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21"Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are really in earnest about reforming a government, an educational system, or any other institution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world."


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I fundamentally agree with the author's claim that reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing, however, it goes to far to say those people who show enthusiasm to reform must be willing to viewed with disdain by the rest of the world. the history is replete with examples that aptly illustrate my standpoints.

the nature of rulers determines they show less interests to reforms, because the consequences of these reforms might undermine their interests that have been obtained. for supporting example one need look no further than the Civil war of America, stemmed from the conflicts regarding the slaves reforms. the south government that rely on the slaves economically have no interests in changing the current administrative system with the fears that the obtained benefits could be vanished with the process of reforming. the North government actively promote the slaves reform due to its distinct economic patterns that require a large amount of labour force. so there is a conflict between the south and north. in this case, there is no doubt that the reformer of North was distained by the detractors of South.


in our modern democratic society, the debates between two political party which have diverse stake in one issue will demonstrate the author's claim as well. for instance, on the one hand. one of the two party that have already gained the authority and power via election have no enthusiasm to carry out a policy of reform, especially when the proposed reform could threaten its political status. on the other hand, the other party usually have tremendous passion to enact new policies and reforms, especially when the reforms can bring some unpredicted benefits to the party or enhance the impression. if people who have penchant to watch TV and listen to radio, these assumed scenes can be easily found in temporary politics realm.

however, it must be admitted it is not necessary the proponent of a reform should be distained by the detractors. it is true when it comes to the circumstances in which the people who have already obtained the benefits and interests have a clear perception that those benefits and interests could be destroyed without a reform.
In 1930s a serious financial crisis spread worldwide, the USA, as the one of most developed country, was subject to the financial crisis as well. at that time the government have recognized it is a economic reform that can save the country. so the president of Roosevelt promote a economic reform that eventually get America rid of the unprecedented crisis. although the government have noticed the tremendous investment plan might tighten the budget in short term, they also predicted without the reform the country will be set in numerous troubles in long term.

in sum, the author describes a normal phenomenon that is caused by the instinct nature of people. when people assume the reform and innovation might bring some undesirable things, naturally they will respond to the reform indifference. however, when it comes to the situation where although a reform will be costly somewhat in short time, but benefit in long time. the proponent of the reform can also be accepted hearty by those people who concerned with their established reputation and status. so we should gauge the claim critically when different circumstances arise.