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Issue 36: “The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.”
Outline:
开头:作者观点—疑问(是否是唯一)--自我观点(并不完全是,据情况而定)
段落一:社会思想落后于这些人的成就,或者他们的成就必须经过进一步的验证,很多杰出的个人没有被他同时代的人所承认(Edmond Halley“Halley comet”& Giordano Bruno)
段落二:后人是前人的后视镜,可作为判断。
(如在科技领域,抽象的理论往往在当时存在争议,但为后人奠定基础
又如孔夫子,在当时遭人鄙视,而后人将《孔子》作为经典)
段落三:不能否认,许多人是的成就是立即就被认可的(如贝多芬Beethoven,当交响曲在维也纳弹奏完毕,他一举成为闻名遐迩的人物&J.K. Rowling)
结尾: 对伟人的评价,前人后人都值得借鉴,他们都有自己的评判标准,而随着社会的发展,思想越来越自由,实验设备越来越先进,彼此之间的交流越来越多,伟人的思想会被越来越快的得到承认。
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Is the greatness of individuals determined merely by later generation as the speaker contends? I tend to disagree with it. Whether it is great is depends as the case stands.
When thinking over this issue, it's necessary to take the society factor into account. Great individuals succeed to be outstanding partly because the populace at that time can't catch up with the mind of great man which is ahead of that present until later progress in science and technology. Therefore, people were not inclined to accept or even excluded their thinking. Consider a great scientist, Bruno, for instance, when he first put forward his theory which were based on the Copernicus' theory of heliocentricism, people think that he must be crazy, even Kepler, the authority of astronomy at that time, can not understand his thinking while reading his paper. Also, Edmond Halley is in the same case, his theory couldn't be accepted by public out of the reason that people's knowledge in such area is limited in that period of time. However, after several years later, for both of them, their work is finally paid off, and they are proved to be the great scientist for their contribution to astronomy research.
Moreover, people often regarded later generations as the rear-view mirror to recognize the giants' greatness. For example, an early Chinese scholar, Confucius, was such a common propagandist when completing his creation--Confucianism, in that period of time, wherever he went, he was despised by local people. No monarch would like to adopt his statecraft. But now, Confucianism is regarded as a classic of philosophy which being a guide in people's daily lives, every year, Chinese people will hold ceremony for Confucius, for his excellent written. Similarly, when it comes to the realm of science, lots of achievements eventually realize its value after the inventor died. That could explain why a lot of scientists didn’t get the Nobel Prize until he passed away.
However, we could not ignore a compelling fact that there are quite a few great people who are recognized immediately by the society. For supporting the point of view, we can enumerate some famous giants like Beethoven, who made a name for himself after playing his fantastic symphony in Vienna along with amazing continuous applauses; J.K.Rowling, who became a household word after the publication of Harry Potter, one of the best sellers. And Gorge Washington, who are loved and respected by all Americans because of his great contribute to establish the Unite States, and therefore people call him “the Founding Father”. Thus, we could conclude that certain achievements may not have to bear the test of time, the greatness of individuals actually could be decided by their contemporaries. Furthermore, values will change when time fly, it's hard to judge whether these achievements could still be recognized or being a classic through the change of time.
In sum, it's really unnecessary to figure out which method for judging greatness is more rational, later generations or contemporaries. They all have their own principles which are all correct. But while the society is more and more developed, people's mind are more and more free, facilities are more and more advanced and communications are more and more frequently, thoughts of the great people will also be more and more quickly to be accepted possibly.(553words) |
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