furthermore, we can only learn the fact if it is pure and abstract. You can learn the fact only by study the fact and then apply it with practice to memorize it. Just take interpretation for example. You cannot translate concept of other languages into your native language without knowing any theories of interpretation. In other words, from learning the interpretation theories, we students can have a general conception of translation.

In sum, when mentioning memorization of facts, the relative ideas, trends, and concepts cannot be separated from the study of the fact itself.  During our learning, it should be a combination of studying facts and learning background information in order to let us have a better understanding and then master it. Learning the fact only is no different with water without a source, and a tree without roots. We should study the facts first and utilize it into practice to stable our memory.（最后一句有一点画蛇添足。和总论点不是完全一个意思。建议删掉）